兴仁高砷煤矿区水环境中砷的自然净化机理
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摘要
兴仁县高砷煤矿区是黔西南高砷煤矿区之一。过去的采煤活动造成部分含砷量高的煤层及煤渣暴露于空气中,在有氧的条件下氧化,致使其中的部分砷释放出来。释放的砷元素通过一系列复杂的物理、化学过程扩散到矿区周围水体和沉积物中。本文对兴仁县高砷废弃煤矿区石门坎、法兰木、小尖山和正在开采的潘家庄顺发煤矿四个区域的水体和沉积物进行采样分析。通过对研究区水体的水化学特征,水体和沉积物中砷的分布规律以及沉积物中砷的分级提取形态的研究,探讨了碳酸盐岩地质背景下矿山环境中砷的自然净化机理及净化能力。取得以下结论:
1.研究区大多数区域水体的pH值从上游至下游呈升高趋势,而水体的电导率呈下降趋势。各区域水体的电导率随pH值的升高而降低,其中法兰木区域水体表现最为突出。研究区大部分水样离子组分以Fe和SO_4~(2-)为主,只有少数水样点以SO_4~(2-)和Ca为主。
2.从上游至下游,研究区水体中总砷含量呈下降趋势,而沉积物中总砷含量的沿程变化多表现为先升高后降低,沉积物中总砷含量较高的原因是沉积物对砷的富集。
3.研究区沉积物中砷的形态以Fe、Al氧化物结合态为主。其中又以无定形态占主导,这与研究区沉积物组分中含有大量的非晶质体相对应;而可交换态和硫化物及有机结合态含量较少。
4.由于沉积物中含有大量的非晶质体物质,沉积物中砷的形态主要以无定形Fe、Al(氢)氧化物结合态和结晶Fe、Al(氢)氧化物结合态的形式存在。表明了矿山环境中砷的自然净化机理主要是以Fe、Al(氢)氧化物的吸附沉淀和共沉淀为主,而水流的稀释作用也是研究区水体中砷的自然净化机理之一。从上游到下游,研究区水体中砷的净化速率不断降低,一般经过很短的运移距离,水体中砷的含量从一个较高的含量水平降低到10μg/L或是更低。
The High-Arsenic coal mining area in Xingren is one of the High-Arsenic coal mining areas in southwestern Guizhou Province. The coals and waste dump with high arsenic which caused by mining activities, are exposed to the air and continued to oxidation, which lead to arsenic released. The released arsenic through a series of complex physical and chemical process diffuse to the water and sediments around the mining area,. The water and sediment samples in the stream system from the abandoned high-arsenic coal mine area, where are in Shimenkan, Falanmu and Xiaojianshan, and from the mining coal where is in Panjiazhuang in Xingren county were analyzed. Based on analysis of the water chemical characterization, the As distribution in water and sediments, and the fractions of arsenic in the sediments by selective extractions method, this paper discusses the natural attenuated mechanisms of arsenic in mine environment with carbonate rocks of the geological environment. There are several conclusions as follows:
1. The pH value in most water samples are increasing while the electric conductivitys are decreasing from upstream to downstream. There is a negative correlation between the electric conductivity and the pH value, especially in water samples from Falanmu. The main ions in most collected water samples are Fe and SO_4~(2-), only a few of water samples have more SO_4~(2-) and Ca.
2. From the upstream to downstream, the contents of arsenic in water samples are decreasing while the contents of arsenic in sediments are increasing then decreasing. The arsenic in water transform to the sediment, caused the contents of arsenic in sediment is higher.
3. The arsenic fraction in sediments is associated with Al and Fe oxyhydroxides, especially the fraction associated with Al and Fe amorphous oxyhydroxides, which are coincided with a large number of amorphous in sediments mineral composition. And the exchangeable fraction and associated with sulphides and organics fraction were low in sediments.
4.There is a large number of amorphous in sediments, and the fraction of arsenic in sediments are the fraction associated with Al and Fe amorphous oxyhydroxides and the fraction associated with Al and Fe crystalline oxyhydroxides. Arsenic in mine environment was mainly attenuated by the adsorption and coprecipitation of Fe and Al oxyhydroxides, while the dilution of water also plays an important role. Usually, from the upstream to downstream, the attenuation speed of arsenic in water is gradually decreased, and the content of arsenic in water was decreased below 10ug/L or lower in a short distance.
1.研究区大多数区域水体的pH值从上游至下游呈升高趋势,而水体的电导率呈下降趋势。各区域水体的电导率随pH值的升高而降低,其中法兰木区域水体表现最为突出。研究区大部分水样离子组分以Fe和SO_4~(2-)为主,只有少数水样点以SO_4~(2-)和Ca为主。
2.从上游至下游,研究区水体中总砷含量呈下降趋势,而沉积物中总砷含量的沿程变化多表现为先升高后降低,沉积物中总砷含量较高的原因是沉积物对砷的富集。
3.研究区沉积物中砷的形态以Fe、Al氧化物结合态为主。其中又以无定形态占主导,这与研究区沉积物组分中含有大量的非晶质体相对应;而可交换态和硫化物及有机结合态含量较少。
4.由于沉积物中含有大量的非晶质体物质,沉积物中砷的形态主要以无定形Fe、Al(氢)氧化物结合态和结晶Fe、Al(氢)氧化物结合态的形式存在。表明了矿山环境中砷的自然净化机理主要是以Fe、Al(氢)氧化物的吸附沉淀和共沉淀为主,而水流的稀释作用也是研究区水体中砷的自然净化机理之一。从上游到下游,研究区水体中砷的净化速率不断降低,一般经过很短的运移距离,水体中砷的含量从一个较高的含量水平降低到10μg/L或是更低。
The High-Arsenic coal mining area in Xingren is one of the High-Arsenic coal mining areas in southwestern Guizhou Province. The coals and waste dump with high arsenic which caused by mining activities, are exposed to the air and continued to oxidation, which lead to arsenic released. The released arsenic through a series of complex physical and chemical process diffuse to the water and sediments around the mining area,. The water and sediment samples in the stream system from the abandoned high-arsenic coal mine area, where are in Shimenkan, Falanmu and Xiaojianshan, and from the mining coal where is in Panjiazhuang in Xingren county were analyzed. Based on analysis of the water chemical characterization, the As distribution in water and sediments, and the fractions of arsenic in the sediments by selective extractions method, this paper discusses the natural attenuated mechanisms of arsenic in mine environment with carbonate rocks of the geological environment. There are several conclusions as follows:
1. The pH value in most water samples are increasing while the electric conductivitys are decreasing from upstream to downstream. There is a negative correlation between the electric conductivity and the pH value, especially in water samples from Falanmu. The main ions in most collected water samples are Fe and SO_4~(2-), only a few of water samples have more SO_4~(2-) and Ca.
2. From the upstream to downstream, the contents of arsenic in water samples are decreasing while the contents of arsenic in sediments are increasing then decreasing. The arsenic in water transform to the sediment, caused the contents of arsenic in sediment is higher.
3. The arsenic fraction in sediments is associated with Al and Fe oxyhydroxides, especially the fraction associated with Al and Fe amorphous oxyhydroxides, which are coincided with a large number of amorphous in sediments mineral composition. And the exchangeable fraction and associated with sulphides and organics fraction were low in sediments.
4.There is a large number of amorphous in sediments, and the fraction of arsenic in sediments are the fraction associated with Al and Fe amorphous oxyhydroxides and the fraction associated with Al and Fe crystalline oxyhydroxides. Arsenic in mine environment was mainly attenuated by the adsorption and coprecipitation of Fe and Al oxyhydroxides, while the dilution of water also plays an important role. Usually, from the upstream to downstream, the attenuation speed of arsenic in water is gradually decreased, and the content of arsenic in water was decreased below 10ug/L or lower in a short distance.
引文
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