基于模拟贮运的马拉巴栗形态及生理变化研究
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摘要
本试验以二年生盆栽马拉巴栗为试验材料,用智能光照培养箱进行模拟贮运,采用正交设计,用dps软件和excel进行数据分析,研究不同贮运前处理(考虑光照、水分、基质、杀菌剂等四个因素)、不同贮运处理(考虑温度、药剂、包装等三个因素)对马拉巴栗叶片的形态(考虑观赏形态和叶面表面形态)和生理变化的影响,找出其变化的规律,从中筛选出不同贮运前处理和不同贮运处理的最佳组合,并比较处理中因子的显著性,从而为马拉巴栗生产中实施贮运技术提供参考。本研究意在探索影响马拉巴栗观赏品质的主要因子,及最佳的贮运前处理和贮运处理,为解决长期黑暗、缺水的贮运环境中如何保持观赏品质提供新途径。主要研究结果如下:
1.马拉巴栗经过模拟贮运前处理后,以30d遮光、运前1d停止浇水、基质2(椰糠60%+珍珠岩30%+草炭10%)、50%多菌灵800倍液的组合最佳,在观赏形态方面,叶片保存率达76%,绿色叶占叶片总数的80%以上。综合评价指数(叶片保存率、叶色、株型)达到4.321。在生理方面,叶绿素含量为1.195,叶片的含水量为79.71%,REC值相对初始值上升了0.643,SOD酶活性下降了0.023,MDA含量下降了3.739。
2.马拉巴栗经过模拟贮运处理后,以13℃,5mg/L的KT喷洒植株,纸箱包装处理的组合为最佳,在观赏形态方面,叶片保存率达83.52%,绿色叶占叶片总数的80%以上。综合评价指数(叶片保存率、叶色、株型)达到4.507。在生理方面,叶片含水量为65.37%,SOD酶活性上升了3.56%,POD活性133.33%,CAT活性下降了48.81%,MDA含量上升了200%,REC值上升了77.78%。
3.马拉巴栗叶片下表皮气孔下陷,排列紧密,有利于水分的保持,上表皮细胞排列紧密,可以减少气孔开闭时散失水分。气孔形态为椭圆近圆形,不利于气孔的开闭,也能有效地防止水分的流失。这些观察结果表明马拉巴栗叶片的结构能够适应不良的贮运环境。
贮运植株的老叶与新叶相比,前者的气孔较大,发育更完全,气孔周围的细胞受挤压的程度更明显,而后者的上表皮细胞受挤压的程度更大。后者的气孔密度和气孔器的纵横比较大,表明了新叶气孔开合较为容易,对环境的敏感性较强。贮运植株叶片的气孔密度和气孔纵横比均大于正常生长的植株,表明了保卫细胞为了维持植物的生长,需要改变自身的结构来适应不良的环境。贮运中马拉巴栗长期处于黑暗条件下,气孔开度减小或者关闭,也会引起叶片黄化、衰老。
This experiment carried on the simulate storage and transportation to the biennial plants Pachira macrocarpa with the intelligent illumination incubator. We choose biennial bonsai P. macrocarpa as the experimental materials.We used the method of orthogonal design,with dps data software and excel to analysis,studying the affect of the different pretreatments (considering four factors,such as light, moisture, ground substance and sterilising agents) before storage, the different treatments (considering three factors,such as temperature, reagents and packaging)during the storage on the P. macrocarpa leaves' morphology (Considering viewing patterns and leaf morphology) and physiological changes, finding out the rules of the changes, selecting the best combination of different processing before storage and different processing during storage and Comparing Factors’Significance during the processing, so as to provide a reference of transportation technology to the P. macrocarpa 's production implementation. The purpose of this research is to analyse the main factor that effect the quality for appreciation of P. macrocarpa and the best pretreatments and treatments, in order to find a new way to deal with the problem about appreciation quality under the situation of darkness and shortage of water. The main results were as follows:
1. Through the Pre-Processing of simulating storage and transportation of P .macrocarpa, The results showed that selection of 30d shading, stop watering before the 1d,coconut coir 60% + perlite 30% + peat 10%, 50% carbendazim by 800 times is the best combination during the pre-processing of storage and transportation for the P. macrocarpa.In ornamental morphology side, The leaf survival rate received 76% after 45d storage and transportation.The green leaf account for above 80% in the mature leaf. The leaf appearance kept well. Its multiple evaluation number received 4.321.
In physiology side, It indicated that Chlorophyll content was 1.195.Leaf content was 79.71%.Compared with the beginning,its REC value had increased 0.643.SOD activity had decreased 0.023,and the MDA content decreased 3.739.
2. Through simulating storage and transportation of P .macrocarpa, The results showed that selection of the 13℃,1000 times of the thiophanate-methyl sprinkling and using the packing boxes was the best combination,the survival rate of leaves accounts for 83.52% after 45d storage and transportation.In ornamental morphology side, The green leaf account for above 80% in the mature leaf. Its mutiple evaluation number received 4.507.
In physiology side,its water content was 65.37%,SOD activity had increased by 3.56%.POD activity had increased by 133.33%,and CAT activity had decreased by 48.81%.MDA content had increased by 200%,and REC value by 77.78%.
3. The pores in the lower epidermis lower epidermis of P .macrocarpa’s leaves are bogging down and arrange closly . upper epidermic cells arrange closly , which being squeezed obviously . pores bogging down are good for keeping water . the closer epidermic cells are , the less water loss when pores are closed . The form of pores is ellipse close to round , goes against to the lockage of pores , and also keeps off the water loss effectively .These results make clearly that the leaves’structure of P. mcrocarpa can adapt to the ill-natured condition of storage and transportation .
Compare the adult plant's older leaves with the new one in storage and transportation , the former's pore is bigger, and the growth is completer, the cells around the pore are squeezed more obviously. However , the latter's epidermal cells are squeezed more obviously . The pore density and stomatal apparatus's aspect ratio of storage and transportation adult plants’new leaves are bigger than older one , which indicates that the new leaves’pore opens and closes more easily , and is more sensitive to environment . The pores’density and the stomatal index of P. macrocarpa’s leaves in the storage and transportation is bigger than the normal growth one . Compared to the normal plants , The aspect ratio of leaves in storage and transportation is bigger , which indicates that guard cell need to change its own structure to adopt the bad environment to keep the normal growth of plants . P. macrocarpa during the storage and transportation is in a dark condition for a long time , and the stomatal aperture minishes or close totally , which may leads to the etiolation and senescence of leaves .
1.马拉巴栗经过模拟贮运前处理后,以30d遮光、运前1d停止浇水、基质2(椰糠60%+珍珠岩30%+草炭10%)、50%多菌灵800倍液的组合最佳,在观赏形态方面,叶片保存率达76%,绿色叶占叶片总数的80%以上。综合评价指数(叶片保存率、叶色、株型)达到4.321。在生理方面,叶绿素含量为1.195,叶片的含水量为79.71%,REC值相对初始值上升了0.643,SOD酶活性下降了0.023,MDA含量下降了3.739。
2.马拉巴栗经过模拟贮运处理后,以13℃,5mg/L的KT喷洒植株,纸箱包装处理的组合为最佳,在观赏形态方面,叶片保存率达83.52%,绿色叶占叶片总数的80%以上。综合评价指数(叶片保存率、叶色、株型)达到4.507。在生理方面,叶片含水量为65.37%,SOD酶活性上升了3.56%,POD活性133.33%,CAT活性下降了48.81%,MDA含量上升了200%,REC值上升了77.78%。
3.马拉巴栗叶片下表皮气孔下陷,排列紧密,有利于水分的保持,上表皮细胞排列紧密,可以减少气孔开闭时散失水分。气孔形态为椭圆近圆形,不利于气孔的开闭,也能有效地防止水分的流失。这些观察结果表明马拉巴栗叶片的结构能够适应不良的贮运环境。
贮运植株的老叶与新叶相比,前者的气孔较大,发育更完全,气孔周围的细胞受挤压的程度更明显,而后者的上表皮细胞受挤压的程度更大。后者的气孔密度和气孔器的纵横比较大,表明了新叶气孔开合较为容易,对环境的敏感性较强。贮运植株叶片的气孔密度和气孔纵横比均大于正常生长的植株,表明了保卫细胞为了维持植物的生长,需要改变自身的结构来适应不良的环境。贮运中马拉巴栗长期处于黑暗条件下,气孔开度减小或者关闭,也会引起叶片黄化、衰老。
This experiment carried on the simulate storage and transportation to the biennial plants Pachira macrocarpa with the intelligent illumination incubator. We choose biennial bonsai P. macrocarpa as the experimental materials.We used the method of orthogonal design,with dps data software and excel to analysis,studying the affect of the different pretreatments (considering four factors,such as light, moisture, ground substance and sterilising agents) before storage, the different treatments (considering three factors,such as temperature, reagents and packaging)during the storage on the P. macrocarpa leaves' morphology (Considering viewing patterns and leaf morphology) and physiological changes, finding out the rules of the changes, selecting the best combination of different processing before storage and different processing during storage and Comparing Factors’Significance during the processing, so as to provide a reference of transportation technology to the P. macrocarpa 's production implementation. The purpose of this research is to analyse the main factor that effect the quality for appreciation of P. macrocarpa and the best pretreatments and treatments, in order to find a new way to deal with the problem about appreciation quality under the situation of darkness and shortage of water. The main results were as follows:
1. Through the Pre-Processing of simulating storage and transportation of P .macrocarpa, The results showed that selection of 30d shading, stop watering before the 1d,coconut coir 60% + perlite 30% + peat 10%, 50% carbendazim by 800 times is the best combination during the pre-processing of storage and transportation for the P. macrocarpa.In ornamental morphology side, The leaf survival rate received 76% after 45d storage and transportation.The green leaf account for above 80% in the mature leaf. The leaf appearance kept well. Its multiple evaluation number received 4.321.
In physiology side, It indicated that Chlorophyll content was 1.195.Leaf content was 79.71%.Compared with the beginning,its REC value had increased 0.643.SOD activity had decreased 0.023,and the MDA content decreased 3.739.
2. Through simulating storage and transportation of P .macrocarpa, The results showed that selection of the 13℃,1000 times of the thiophanate-methyl sprinkling and using the packing boxes was the best combination,the survival rate of leaves accounts for 83.52% after 45d storage and transportation.In ornamental morphology side, The green leaf account for above 80% in the mature leaf. Its mutiple evaluation number received 4.507.
In physiology side,its water content was 65.37%,SOD activity had increased by 3.56%.POD activity had increased by 133.33%,and CAT activity had decreased by 48.81%.MDA content had increased by 200%,and REC value by 77.78%.
3. The pores in the lower epidermis lower epidermis of P .macrocarpa’s leaves are bogging down and arrange closly . upper epidermic cells arrange closly , which being squeezed obviously . pores bogging down are good for keeping water . the closer epidermic cells are , the less water loss when pores are closed . The form of pores is ellipse close to round , goes against to the lockage of pores , and also keeps off the water loss effectively .These results make clearly that the leaves’structure of P. mcrocarpa can adapt to the ill-natured condition of storage and transportation .
Compare the adult plant's older leaves with the new one in storage and transportation , the former's pore is bigger, and the growth is completer, the cells around the pore are squeezed more obviously. However , the latter's epidermal cells are squeezed more obviously . The pore density and stomatal apparatus's aspect ratio of storage and transportation adult plants’new leaves are bigger than older one , which indicates that the new leaves’pore opens and closes more easily , and is more sensitive to environment . The pores’density and the stomatal index of P. macrocarpa’s leaves in the storage and transportation is bigger than the normal growth one . Compared to the normal plants , The aspect ratio of leaves in storage and transportation is bigger , which indicates that guard cell need to change its own structure to adopt the bad environment to keep the normal growth of plants . P. macrocarpa during the storage and transportation is in a dark condition for a long time , and the stomatal aperture minishes or close totally , which may leads to the etiolation and senescence of leaves .
引文
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