利用雨滴谱对移动双偏振雷达进行质量控制及降水估测
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摘要
基于T-Matrix对C波段双偏振雷达参数反演，本文首先拟合了江淮地区双偏振雷达ZH，ZDR，KDP等参数之间的关系，衰减系数以及滴谱结构特征。通过对数据进行分析，分析了影响双偏振雷达数据的主要参数，并且给出了对各种参数进行质量控制的方法。使用FIR迭代滤波，对ΦDP数据进行了滤波，得到KDP参数。结合江淮地区雨滴谱散射模拟的结果，提出了使用MKDP方法对ZH，ZDR进行衰减订正。另外，针对车载双偏振雷达的特点，分析了近距离遮挡物对各个双偏振参数的影响。最后，对2013年江淮地区一次梅雨过程进行了滴谱分析，使用Z-R，R-KDP，R-ZH-ZDR，R-KDP-ZDR四种方法进行了降水估测，并对误差进行了分析。论文的主要研究内容和研究成果如下：
1)通过雨滴谱观测数据，使用T-Matrix方法能很好的对C波段双偏振雷达参数进行模拟。通过模拟得到的各种参数的相关性较高，并且，结合模拟结果，可以得到u-Λ曲线，配合观测得到的双偏振参数，可以实现滴谱Gamma分布的参数反演。
2)在双偏振雷达质量控制中，采样点数M，信噪比SNR，相关系数ρHV是影响双偏振参数质量的重要因素。研究结果表明，只有SNR大于20dB的双偏振参数才具有可信度。ZDR系统误差在20-34dB会随着SNR的增加而增加。在观测过程中ZDR系统误差变化不大，但是，在阵地迁移，系统故障等情况发生时，系统误差变化较大，需要重新进行标定。
3)使用FIR迭代滤波方法可以很好的对ΦDP进行滤波。最后使用最小二乘法求取KDP可以得到比较满意的结果。
4)采用对雨滴进行分类，使用雨滴谱数据拟合出不同雨滴大小的衰减系数，对ZH，ZDR进行衰减订正（MKDP法）。通过对不同订正方法的分析，并使用S波段雷达对订正结果进行分析，结果表明，MKDP法效果明显。
5)由于车载雷达容易遭受附近遮挡物的影响，文章分析了近距离遮挡物对各个参数的影响。反射率因子ZH受遮挡影响后基本会减小，遮挡越大，衰减越强。ZDR在受到尖状遮挡物影响时，会出现正的偏差，ΦDP受到遮挡情况和ZDR类似，KDP和ρHV基本不受到部分遮挡的影响。
6)利用雨滴谱散射模拟的结果，得到R(Z)，R(KDP)，R(ZDR,ZH)，R(ZDR,KDP)四种降水估测方法的拟合系数。使用2013年江淮地区的一次梅雨过程，对滴谱结构及降水估测结果进行分析。结果表明，该次过程滴谱结构比较稳定，各种方法订正的效果相当。使用小时雨量与降水估测的结果比较，能减少分钟雨量与雷达估测的结果的误差。
Based on T-Matrix scattering simulation, The relationship between polarimetricradar measurements, attenuation coefficients, raindrop DSD of Jianghuai area wasfitted. The main parameters which had influence on radar data was analyzed and basicquality control was conducted. By using a iterative range filtering technology onΦDP,the KDPwas obtained. Combining the Jianghuai area raindrop spectrum scatteringsimulation results, attenuation correction of ZH, ZDRwere conducted by using theMKDP method.In addition, according to the characteristics of mobile dualpolarization radar, the influence of short distance blockage on different dual-polarizedparameters are analyzed. Finally, the DSD characteristics of a Jianghuai meiyu-frontin July,2013was analyzed and four QPE methods(R(Z), R(KDP), R(ZDR,ZH),R(ZDR,KDP)) and Error analysis were discussed,The main contents and conclusionsare as follows:
(1)Parameters of mobile C-band dual-polarization radar are inverted based onT-Matrix scattering simulation using raindrop size distribution. The parametersobtained through simulation have a high correlation between each other. u-Λcurvewas obtained by using simulation results, and Gamma distribution of raindrop DSDsimulation was obtained by using polarimetric radar parameters.
(2) In the process of basic quality control, number of samples M,SNR andcorrelation coefficient ρHVare significant elements which influence the quality ofradar polarimetric paraments.The results showed that radar polarimetric paraments iscreditable when SNR is larger than20dB.Systemic error of ZDRin scope of20-34dBwill increase with SNR. ZDRsystem error had no obvious change during theobservation, but ZDRneed to be calibrated when position removal and systemmalfunction occur.
(3) It is good to use iterative range filtering technology on ΦDP. Finally usingleast squares method to calculate KDPcan get satisfactory results.
(4) ZH, ZDRwere attenuation corrected using MKDP method based on raindropclassification which was on the basis of different DSD and attenuation coefficientsfitted using raindrop size distribution.. Analysis of different correction methods and correction results by comparison with s-band radar showed that the MKDP methodeffect is obvious.
(5)According to the characteristics of mobile radar, the influence of shortdistance blockage on different dual-polarized parameters were analyzed. Theattenuation of reflectivity factor ZHwas always in proportion to the degree ofblockage, while ZDRand ΦDPwill increase when encounter the cuspate blockage.KDPand ρHVwere always immune to the partial blockage.
(6)Simulation coefficient of four QPE methods (R(Z)，R(KDP)，R(ZDR,ZH)，R(ZDR,KDP)) were obtained by scattering simulation of raindrop size distribution. TheDSD characteristics of a jianghuai meiyu-front in July,2013were analyzed and erroranalysis were discussed. The results showed that drop spectrum structure was stable,the effect of various methods correction were similar. Rainfall error of using minutesdata of rain gauge and radar rainfall estimate results can be reduced when using hoursdata compared with precipitation estimation results.
1)通过雨滴谱观测数据，使用T-Matrix方法能很好的对C波段双偏振雷达参数进行模拟。通过模拟得到的各种参数的相关性较高，并且，结合模拟结果，可以得到u-Λ曲线，配合观测得到的双偏振参数，可以实现滴谱Gamma分布的参数反演。
2)在双偏振雷达质量控制中，采样点数M，信噪比SNR，相关系数ρHV是影响双偏振参数质量的重要因素。研究结果表明，只有SNR大于20dB的双偏振参数才具有可信度。ZDR系统误差在20-34dB会随着SNR的增加而增加。在观测过程中ZDR系统误差变化不大，但是，在阵地迁移，系统故障等情况发生时，系统误差变化较大，需要重新进行标定。
3)使用FIR迭代滤波方法可以很好的对ΦDP进行滤波。最后使用最小二乘法求取KDP可以得到比较满意的结果。
4)采用对雨滴进行分类，使用雨滴谱数据拟合出不同雨滴大小的衰减系数，对ZH，ZDR进行衰减订正（MKDP法）。通过对不同订正方法的分析，并使用S波段雷达对订正结果进行分析，结果表明，MKDP法效果明显。
5)由于车载雷达容易遭受附近遮挡物的影响，文章分析了近距离遮挡物对各个参数的影响。反射率因子ZH受遮挡影响后基本会减小，遮挡越大，衰减越强。ZDR在受到尖状遮挡物影响时，会出现正的偏差，ΦDP受到遮挡情况和ZDR类似，KDP和ρHV基本不受到部分遮挡的影响。
6)利用雨滴谱散射模拟的结果，得到R(Z)，R(KDP)，R(ZDR,ZH)，R(ZDR,KDP)四种降水估测方法的拟合系数。使用2013年江淮地区的一次梅雨过程，对滴谱结构及降水估测结果进行分析。结果表明，该次过程滴谱结构比较稳定，各种方法订正的效果相当。使用小时雨量与降水估测的结果比较，能减少分钟雨量与雷达估测的结果的误差。
Based on T-Matrix scattering simulation, The relationship between polarimetricradar measurements, attenuation coefficients, raindrop DSD of Jianghuai area wasfitted. The main parameters which had influence on radar data was analyzed and basicquality control was conducted. By using a iterative range filtering technology onΦDP,the KDPwas obtained. Combining the Jianghuai area raindrop spectrum scatteringsimulation results, attenuation correction of ZH, ZDRwere conducted by using theMKDP method.In addition, according to the characteristics of mobile dualpolarization radar, the influence of short distance blockage on different dual-polarizedparameters are analyzed. Finally, the DSD characteristics of a Jianghuai meiyu-frontin July,2013was analyzed and four QPE methods(R(Z), R(KDP), R(ZDR,ZH),R(ZDR,KDP)) and Error analysis were discussed,The main contents and conclusionsare as follows:
(1)Parameters of mobile C-band dual-polarization radar are inverted based onT-Matrix scattering simulation using raindrop size distribution. The parametersobtained through simulation have a high correlation between each other. u-Λcurvewas obtained by using simulation results, and Gamma distribution of raindrop DSDsimulation was obtained by using polarimetric radar parameters.
(2) In the process of basic quality control, number of samples M,SNR andcorrelation coefficient ρHVare significant elements which influence the quality ofradar polarimetric paraments.The results showed that radar polarimetric paraments iscreditable when SNR is larger than20dB.Systemic error of ZDRin scope of20-34dBwill increase with SNR. ZDRsystem error had no obvious change during theobservation, but ZDRneed to be calibrated when position removal and systemmalfunction occur.
(3) It is good to use iterative range filtering technology on ΦDP. Finally usingleast squares method to calculate KDPcan get satisfactory results.
(4) ZH, ZDRwere attenuation corrected using MKDP method based on raindropclassification which was on the basis of different DSD and attenuation coefficientsfitted using raindrop size distribution.. Analysis of different correction methods and correction results by comparison with s-band radar showed that the MKDP methodeffect is obvious.
(5)According to the characteristics of mobile radar, the influence of shortdistance blockage on different dual-polarized parameters were analyzed. Theattenuation of reflectivity factor ZHwas always in proportion to the degree ofblockage, while ZDRand ΦDPwill increase when encounter the cuspate blockage.KDPand ρHVwere always immune to the partial blockage.
(6)Simulation coefficient of four QPE methods (R(Z)，R(KDP)，R(ZDR,ZH)，R(ZDR,KDP)) were obtained by scattering simulation of raindrop size distribution. TheDSD characteristics of a jianghuai meiyu-front in July,2013were analyzed and erroranalysis were discussed. The results showed that drop spectrum structure was stable,the effect of various methods correction were similar. Rainfall error of using minutesdata of rain gauge and radar rainfall estimate results can be reduced when using hoursdata compared with precipitation estimation results.
引文
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