加纳高等技术教育毕业生就业力研究
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摘要
本文针对加纳高等技术教育和毕业生就业力问题进行了实证研究。评价加纳高等技术教育系统的意义在于它重新考察了个人生涯向劳动力市场过渡的路径和前景。通过研究高等技术教育的上游管理部门及其对从教育到雇佣等决策环节的影响,兼顾雇用单位等下游部门的主流观点,本文认为,除了所开设的课程、提出的课程标准、毕业生的协调能力和自立能力等因素外,通过完整的学习获得的一系列综合能力也是优化高等技术教育学生培养方式的重要因素。本文的主要研究假设为：加纳高等技术教育对毕业生就业力的影响显著。
研究的相关数据主要来自于2011年加纳高等技术教育就业力的调查,调查对象包括来自加纳10所高等技术大学中的6所、毕业生雇用单位和普通民众共1027人。研究设计和调查实施由笔者完成。
根据人力资本理论(Human Capital Theory)和我们的研究发现,学生消费者、雇用单位以及普通民众认为,高等技术教育对毕业生就业力有积极的影响。从研究结果中可以看出：现有的高等技术教育模型较好地为其受教育者提供了就业能力,但该模型仅能解释72%的来自大城市人口的就业状况(没有考虑中小城市生源)。因此,本文“整体化高等技术教育模型”(IPE)的提出,有望为全体希望接受高等技术教育的加纳公民提供全面的、整体的技术教育,同时可以使地区性城市从高等教育中不断受益。
本文的发现丰富了高等技术教育研究的内涵。在高等技术教育机构服务于加纳的时代背景下,本项研究为高等教育决策者提供了重要工具,通过为优先发展地区直接提供资源,持续不断地满足公众具有的高等技术教育需求。
This research empirically examined the role of Polytechnic Education (PE) and employability skills in Ghana. The originality of this polytechnic system's assessment lies in its re-examination of the higher educational pathways in Ghana in the light of individual trajectories onto the labour market, and the perspectives that emerge. Not only courses offered, curriculum, coordination, or self reliance skills but also successfully completed studies in a general skills were viewed here as elements in the increasing complexity of polytechnic training pathway, based on polytechnic education upstream and its effect on the transition options from education to employment and employers'views downstream were examined. The examination of the polytechnic education revolves around the hypothesis that:polytechnic education does have a significant impact on graduates'employability skills in Ghana.
The answer to this hypothesis was informed by a survey on Ghanaian polytechnics' employability skills2011, designed and carried out by the author of this dissertation (Adwoa Kwegyiriba). The survey interviewed a sample population size of1027as a representation of the six out of the ten polytechnics, employers and the general public understudied.
It drew on the human capital theory (HCT) and found out that polytechnic education has a positive impact in terms of employability skills from the student consumers, employers and the general public perspectives.The Polytechnic education model clearly indicated from the result as performing well in providing employability skills to its consumers. However the polytechnic model is limited to serve72percent of the metropolitan dwellers to the neglect of the citizens living at the district levels. Therefore, an Integrated Polytechnic Education (IPE) model has been proposed which looks at providing polytechnic education from a holistic picture to all citizens of Ghana living at every district and wish to access PE. The proposed model captures the district levels to the higher education beneficiaries.
The findings of this study add to the scanty literature on polytechnic education, with an increasing demand on polytechnic institutions to deliver service to more Ghanaians, this research has provided policy makers in higher education with tools to direct resources to priority areas that will create and widen access to the much needed polytechnic education.
研究的相关数据主要来自于2011年加纳高等技术教育就业力的调查,调查对象包括来自加纳10所高等技术大学中的6所、毕业生雇用单位和普通民众共1027人。研究设计和调查实施由笔者完成。
根据人力资本理论(Human Capital Theory)和我们的研究发现,学生消费者、雇用单位以及普通民众认为,高等技术教育对毕业生就业力有积极的影响。从研究结果中可以看出：现有的高等技术教育模型较好地为其受教育者提供了就业能力,但该模型仅能解释72%的来自大城市人口的就业状况(没有考虑中小城市生源)。因此,本文“整体化高等技术教育模型”(IPE)的提出,有望为全体希望接受高等技术教育的加纳公民提供全面的、整体的技术教育,同时可以使地区性城市从高等教育中不断受益。
本文的发现丰富了高等技术教育研究的内涵。在高等技术教育机构服务于加纳的时代背景下,本项研究为高等教育决策者提供了重要工具,通过为优先发展地区直接提供资源,持续不断地满足公众具有的高等技术教育需求。
This research empirically examined the role of Polytechnic Education (PE) and employability skills in Ghana. The originality of this polytechnic system's assessment lies in its re-examination of the higher educational pathways in Ghana in the light of individual trajectories onto the labour market, and the perspectives that emerge. Not only courses offered, curriculum, coordination, or self reliance skills but also successfully completed studies in a general skills were viewed here as elements in the increasing complexity of polytechnic training pathway, based on polytechnic education upstream and its effect on the transition options from education to employment and employers'views downstream were examined. The examination of the polytechnic education revolves around the hypothesis that:polytechnic education does have a significant impact on graduates'employability skills in Ghana.
The answer to this hypothesis was informed by a survey on Ghanaian polytechnics' employability skills2011, designed and carried out by the author of this dissertation (Adwoa Kwegyiriba). The survey interviewed a sample population size of1027as a representation of the six out of the ten polytechnics, employers and the general public understudied.
It drew on the human capital theory (HCT) and found out that polytechnic education has a positive impact in terms of employability skills from the student consumers, employers and the general public perspectives.The Polytechnic education model clearly indicated from the result as performing well in providing employability skills to its consumers. However the polytechnic model is limited to serve72percent of the metropolitan dwellers to the neglect of the citizens living at the district levels. Therefore, an Integrated Polytechnic Education (IPE) model has been proposed which looks at providing polytechnic education from a holistic picture to all citizens of Ghana living at every district and wish to access PE. The proposed model captures the district levels to the higher education beneficiaries.
The findings of this study add to the scanty literature on polytechnic education, with an increasing demand on polytechnic institutions to deliver service to more Ghanaians, this research has provided policy makers in higher education with tools to direct resources to priority areas that will create and widen access to the much needed polytechnic education.
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