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基于线性二次型最优控制的光伏并网发电系统的研究
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摘要
光伏并网发电作为一种具有广阔前景的绿色能源已成为国、内外学术界和工业界研究的热点。文中以单相两级式光伏并网发电系统为研究对象,深入分析其工作原理,分别建立了适于应用线性二次型最优控制技术的Boost变换器及基于LCL滤波器的逆变器的数学模型,并对光伏阵列的最大功率跟踪、逆变器直流侧电压稳定控制及并网电流波形校正等问题进行了全面系统的研究。
     为实现最大功率跟踪及逆变器直流侧电压稳定控制,文中提出了一种基于动态补偿的线性二次型最优控制与模糊变步长扰动观察法相结合的电流连续型Boost变换器的综合控制策略。具体做法是:利用高斯-赛德尔迭代算法改进了能根据外部温度和光强变化调整输出特性的光伏电池的四参数实用模型;提出一种基于模糊控制的变步长扰动观察法,其改进之处在于,利用模糊控制实现变步长跟踪,克服了传统固定步长扰动观察法跟踪步长的设定无法兼顾跟踪精度和响应速度的问题;引入最小步长的计算公式,解决了光照强度突变引起的跟踪方法失效问题。针对逆变器直流侧电压稳定控制问题,根据最大功率跟踪算法的阶段性通过两种控制方案来完成:当光伏阵列输出电压未达到最大功率点时,以其电压的变化量为主要扰动,基于动态补偿器思想,将原问题转化为无扰动系统的线性二次型最优控制问题,从而抑制了由光照突降引起的逆变器直流侧电压跌落的问题;而当光伏阵列工作于最大功率点时,首先将Boost变换器小信号非线性模型进行状态反馈精确线性化,然后将基于动态补偿的线性二次型最优跟踪技术应用于变换后的线性系统的控制中,从而得到系统非线性最优控制律,以抑制二次侧功率扰动及其它外部扰动。仿真结果验证了所提控制方案的有效性。
     针对基于LC滤波的整流负载引起的网侧谐渡问题,文中在建立基于LCL滤波器的单相光伏并网逆变器数学模型的基础上,提出了一种基于伺服补偿器的动态-抗扰最优极点配置与重复控制相结合的新型复合控制策略:一方面利用重复控制器提高电流跟踪精度和并网功率因数;另一方面对所建立的基于伺服补偿器的LCL型并网逆变器模型,首先利用极点配置获得满意的动态品质和稳定性,然后利用状态反馈阵的非唯—性提供的自由度来对给定的性能指标寻优,即进行最优极点配置,以提高系统的动态抗扰能力。仿真结果表明,该方法能实现光伏并网控制的性能要求,适用于对输出并网电流波形有较高要求的场合。
Grid-connected photovoltaic(PV) generation has become central issue among theacademia and industry almost all of the countries. This thesis focuses on controlstrategies of single-phase two-stage grid-connected PV systems, which includes depthanalysis of its working principles, modeling of the Boost converter and the LCL filterbased inverter, which suitable for the application of the linear quadratic optimalcontrol. Furthermore, the comprehensive and systematic research also consists ofmaximum power point tracking(MPPT) methods, inverter DC input voltage stabilitycontrol and the grid-connected current waveform correction.
     To achieve the maximum power point tracking and inverter DC input voltagestability control, a current continuous mode(CCM) Boost Converter integrated controlstrategie is presented which combines dynamic compensation based linear quadraticoptimal control and fuzzy variable step perturbation and observation(P&O) MPPTmethod. The specific description is: the use of the Gauss-Seidel iterative algorithm isproposed to improve output characteristics of the practical model for the fourparameters PV modules, which can be adjusted according to the external temperatureand light intensity changes; A fuzzy control based a variable step size P&O ispresented and its improvements is the use of fuzzy control for variable step sizetracking which overcoming the contradictory between the tracking accuracy andresponse speed of traditional fixed step P&O and the introduction of the minimumstep formula for calculating the light intensity caused by mutations in tracking failures;The implementation of the inverter DC input voltage stability control is put forwardaccording to the different stage of MPPT algorithm through two sets of controls andboth of the controls are the application of the dynamic compensation based linearquadratic optimal control in the Boost converter to restrain the inverter DC sidevoltage sags caused by insolation falling and to suppress the secondary side of powerdisturbances. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposedcontro.l
     A hybrid controller incorporating servo dynamic compensator based dynamicdisturbance rejection-optimal pole assignment and repetitive control is presented forthe suppression of the harmonics caused by the LC-filtered rectifiers. The repetitivecontroller is adopted to improve the grid-connected current tracking accuracy and power factor. And a dynamic disturbance rejection-optimal pole assignment isintroduced as follows: a servo compensator based LCL-filtered grid-inverter model isestablished and the dynamic disturbance rejection-optimal pole assignment isintroduced by make use of freedoms of selecting feedback matrix to develop theability of dynamic disturbance rejection. The simulation results verify the perfectperformance of the proposed control which Applied to those grid-connected inverterwith higher requirements current waveform.
引文
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