自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥动力响应研究
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摘要
自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥作为一种新型的桥梁结构形式，具备了传统的斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥的诸多优点，而且由于庞大锚碇的取消，更好的适应了深海软土地基的建设，在不良地质环境条件下具有强劲的竞争力，目前已被工程界所采纳。但从已有的文献看，对这种桥型动力性能的研究颇为少见。本文结合以自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥为研究主体的交通部西部交通建设科技项目“斜拉—悬索协作体系桥梁的研究”这一科研课题，以拟建的大连港跨海大桥为工程背景，对该新型结构体系的动力特性及地震和抖振响应行为进行了深入的研究，主要工作如下：
(1)自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥的动力特性主要包括体系的自振频率和主振型，它是该体系桥进行动力响应分析的前提和基础。通过建立空间有限元计算模型，对采用自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系的大连港跨海大桥的动力特性进行了分析，并与相同跨径和结构参数的地锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥进行了对比研究，总结了自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥动力特性的新特点并揭示了其原因。同时，针对主跨主缆易于振动的特点提出了采用斜向交叉拉索的抑振措施并发现其合理的设置位置应与结构体系的动力特性相匹配，就分析实例而言其最优设置位置为主跨0.2875跨度处而不是普通悬索桥的最优设置位置0.25跨度处。此外，还研究了主梁不同的约束方式、辅助墩的设置情况、恒载、加劲梁刚度、主塔刚度等结构参数的变化对自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥动力特性的影响，就其影响规律作了详细的讨论。
(2)引入精确高效的虚拟激励法，对自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥在随机地震荷载作用下的地震响应进行了系统的研究。重点考察了P波、SH波和SV波这三种类型地震波作用下考虑多点激励和地震动的空间变化效应以及阻尼的变化对该新型体系内力和位移峰值响应的影响。以大连港跨海大桥为例，基于由规范反应谱生成的当量功率谱密度函数，对比分析了多点一致激励和非一致激励下其地震响应的特点和规律，所得结论为该新型协作体系桥的抗震设计提供了有价值的参考。此外，通过与地锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥的地震响应进行对比，揭示了由于主缆锚固方式的不同造成两种体系地震响应的差异。
(3)基于主梁承受较大的轴压可能使大跨径自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥的非线性行为更为复杂的考虑，采用人工生成的地震波，对大连港跨海大桥在纵向、竖向和横向地震波作用下进行了线性和非线性地震响应研究，对比分析了线性和非线性条件下主梁、主塔和边墩等主要控制截面的内力和位移响应时程结果，并对其影响规律进行了详细地讨论。由于时域分析采用精细逐步积分格式，使计算结果更加精确。
(4)对前人在ANSYS中进行抖振响应时域分析的方法作了改进，并在此基础上利用ANSYS软件的Matrix27单元具有开放式的特点结合APDL语言进行二次开发获得了一种更为精细化的在ANSYS中进行大跨度桥梁结构抖振响应时域分析的实用方法。继而重点研究了结构几何非线性、侧向气弹效应、气动导纳、自然攻角及缆索上脉动风等因素对自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥抖振响应的影响。结果表明，以上各因素对该新型体系桥抖振响应结果的精确性具有不容忽视的影响，须认真对待。其中要特别注意的是，缆索上的脉动风引起了主缆的振动并与主梁产生耦合振动，其对自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥主梁的影响比对普通悬索桥主梁的影响要大。
As a new type of bridge, self-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge has not only some advantages of traditional cable-stayed suspension bridge, but also is more adaptive to being built in deeper sea and soft soil base owing to canceling giant anchor block, so is highly competitive under bad geologic conditions and has been adopted by engineering filed so far. However, there is little research on dynamic behavior for the type of bridge from the documents that have existed. Combined the scientific research question, i.e. the study on cable-stayed suspension bridge which is scientific and technological item of Ministry of Communciation for traffic construction of west region with the engineering background of Dalian harbor across sea bridge, the dynamic characteristic and seismic response as well as buffeting response of the new structural system are investigated in this dissertation, the main research work covers the following aspects:
(1) Dynamic characteristics of self-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge mainly include natural vibration frequencies and principal modes, which are the base and precondition of dynamic response analysis for the kind of the system bridge. Dynamic characteristics of Dalian harbor across sea bridge, belonging to self-anchored cable-stayed suspension system, are analyzed and compared with those of earth-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge with the same span and structure parameters by using spatial finite element model, some new traits of dynamic characteristics for the system bridge are summarized and the reasons are discovered. Meanwhile, the vibration-restraining measure setting intersecting inclined cable, aiming at the trait of being subjected to vibration of the main cables at main span, is proposed and finds that the reasonable setting position should match the dynamic characteristics of the structural system. As for as the example is concerned, the best setting position is not 0.25 position but 0.2875 position of main span length. Besides, effects on dynamic characters due to different restriction ways to girder, setting conditions of accessorial piers, varieties of dead load and rigidity of stiffing girder as well as stiffness of tower are studied, and the influence regulations are discussed in detail.
(2) By applying highly efficient pseudo excitation method, the dissertation analyzes random seismic response of self-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge under P. wave, SH wave and SV wave excitation and the influences on the peak values of internal forces and displacements of some factors such as multiple-support excitation and seismic spatial effect and varieties of damping ratio are considered. Subjected to multiple-support uniform and non-uniform excitation, the traits and regulations of seismic response for Dalian harbor across sea bridge are compared on basis of the equivalent power spectrum density function made by criterion response spectrum, conclusions drawn provide some valuable references for the anti-seismic design of the new type of bridge. Beside, through the comparison with the seismic response of earth-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge, the reason that the different anchored measures of main cables lead to the differences of seismic response between two systems is revealed.
(3) Based on the consideration that the nonlinear behaviors of self-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge will become more complex due to huge axial pressure applied on beam, four groups of artificial seismic waves are utilized to study the linear and nonlinear seismic response of Dalian harbor across sea bridge under longitudinal, vertical and lateral seismic excitation, and the response time histories of internal forces and displacements of controlling section such as main beam, tower, side piers are analyzed and compared in the condition of linear and nonlinear behavior. The effect regulation is discussed in detail. Since the HPD(High Precision Direct integration) method is applied in time domain analysis, the results are more accurate. Conclusions drawn provide some valuable references for the anti-seismic design of the new type of bridge.
(4) On basis of improving on the former method of time domain buffeting response analysis carried out in ANSYS software, combined the opened trait of Matrix27 element with APDL language, the dissertation obtains a particular and applied kind of method which performs time domain buffeting response analysis of long span bridge in ANSYS software. Then, effects on buffeting response of some factors such as geometrical nonlinear, lateral aerodynamic memory effect, aerodynamic admittance, initial attack angle and fluctuating wind of cables are mainly researched. The results reveal that the above factors have a considerable impact on the precision of buffeting response for the structural system. It is notable in especial that fluctuating wind of cables causes the vibration of main cables and coupling vibration with stiffing girder, which has a bigger effect on beam of self-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge than this of general suspension bridge.
(1)自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥的动力特性主要包括体系的自振频率和主振型，它是该体系桥进行动力响应分析的前提和基础。通过建立空间有限元计算模型，对采用自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系的大连港跨海大桥的动力特性进行了分析，并与相同跨径和结构参数的地锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥进行了对比研究，总结了自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥动力特性的新特点并揭示了其原因。同时，针对主跨主缆易于振动的特点提出了采用斜向交叉拉索的抑振措施并发现其合理的设置位置应与结构体系的动力特性相匹配，就分析实例而言其最优设置位置为主跨0.2875跨度处而不是普通悬索桥的最优设置位置0.25跨度处。此外，还研究了主梁不同的约束方式、辅助墩的设置情况、恒载、加劲梁刚度、主塔刚度等结构参数的变化对自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥动力特性的影响，就其影响规律作了详细的讨论。
(2)引入精确高效的虚拟激励法，对自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥在随机地震荷载作用下的地震响应进行了系统的研究。重点考察了P波、SH波和SV波这三种类型地震波作用下考虑多点激励和地震动的空间变化效应以及阻尼的变化对该新型体系内力和位移峰值响应的影响。以大连港跨海大桥为例，基于由规范反应谱生成的当量功率谱密度函数，对比分析了多点一致激励和非一致激励下其地震响应的特点和规律，所得结论为该新型协作体系桥的抗震设计提供了有价值的参考。此外，通过与地锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥的地震响应进行对比，揭示了由于主缆锚固方式的不同造成两种体系地震响应的差异。
(3)基于主梁承受较大的轴压可能使大跨径自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥的非线性行为更为复杂的考虑，采用人工生成的地震波，对大连港跨海大桥在纵向、竖向和横向地震波作用下进行了线性和非线性地震响应研究，对比分析了线性和非线性条件下主梁、主塔和边墩等主要控制截面的内力和位移响应时程结果，并对其影响规律进行了详细地讨论。由于时域分析采用精细逐步积分格式，使计算结果更加精确。
(4)对前人在ANSYS中进行抖振响应时域分析的方法作了改进，并在此基础上利用ANSYS软件的Matrix27单元具有开放式的特点结合APDL语言进行二次开发获得了一种更为精细化的在ANSYS中进行大跨度桥梁结构抖振响应时域分析的实用方法。继而重点研究了结构几何非线性、侧向气弹效应、气动导纳、自然攻角及缆索上脉动风等因素对自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥抖振响应的影响。结果表明，以上各因素对该新型体系桥抖振响应结果的精确性具有不容忽视的影响，须认真对待。其中要特别注意的是，缆索上的脉动风引起了主缆的振动并与主梁产生耦合振动，其对自锚式斜拉—悬吊协作体系桥主梁的影响比对普通悬索桥主梁的影响要大。
As a new type of bridge, self-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge has not only some advantages of traditional cable-stayed suspension bridge, but also is more adaptive to being built in deeper sea and soft soil base owing to canceling giant anchor block, so is highly competitive under bad geologic conditions and has been adopted by engineering filed so far. However, there is little research on dynamic behavior for the type of bridge from the documents that have existed. Combined the scientific research question, i.e. the study on cable-stayed suspension bridge which is scientific and technological item of Ministry of Communciation for traffic construction of west region with the engineering background of Dalian harbor across sea bridge, the dynamic characteristic and seismic response as well as buffeting response of the new structural system are investigated in this dissertation, the main research work covers the following aspects:
(1) Dynamic characteristics of self-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge mainly include natural vibration frequencies and principal modes, which are the base and precondition of dynamic response analysis for the kind of the system bridge. Dynamic characteristics of Dalian harbor across sea bridge, belonging to self-anchored cable-stayed suspension system, are analyzed and compared with those of earth-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge with the same span and structure parameters by using spatial finite element model, some new traits of dynamic characteristics for the system bridge are summarized and the reasons are discovered. Meanwhile, the vibration-restraining measure setting intersecting inclined cable, aiming at the trait of being subjected to vibration of the main cables at main span, is proposed and finds that the reasonable setting position should match the dynamic characteristics of the structural system. As for as the example is concerned, the best setting position is not 0.25 position but 0.2875 position of main span length. Besides, effects on dynamic characters due to different restriction ways to girder, setting conditions of accessorial piers, varieties of dead load and rigidity of stiffing girder as well as stiffness of tower are studied, and the influence regulations are discussed in detail.
(2) By applying highly efficient pseudo excitation method, the dissertation analyzes random seismic response of self-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge under P. wave, SH wave and SV wave excitation and the influences on the peak values of internal forces and displacements of some factors such as multiple-support excitation and seismic spatial effect and varieties of damping ratio are considered. Subjected to multiple-support uniform and non-uniform excitation, the traits and regulations of seismic response for Dalian harbor across sea bridge are compared on basis of the equivalent power spectrum density function made by criterion response spectrum, conclusions drawn provide some valuable references for the anti-seismic design of the new type of bridge. Beside, through the comparison with the seismic response of earth-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge, the reason that the different anchored measures of main cables lead to the differences of seismic response between two systems is revealed.
(3) Based on the consideration that the nonlinear behaviors of self-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge will become more complex due to huge axial pressure applied on beam, four groups of artificial seismic waves are utilized to study the linear and nonlinear seismic response of Dalian harbor across sea bridge under longitudinal, vertical and lateral seismic excitation, and the response time histories of internal forces and displacements of controlling section such as main beam, tower, side piers are analyzed and compared in the condition of linear and nonlinear behavior. The effect regulation is discussed in detail. Since the HPD(High Precision Direct integration) method is applied in time domain analysis, the results are more accurate. Conclusions drawn provide some valuable references for the anti-seismic design of the new type of bridge.
(4) On basis of improving on the former method of time domain buffeting response analysis carried out in ANSYS software, combined the opened trait of Matrix27 element with APDL language, the dissertation obtains a particular and applied kind of method which performs time domain buffeting response analysis of long span bridge in ANSYS software. Then, effects on buffeting response of some factors such as geometrical nonlinear, lateral aerodynamic memory effect, aerodynamic admittance, initial attack angle and fluctuating wind of cables are mainly researched. The results reveal that the above factors have a considerable impact on the precision of buffeting response for the structural system. It is notable in especial that fluctuating wind of cables causes the vibration of main cables and coupling vibration with stiffing girder, which has a bigger effect on beam of self-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge than this of general suspension bridge.
引文
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