大豆品种光合特性及其与产量关系的研究
摘要
本文从四个方面阐述了大豆的光合生理特性及其与产量间的关系。
1、用12份不同年代育成的大豆品种，分析研究了不同年代育成推广的大豆品种随年代进展、产量的提高、光合生理特性方面所发生的变化，以及这些变化与产量之间的关系。结果表明：
伴随着年代进展，大豆籽粒产量的年增产幅度为20公斤/公顷。产量提高56％，植株光合速率提高57.04％，不同生育时期的研究中，不同年代品种结荚期光合速率与产量的相关系数为0.9221，达极显著水平。植株光合速率的冠层分布研究表明当代品种植株光合速率的提高主要是增强了植株下部叶片的光合速率，当代品种比早期品种更具有抗倒耐密的特征。
2、用20份大豆新品种(系)，分析研究品种间光合速率、比叶重、光合叶面积及叶面积指数、光合势、叶绿素含量、RuBPCase酶活性及希尔反应活力等七个重要光合生理性状的差异及其与产量的关系，结果表明：
(1)当代新品种(系)间的光合速率存在着较大差异，当代品种的产量主要来自于植株的中层叶片，单位叶片光合速率与产量的相关系数不显著，但植株光合速率与产量呈显著正相关，相关系数为0.828。
(2)品种间比叶重(SLW)的变异幅度为46.45％～61.12％。比叶重与产量及光合速率呈明显的正相关，相关系数分别为0.9102和0.9280，达极显著水平。
(3)品种间叶面积和叶面积动态有较大差异，高产品种的LAImax时期提早，下降缓慢，即LAImax持续时期长。生育后期的LAI与产量呈明显的正相关，LAImax在5.0～7.0之间与产量呈明显的正相关。
(4)品种间光合势具有显著差异，总变异为171800～223100m~2·日/亩，20个品种的光合势与生物产量、经济产量间均呈明显的正相关，相关系数为0.9280和0.8957，达极显著水平。
(5)不同品种间的叶绿素含量中，90年代品种较50年代品种的叶绿素含量平均提高39％，较70年代品种提高16％。栽培大豆的叶绿素总量较野生大豆低9.65％，但叶绿素b的含量有较大幅度的提高。鼓粒期叶绿素含量与产量密切相关，叶绿素a/b与产量呈显著负相关，其余项目与产量均呈显著正相关。
(6)品种间的RuBPCase活性具有差异，鼓粒期差值为0.748μmol CO_2/g fw.h大于苗期的0.514μmol CO_2/g.fw.h；品种间差异小于生育阶段的差异；栽培大豆与野生大豆RuBPCase活性无显著差异。鼓粒期RuBPCase活性与产量关系较为密切，相关系数为0.5031，但未达到显著水平。
(7)品种间希尔反应活性具有较大差异88.7～108.9μmol K_4Fe(CN)_6/mg chl.h，与
——
光合速率和产量的相关系数分别为0．7504和0．7866，均达1％显著水平。
3、用相同的品种在5种产量水平下研究大豆的光合生理特性及其与产量的关系，
结果表明：
同一品种在5种产量水平下单位叶片光合速率与产量水平无关，但植株光合速率和
群体光合速率与产量呈明显的正相关关系，高产水平下的植株、群体的光合速率高，高
光合速率时期长。生育前期的叶面积和叶面积系数与产量无关，结荚期以后与产量呈明
显正相关。
同一品种在5种产量水平下的比叶重与产量关系总体上为负相关，除在出苗60天
（分枝期）时相关系数为不显著的正相【，其余各期相关系数均为负值。其中出苗30
天（三片复叶期）和出苗 75天（盛花期）时负相关性较强，达 5％显著水平。
同一品种在5种产量水平下的单位叶面积内的叶绿素含量在开花后与产量呈现负相
关，结荚期（出苗90天）和鼓粒期（出苗105天）负相关系数分别达l％和5％显著水
平。但植株叶绿素含量在结荚期（出苗90天）和鼓粒期（出苗105天）与产量的相关系
数呈明显的正相关，均达5％显著水平。
鼓粒期的RuBPCase d与产量呈显著正相关（d．9936）。
4．测定了！0个品种的四种C4k的活性，结果表明，四种C4＄j81！li在品种间具有
较大差异，特别是PPDK在2个品种的各生育时期叶片中均未检到其活性，仅在荚皮中
具有微弱活性。4个品种在新叶中未测得其活性。
大豆嫩叶中C4酶活性很弱，壮叶中较强，荚皮中最强。
大田试验和盆栽试验的 PEPCase活性与产量的相关系数分别为 0．6978和 0．672！，达
1％显著水平，与植株光合速率呈显著上相关。苹果酸酶活性与产量具有负相关趋势，其
它二种酶活性与产量无明显关联。
This paper has elaborated the photosynthetic physiological property of soybean and it's relationship with yields.
1. We study the changes of photosynthetic physiological property with the years changing and the yields growing up with 12 varieties, which were bred at different eras. The results show that:
Accompany years progressing, the output of soybean seed increases 20 kg / hectares each year. Yields raising 56%, and piant photosynthetic rate raise 57.04%. The photosynthetic rate shows significant positive correlation with yields at the period of pod bearing(r = 0.9221), reaches the notable level of 1%. Tne study of plant layer distribution shows that the increase of photosynthetic rate of the varieties at the present years is because that the photosynthetic rate of under layer leaves increases. The varieties at the present years are more anti-lodging than the varieties at the early years.
2. We study the changing of photosynthetic rate, leaf specific weight, leaf area for photosynthesis, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, chlorophyll content, Rubisco-ase activity, and Hill reaction activity among varieties, and their relationship with yields.
(1) The photosynthetic rate varies among the varieties at the present years. The yields of varieties are mainly contributed by the leaves in the middle of the plants. The photosynthetic rate of unit area of leaf doesn't show correlation with yields, but that of plant and population show significant positive correlation(r = 0.828).
(2) The leaf specific weight varies from 46.45% to 61.12% among varieties. Leaf specific weight shows significant positive correlation with yields and photosynthetic rate, and the correlation coefficient reaches very notable level for 0.9102 and 7.9280, respectively.
(3)The leaf area and the leaf area changing vary among varieties. The
varieties with higher yields get the max leaf area earlier, and decrease slowly. That is, the period of keeping max leaf area is longer. The leaf area index shows significant positive correlation with yields at the later stage. The max leaf area between 5.0 and 7.0 shows significant positive correlation with yields.
(4) The photosynthetic potential varies from 171800 to 223100 m2day / mu among varieties. The photosynthetic potential from 20 varieties all shows significant positive correlation with biological yields and economic yields, and the correlation coefficient reaches very notable level for 0.9280 and 0.8957, respectively.
(5) The chlorophyll content in the varieties of 1990's raises 39% in average than that of 1950's, and raises 16% than that of 1970's. The chlorophyll amount of culture soybean is lower 9.65% than that of wild soybean, but the content of chlorophyll b raises greatly. The chlorophyll content shows significant correlation with yields. The value of chlorophyll a/b shows significant negative correlation with yields, and others show significant positive correlation with yields.
(6) The activity of Rubisco-ase varies among varieties. The range 0.748 ?mol/mg-fw-h at the period of pod filing is more than that 0.514 ?mol/mg-fw-h at the period of seedling. The difference came from varieties is lower than that from the growth stage. Culture soybean shows non-significant difference with wild soybean. The activity of Rubisco-ase shows some correlation with yields at the periods of pod filing, and the correlation coefficient 0.5031, doesn't reach noble level.
(7) The activity of Hill reaction activity varies from 88.7 -mol/mg-chl-h to108.9 -mol/mg-chl-h among varieties. The activity of Hill reaction activity shows significant negative correlation with yields and photosynthetic rate, and the correlation coefficient reaches very notable level for 0.7504 and 0.7866, respectively.
3. We study the photosynthetic physiological property with the same varieties under 5 kinds of output levels, and it's relationship with yields. The results show that:
The photosynthetic rate of unit area of leaf doesn't show correlation with yields, but that of plant
1、用12份不同年代育成的大豆品种，分析研究了不同年代育成推广的大豆品种随年代进展、产量的提高、光合生理特性方面所发生的变化，以及这些变化与产量之间的关系。结果表明：
伴随着年代进展，大豆籽粒产量的年增产幅度为20公斤/公顷。产量提高56％，植株光合速率提高57.04％，不同生育时期的研究中，不同年代品种结荚期光合速率与产量的相关系数为0.9221，达极显著水平。植株光合速率的冠层分布研究表明当代品种植株光合速率的提高主要是增强了植株下部叶片的光合速率，当代品种比早期品种更具有抗倒耐密的特征。
2、用20份大豆新品种(系)，分析研究品种间光合速率、比叶重、光合叶面积及叶面积指数、光合势、叶绿素含量、RuBPCase酶活性及希尔反应活力等七个重要光合生理性状的差异及其与产量的关系，结果表明：
(1)当代新品种(系)间的光合速率存在着较大差异，当代品种的产量主要来自于植株的中层叶片，单位叶片光合速率与产量的相关系数不显著，但植株光合速率与产量呈显著正相关，相关系数为0.828。
(2)品种间比叶重(SLW)的变异幅度为46.45％～61.12％。比叶重与产量及光合速率呈明显的正相关，相关系数分别为0.9102和0.9280，达极显著水平。
(3)品种间叶面积和叶面积动态有较大差异，高产品种的LAImax时期提早，下降缓慢，即LAImax持续时期长。生育后期的LAI与产量呈明显的正相关，LAImax在5.0～7.0之间与产量呈明显的正相关。
(4)品种间光合势具有显著差异，总变异为171800～223100m~2·日/亩，20个品种的光合势与生物产量、经济产量间均呈明显的正相关，相关系数为0.9280和0.8957，达极显著水平。
(5)不同品种间的叶绿素含量中，90年代品种较50年代品种的叶绿素含量平均提高39％，较70年代品种提高16％。栽培大豆的叶绿素总量较野生大豆低9.65％，但叶绿素b的含量有较大幅度的提高。鼓粒期叶绿素含量与产量密切相关，叶绿素a/b与产量呈显著负相关，其余项目与产量均呈显著正相关。
(6)品种间的RuBPCase活性具有差异，鼓粒期差值为0.748μmol CO_2/g fw.h大于苗期的0.514μmol CO_2/g.fw.h；品种间差异小于生育阶段的差异；栽培大豆与野生大豆RuBPCase活性无显著差异。鼓粒期RuBPCase活性与产量关系较为密切，相关系数为0.5031，但未达到显著水平。
(7)品种间希尔反应活性具有较大差异88.7～108.9μmol K_4Fe(CN)_6/mg chl.h，与
——
光合速率和产量的相关系数分别为0．7504和0．7866，均达1％显著水平。
3、用相同的品种在5种产量水平下研究大豆的光合生理特性及其与产量的关系，
结果表明：
同一品种在5种产量水平下单位叶片光合速率与产量水平无关，但植株光合速率和
群体光合速率与产量呈明显的正相关关系，高产水平下的植株、群体的光合速率高，高
光合速率时期长。生育前期的叶面积和叶面积系数与产量无关，结荚期以后与产量呈明
显正相关。
同一品种在5种产量水平下的比叶重与产量关系总体上为负相关，除在出苗60天
（分枝期）时相关系数为不显著的正相【，其余各期相关系数均为负值。其中出苗30
天（三片复叶期）和出苗 75天（盛花期）时负相关性较强，达 5％显著水平。
同一品种在5种产量水平下的单位叶面积内的叶绿素含量在开花后与产量呈现负相
关，结荚期（出苗90天）和鼓粒期（出苗105天）负相关系数分别达l％和5％显著水
平。但植株叶绿素含量在结荚期（出苗90天）和鼓粒期（出苗105天）与产量的相关系
数呈明显的正相关，均达5％显著水平。
鼓粒期的RuBPCase d与产量呈显著正相关（d．9936）。
4．测定了！0个品种的四种C4k的活性，结果表明，四种C4＄j81！li在品种间具有
较大差异，特别是PPDK在2个品种的各生育时期叶片中均未检到其活性，仅在荚皮中
具有微弱活性。4个品种在新叶中未测得其活性。
大豆嫩叶中C4酶活性很弱，壮叶中较强，荚皮中最强。
大田试验和盆栽试验的 PEPCase活性与产量的相关系数分别为 0．6978和 0．672！，达
1％显著水平，与植株光合速率呈显著上相关。苹果酸酶活性与产量具有负相关趋势，其
它二种酶活性与产量无明显关联。
This paper has elaborated the photosynthetic physiological property of soybean and it's relationship with yields.
1. We study the changes of photosynthetic physiological property with the years changing and the yields growing up with 12 varieties, which were bred at different eras. The results show that:
Accompany years progressing, the output of soybean seed increases 20 kg / hectares each year. Yields raising 56%, and piant photosynthetic rate raise 57.04%. The photosynthetic rate shows significant positive correlation with yields at the period of pod bearing(r = 0.9221), reaches the notable level of 1%. Tne study of plant layer distribution shows that the increase of photosynthetic rate of the varieties at the present years is because that the photosynthetic rate of under layer leaves increases. The varieties at the present years are more anti-lodging than the varieties at the early years.
2. We study the changing of photosynthetic rate, leaf specific weight, leaf area for photosynthesis, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, chlorophyll content, Rubisco-ase activity, and Hill reaction activity among varieties, and their relationship with yields.
(1) The photosynthetic rate varies among the varieties at the present years. The yields of varieties are mainly contributed by the leaves in the middle of the plants. The photosynthetic rate of unit area of leaf doesn't show correlation with yields, but that of plant and population show significant positive correlation(r = 0.828).
(2) The leaf specific weight varies from 46.45% to 61.12% among varieties. Leaf specific weight shows significant positive correlation with yields and photosynthetic rate, and the correlation coefficient reaches very notable level for 0.9102 and 7.9280, respectively.
(3)The leaf area and the leaf area changing vary among varieties. The
varieties with higher yields get the max leaf area earlier, and decrease slowly. That is, the period of keeping max leaf area is longer. The leaf area index shows significant positive correlation with yields at the later stage. The max leaf area between 5.0 and 7.0 shows significant positive correlation with yields.
(4) The photosynthetic potential varies from 171800 to 223100 m2day / mu among varieties. The photosynthetic potential from 20 varieties all shows significant positive correlation with biological yields and economic yields, and the correlation coefficient reaches very notable level for 0.9280 and 0.8957, respectively.
(5) The chlorophyll content in the varieties of 1990's raises 39% in average than that of 1950's, and raises 16% than that of 1970's. The chlorophyll amount of culture soybean is lower 9.65% than that of wild soybean, but the content of chlorophyll b raises greatly. The chlorophyll content shows significant correlation with yields. The value of chlorophyll a/b shows significant negative correlation with yields, and others show significant positive correlation with yields.
(6) The activity of Rubisco-ase varies among varieties. The range 0.748 ?mol/mg-fw-h at the period of pod filing is more than that 0.514 ?mol/mg-fw-h at the period of seedling. The difference came from varieties is lower than that from the growth stage. Culture soybean shows non-significant difference with wild soybean. The activity of Rubisco-ase shows some correlation with yields at the periods of pod filing, and the correlation coefficient 0.5031, doesn't reach noble level.
(7) The activity of Hill reaction activity varies from 88.7 -mol/mg-chl-h to108.9 -mol/mg-chl-h among varieties. The activity of Hill reaction activity shows significant negative correlation with yields and photosynthetic rate, and the correlation coefficient reaches very notable level for 0.7504 and 0.7866, respectively.
3. We study the photosynthetic physiological property with the same varieties under 5 kinds of output levels, and it's relationship with yields. The results show that:
The photosynthetic rate of unit area of leaf doesn't show correlation with yields, but that of plant
引文
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