金属矿山尾矿高浓度管道输送技术研究
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摘要
根据统计,我国尾矿年排放量占工业固体废弃物的40%左右。尾矿除极小部分被利用外,绝大部分存放在地表尾矿库中。目前在我国已形成一定规模的尾矿库约1500座,其中有色和冶金行业占80%。并且大多数企业仍采用传统的低浓度排放方式,传统的低浓度排放存在着基建投资大,经营费用高,占地多,回水困难,污染环境,安全性较差等问题。传统低浓度尾矿排放方式加剧了我国土地资源日趋紧张的问题,这种排放方式在经济和政策以及安全上越来越不适应今后矿山发展的需要。因此,探寻金属矿山尾矿的排放与处置的新途径仍然是矿山急待解决的问题之一。本文针对这一问题,提出了金属矿山尾矿高浓度排放。
金属矿山尾矿高浓度排放与传统的低浓度排放相比具有占地面积小、基建(经营)费用低、安全性高等优点。在管道输送方面也存在着本质的不同,传统的低浓度管道输送的浆体属于两相流体范畴,而高浓度管道输送属于结构流体。本文以金岭铁矿全尾砂高浓度管道输送为研究背景,运用工程流体力学、流变学理论,较为系统、全面的阐述了金属矿山高浓度管道输送中的关键技术,其研究结论如下：
1、通过对金岭铁矿全尾砂的物理化学性质测定,以及试验测定不同浓度料浆的流变特性,从而确定金岭铁矿全尾砂料浆从两相流体转变为结构流体的临界重量浓度,研究结果表明：金岭铁矿料浆的临界重量浓度为68%,重量浓度范围在68%—74%之间时全尾砂料浆流体属于非牛顿流体的宾汉体,并可进行管道输送。
2、以工程流体力学、流变学理论为基础,理论分析了影响浆体管道输送阻力损失的影响因素,并结合试验结果得到影响浆体管道输送阻力损失的主要因素包括：料浆性质、粒级组成、输送流速v、管径D、以及输送浓度Cw等主要因素。并运用计算机编程技术进行试验数据处理,最终建立了金岭铁矿高浓度料浆浓度与流变参数之间的函数关系式。
3、自主设计一套测试高浓度尾砂料浆流变参数的试验——L型管道流变参数测定试验,并通过试验测算出金岭铁矿全尾砂高浓度料浆不同浓度下的流变参数,试验结果表明：此方法原理正确、方法适当、结果可靠。与环管试验相比较具有耗时短、费用低、且方法简单、易于操作等优点。
4、运用计算机程序设计语言C++编制了一套实验数据处理软件,此软件具有试验数据回归拟合、拟合结果的相关性检验、图形绘制、与一般数据表格的链接、试验数据的编辑计算、存储等功能。
5、经相关理论分析推导,建立了金岭铁矿尾砂高浓度料浆管道输送阻力损失理论计算模型,并结合建立的浓度与料浆流变参数的数学关系式,从而建立适用于金岭铁矿全尾砂高浓度管道输送阻力损失计算的经验公式。
According to statistics, China's annual emissions is about 40 percent of the industrial solid tailings waste. Except for the very small proportion of the tailings is to be used, the vast majority of surface tailings is stored in the database. At present in China it has formed a certain scale tailings of about 1500, and non-ferrous and metallurgical industry account for 80 percent. And most enterprises are still using the traditional method of low concentrations emissions, Which has a large investment in infrastructure, high operating costs, difficulty backwater, environmental pollution, poor security and other issues. And it exacerbated the growing tension of the issue of land resources. This discharge methods, in the policy and economic and security, no longer meet the needs of the future mine development. Therefore, searching for metal mine tailings'discharge and disposal's new ways need to be solved. This paper is mainly to the problem and propose a high concentration of metal mine tailings discharge.
Compared with the traditional way of low concentrations emissions, the high concentrations of metal mine tailings emissions has small floor coverage, low infrastructure (operating) costs, high security and so on. In the pipeline there are also essentially different from the traditional way of low concentrations slurry pipeline which are two-phase body areas, while high concentration of structural fluid is piped. This article take Jinling Irion Ore high concentration of full-tailing pipeline as the research background. Useing fluid mechanics and rheology theory would be more systematic and comprehensive to expound the key technology of the metal mines high concentration of pipeline. Its contents are as follows:
1. By the determination of physical and chemical properties of unclassified tailing in Jinling Iron, and testing different concentrations of the rheological properties, determine the tailings slurry transform a two-phase fluid into the fluid structure of critical weight concentration. The results show that:The critical concentration of the Jinling Iron slurry was 68%, and the weight concentration range from 68% to 74%, between which the tailing slurry fluid is non-Newtonian Bingham fluid and it can transport in the pipeline.
2. Based on fluid mechanics and rheology theory, theoretical analysis the impact factor of the loss of slurry pipeline transportation resistance and combined with results to get the main factors of slurry pipeline transportation resistance losses. It includes:the very nature of the slurry, the grain size composition of the slurry, stock trough v. diameter D and the transportation concentration Cw and other key elements. Computer program built by functional relationship between high concentration of slurry and rheological parameters in Jinling Iron. Its mathematical expression is: t0=4E-04e0.1584Cwη=0.62Cw-41.37
3. Design a high concentration testing of tailings slurry rheological parameters independently -- L-type mensurating experiment rheological parameters, and measure rheological parameters by experiment high concentration and unclassified tailing slurry of Jinling Iron in different concentrations. The experimental results show that:The principle of the method is correct, appropriate and reliable. Compared with the loop test, it has a short time-consuming, low cost, a simple method and easy to operate and so on.
4. Useing computer programming language C++build a experimental data processing software, which has regression test data, fitting the results of correlation tests, graphics rendering, and general data table links, computing editor of the experimental data, storage and other functions.
5. After a derivation of relevantive theoretical analysis, establishing a pipeline pressure drop calculation model of high concentration of Jinling Iron tailings slurry, and establishing the mathematical relationship between concentration and slurry rheological parameters. So as to Jinling Iron high concentrations of the whole tailings pipeline empirical formula for calculating resistance loss. jm=(16/3D)×4E-04·e0.1584Cw+(0.62·C-41.37)×32v/D2
金属矿山尾矿高浓度排放与传统的低浓度排放相比具有占地面积小、基建(经营)费用低、安全性高等优点。在管道输送方面也存在着本质的不同,传统的低浓度管道输送的浆体属于两相流体范畴,而高浓度管道输送属于结构流体。本文以金岭铁矿全尾砂高浓度管道输送为研究背景,运用工程流体力学、流变学理论,较为系统、全面的阐述了金属矿山高浓度管道输送中的关键技术,其研究结论如下：
1、通过对金岭铁矿全尾砂的物理化学性质测定,以及试验测定不同浓度料浆的流变特性,从而确定金岭铁矿全尾砂料浆从两相流体转变为结构流体的临界重量浓度,研究结果表明：金岭铁矿料浆的临界重量浓度为68%,重量浓度范围在68%—74%之间时全尾砂料浆流体属于非牛顿流体的宾汉体,并可进行管道输送。
2、以工程流体力学、流变学理论为基础,理论分析了影响浆体管道输送阻力损失的影响因素,并结合试验结果得到影响浆体管道输送阻力损失的主要因素包括：料浆性质、粒级组成、输送流速v、管径D、以及输送浓度Cw等主要因素。并运用计算机编程技术进行试验数据处理,最终建立了金岭铁矿高浓度料浆浓度与流变参数之间的函数关系式。
3、自主设计一套测试高浓度尾砂料浆流变参数的试验——L型管道流变参数测定试验,并通过试验测算出金岭铁矿全尾砂高浓度料浆不同浓度下的流变参数,试验结果表明：此方法原理正确、方法适当、结果可靠。与环管试验相比较具有耗时短、费用低、且方法简单、易于操作等优点。
4、运用计算机程序设计语言C++编制了一套实验数据处理软件,此软件具有试验数据回归拟合、拟合结果的相关性检验、图形绘制、与一般数据表格的链接、试验数据的编辑计算、存储等功能。
5、经相关理论分析推导,建立了金岭铁矿尾砂高浓度料浆管道输送阻力损失理论计算模型,并结合建立的浓度与料浆流变参数的数学关系式,从而建立适用于金岭铁矿全尾砂高浓度管道输送阻力损失计算的经验公式。
According to statistics, China's annual emissions is about 40 percent of the industrial solid tailings waste. Except for the very small proportion of the tailings is to be used, the vast majority of surface tailings is stored in the database. At present in China it has formed a certain scale tailings of about 1500, and non-ferrous and metallurgical industry account for 80 percent. And most enterprises are still using the traditional method of low concentrations emissions, Which has a large investment in infrastructure, high operating costs, difficulty backwater, environmental pollution, poor security and other issues. And it exacerbated the growing tension of the issue of land resources. This discharge methods, in the policy and economic and security, no longer meet the needs of the future mine development. Therefore, searching for metal mine tailings'discharge and disposal's new ways need to be solved. This paper is mainly to the problem and propose a high concentration of metal mine tailings discharge.
Compared with the traditional way of low concentrations emissions, the high concentrations of metal mine tailings emissions has small floor coverage, low infrastructure (operating) costs, high security and so on. In the pipeline there are also essentially different from the traditional way of low concentrations slurry pipeline which are two-phase body areas, while high concentration of structural fluid is piped. This article take Jinling Irion Ore high concentration of full-tailing pipeline as the research background. Useing fluid mechanics and rheology theory would be more systematic and comprehensive to expound the key technology of the metal mines high concentration of pipeline. Its contents are as follows:
1. By the determination of physical and chemical properties of unclassified tailing in Jinling Iron, and testing different concentrations of the rheological properties, determine the tailings slurry transform a two-phase fluid into the fluid structure of critical weight concentration. The results show that:The critical concentration of the Jinling Iron slurry was 68%, and the weight concentration range from 68% to 74%, between which the tailing slurry fluid is non-Newtonian Bingham fluid and it can transport in the pipeline.
2. Based on fluid mechanics and rheology theory, theoretical analysis the impact factor of the loss of slurry pipeline transportation resistance and combined with results to get the main factors of slurry pipeline transportation resistance losses. It includes:the very nature of the slurry, the grain size composition of the slurry, stock trough v. diameter D and the transportation concentration Cw and other key elements. Computer program built by functional relationship between high concentration of slurry and rheological parameters in Jinling Iron. Its mathematical expression is: t0=4E-04e0.1584Cwη=0.62Cw-41.37
3. Design a high concentration testing of tailings slurry rheological parameters independently -- L-type mensurating experiment rheological parameters, and measure rheological parameters by experiment high concentration and unclassified tailing slurry of Jinling Iron in different concentrations. The experimental results show that:The principle of the method is correct, appropriate and reliable. Compared with the loop test, it has a short time-consuming, low cost, a simple method and easy to operate and so on.
4. Useing computer programming language C++build a experimental data processing software, which has regression test data, fitting the results of correlation tests, graphics rendering, and general data table links, computing editor of the experimental data, storage and other functions.
5. After a derivation of relevantive theoretical analysis, establishing a pipeline pressure drop calculation model of high concentration of Jinling Iron tailings slurry, and establishing the mathematical relationship between concentration and slurry rheological parameters. So as to Jinling Iron high concentrations of the whole tailings pipeline empirical formula for calculating resistance loss. jm=(16/3D)×4E-04·e0.1584Cw+(0.62·C-41.37)×32v/D2
引文
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