工程岩体质量可视化评价及其在某矿山的应用
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摘要
岩体质量评价是沟通岩体工程勘察、设计和施工的桥梁与纽带,受到国内外工程地质界的高度重视。对岩体做出准确而合理的质量评价,对可利用岩体做出判别,揭示岩体的基本力学特征,是岩体稳定性评价的基础,也是正确指导设计、合理制定施工方案的重要保证,更是工程投资预算的主要依据,尤其是在大型工程建设中的岩体质量评价更具重要意义。
自然崩落法是一种依靠岩体内部的自然力来达到矿石的破碎,并依靠重力来进行矿石运搬的大规模地下采矿方法。矿岩的可崩性是自然崩落法可行性研究的重点。完整岩石强度、RQD值、岩体原岩应力节理间距、节理条件、地下水、岩体原岩应力及其它参数对矿体的可崩性都有影响。
本文首先介绍了国内外工程岩体质量评价的不同方法和研究进展,分析了各评价方法的特点、局限性和相互之间的关系。在分析了矿体的工程地质条件及各种力学特性的基础上,建立起大规模的地质数据库,并得出评价指标的统计分布规律。之后利用矿业工程软件SURPAC建立的模拟实际状态的三维地质实体模型作为分析对象,利用SURPAC软件将各评价参数导入块体模型,对各个未知区域进行参数估值,进行分析计算,利用可崩性分级法分析计算出的结果,对整个矿区岩体质量进行分级分区。最后结合工程经验对结果作了进一步的结论和建议。
以往对于可崩性的评价方法大都是在隧道围岩稳定性分析的基础上发展起来的,各种方法都有一定的片面性。本文的创新在于把计算机强大的数据处理能力应用到可崩性的分级研究中来,极大的方便了对数据的管理和利用。本文的创新还在于确定了各参数的估值方法,利用块段模型参数估值来研究矿岩可崩性及岩体质量分级分区。利用计算机技术结合国内某矿的实际,建立了各类三维可视化模型,对矿体三维地质实体模型进行了区域化评价。最后综合以上研究成果,对岩体质量进行评价,并做出了评价模型,提出了某矿矿岩自然崩落法可崩性评价方案。
The rock mass quality evaluation which links up the reconnaissance of rock engineering, the design and the construction, received highly from the people working in domestic and foreign engineering geology. To make an accurate and reasonable quality evaluation of the rock mass, to make an judgment of the improvable rock body, and to reveal the basic mechanics characteristic of the rock mass, is the foundation of the rock mass stability evaluation and an important guarantee to instruct the design and the construction plan correctly. It is also a main basis of the project investment budget. It has the vital significance particularly in the rock mass quality evaluation of the big-scale work construction.
Block Caving is a mining method in which ore is allowed to collapse due to its own weight in a controlled fashion into chutes. Caveability of rock body is the principal aspect of feasibility study of block caving methods. The factors influencing the mechanical response of a rock mass are: strength of the intact rock material, rock quality designation(RQD), spacing of the joints, condition of the joints, groundwater conditions, in-situ rock stress and other joint properties of ore body.
Different methods and progress of the research of rock mass quality evaluation in domestic and foreign countries were first introduced in this paper. crag body quality appraisal. The characteristic, limitation and mutual relations of each evaluation method have also analyzed. After having determined the research method, a geological database had been established base upon the thorough analysis of engineering geological condition and every mechanics characteristic, and the statistical distributing law research has also been done. Afterwards, take the three dimensional geology full-scale mockup which was made by the mining industry project software SURPAC as an analysis object and combine the block model and the parameters to calculate each block's value using SURPAC. Based on this result concluded from the caveability graduation method, the work of graduation district of the rock body quality in the entire mining area has also been Carried on. Finally this paper used the project experience to draw the further conclusion and the suggestion to the result.
The traditional methods for evaluate the caveability of the rock body are developed based on the stability analysis of rock failure in tunnels. And every method has the certain one-sidedness. This article's innovation lies in the computer formidable data-handling capacity application in the collapsing graduation research, making the management and use of the data more convenient. This article's innovation also lay in having determined the presumption method of various parameters, and studied the graduation district of the rock body quality using presumption of block section model parameter. Each kind of three dimensional visible model has been established using the computer technology regarding to the situations of the deposit. The three dimensional geology full-scale mockup has also been regionally evaluated. After synthesizing the above research results, this paper made an evaluation of the rock body quality and made the evaluation model. Finally this paper proposed the Block Caving caveability evaluation plan of ore-bearing rocks.
自然崩落法是一种依靠岩体内部的自然力来达到矿石的破碎,并依靠重力来进行矿石运搬的大规模地下采矿方法。矿岩的可崩性是自然崩落法可行性研究的重点。完整岩石强度、RQD值、岩体原岩应力节理间距、节理条件、地下水、岩体原岩应力及其它参数对矿体的可崩性都有影响。
本文首先介绍了国内外工程岩体质量评价的不同方法和研究进展,分析了各评价方法的特点、局限性和相互之间的关系。在分析了矿体的工程地质条件及各种力学特性的基础上,建立起大规模的地质数据库,并得出评价指标的统计分布规律。之后利用矿业工程软件SURPAC建立的模拟实际状态的三维地质实体模型作为分析对象,利用SURPAC软件将各评价参数导入块体模型,对各个未知区域进行参数估值,进行分析计算,利用可崩性分级法分析计算出的结果,对整个矿区岩体质量进行分级分区。最后结合工程经验对结果作了进一步的结论和建议。
以往对于可崩性的评价方法大都是在隧道围岩稳定性分析的基础上发展起来的,各种方法都有一定的片面性。本文的创新在于把计算机强大的数据处理能力应用到可崩性的分级研究中来,极大的方便了对数据的管理和利用。本文的创新还在于确定了各参数的估值方法,利用块段模型参数估值来研究矿岩可崩性及岩体质量分级分区。利用计算机技术结合国内某矿的实际,建立了各类三维可视化模型,对矿体三维地质实体模型进行了区域化评价。最后综合以上研究成果,对岩体质量进行评价,并做出了评价模型,提出了某矿矿岩自然崩落法可崩性评价方案。
The rock mass quality evaluation which links up the reconnaissance of rock engineering, the design and the construction, received highly from the people working in domestic and foreign engineering geology. To make an accurate and reasonable quality evaluation of the rock mass, to make an judgment of the improvable rock body, and to reveal the basic mechanics characteristic of the rock mass, is the foundation of the rock mass stability evaluation and an important guarantee to instruct the design and the construction plan correctly. It is also a main basis of the project investment budget. It has the vital significance particularly in the rock mass quality evaluation of the big-scale work construction.
Block Caving is a mining method in which ore is allowed to collapse due to its own weight in a controlled fashion into chutes. Caveability of rock body is the principal aspect of feasibility study of block caving methods. The factors influencing the mechanical response of a rock mass are: strength of the intact rock material, rock quality designation(RQD), spacing of the joints, condition of the joints, groundwater conditions, in-situ rock stress and other joint properties of ore body.
Different methods and progress of the research of rock mass quality evaluation in domestic and foreign countries were first introduced in this paper. crag body quality appraisal. The characteristic, limitation and mutual relations of each evaluation method have also analyzed. After having determined the research method, a geological database had been established base upon the thorough analysis of engineering geological condition and every mechanics characteristic, and the statistical distributing law research has also been done. Afterwards, take the three dimensional geology full-scale mockup which was made by the mining industry project software SURPAC as an analysis object and combine the block model and the parameters to calculate each block's value using SURPAC. Based on this result concluded from the caveability graduation method, the work of graduation district of the rock body quality in the entire mining area has also been Carried on. Finally this paper used the project experience to draw the further conclusion and the suggestion to the result.
The traditional methods for evaluate the caveability of the rock body are developed based on the stability analysis of rock failure in tunnels. And every method has the certain one-sidedness. This article's innovation lies in the computer formidable data-handling capacity application in the collapsing graduation research, making the management and use of the data more convenient. This article's innovation also lay in having determined the presumption method of various parameters, and studied the graduation district of the rock body quality using presumption of block section model parameter. Each kind of three dimensional visible model has been established using the computer technology regarding to the situations of the deposit. The three dimensional geology full-scale mockup has also been regionally evaluated. After synthesizing the above research results, this paper made an evaluation of the rock body quality and made the evaluation model. Finally this paper proposed the Block Caving caveability evaluation plan of ore-bearing rocks.
引文
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[2]章杨松.岩体质量分级风险分析方法及岩体力学参数研究--以镇江至扬州长江公路大桥工程为例:[博士学位论文].南京:1999
[3]宋彦辉.宽阔河床坝基岩体质量与建基面选择研究--以金沙江向家坝水电站为例:[博士学位论文].成都:2003
[4]王鹏.复杂岩质边坡工程系统变形破坏机制及稳定性评价研究:[博士学位论文].北京:2004
[5]韩爱果.地下洞室岩体结构围岩质量的量化及稳定性分析-以金沙江向家坝水电站右岸地下洞室为例:[硕士学位论文].成都理工大学:1999
[6]S.Y.Choi,H.D.Park.Variation of rock quality designation(RQD) with scanline orientation and length:a case study in Korea.Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences.2004,41:207～221
[7]Wu guang,Jiang Jueguang,Zhao Yan.Application of Two Dimensional RQD in Stability Analysis for Rock Slopes.Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University.1998,6(2):206～217
[8]Vicki Moon,Trsha Roy.Geological controls on rock mass classification of coal from Huntly East Mine,New Zealand.Engineering Geology.2004,75:201～213
[9]D.R.Wines,P.A.Lilly.Measurement and analysis of rock mass discontinuity spacing and frequency in part of the Fimiston Open pit operation in Kalgoorlie,Western Australia:a case study.Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences.2002,39:589～602
[10]蔡斌,喻勇,吴晓铬.《工程岩体分级标准》与Q分类法、RMR、分类法的关系及变形参数估算.岩石力学与工程学报.2001,20(增刊):1677～1679
[11]李诗芳,尚锋.Q系统、RMR系统围岩分类在小浪底工程中的应用.人民黄河.1995,(11):46～50
[12]冯光乐,罗蓉,凌天清等.RMR法在公路边坡应用是的几点修正.长安大学学报(自然科学版).2002,22(6):19～24
[13]苗清.SMR稳定性分类方法在大朝山水电站的应用.水力发电.2001,12:23～25
[14]王亮清,唐辉明,刘佑荣等.VJC-RMR法在岩体变形模量确定中的应用.岩土力学.2004,25(5):811～813
[15]周创兵,孙万和,王柏源等.白水峪水电站右岸坝下游边坡岩体的RMR-SMR分类及稳定性评价.工程地质学报.1997,5(3):224～230
[16]孙东亚,陈祖煜,杜伯辉等.边坡稳定评价方法RMR-SMR体系及其修正.岩石力学与工程学报.1997,16(4):297～304
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