裂缝油气储层检测与预测的地球物理方法研究
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摘要
本文以裂隙介质的波动理论作指导，根据Hudson裂隙理论，求出EDA介质的弹性参数。在此基础上，应用Christoffel方程求出的地震纵波相速度表达式，探讨了裂缝密度和裂隙方位对代表波场运动学特征的纵波速度和代表波场动力学特征的反射系数的影响。其数值模拟表明，在裂隙介质中，地震纵波速度只具弱的各向异性，同时裂隙密度和裂缝方位的变化对纵波速度的影响不大。而对于同级别的裂缝密度，反射系数的变化量是其速度变化量的3倍左右。揭示了地震波的动力学特征比其运动学特征对裂隙更敏感。进而通过潜山面和内幕地面地震记录的数值模拟和波场特征分析表明，潜山面和潜山内幕裂缝介质的波场特征是不一致的，振幅和频率的变化量大于速度的变化量，从而更进一步证明，对于裂缝的敏感性，动力学特征优于运动学特征。同时无论是潜山面还是其内幕，不管是裂隙中含流体还是含气体，振幅的变化量大于频率的变化量。表明振幅比频率更对裂缝敏感。而且振幅对内幕裂缝的敏感性远大于其对潜山面裂缝的敏感性。因而，确定了主要以振幅，其次是频率的地震波动力学特征作为裂缝检测的被检参数和均方振幅和中心频率作为检验检测结果正确与否的评价参数。在上述研究基础上，针对裂缝的三要素，提出通过横向求异检测裂缝方位和纵向求异检测裂缝密度的新思想。并以小波作为分析工具，以潜山波场特征作指导，将数字图像处理中的多尺度边缘检测和自适性边缘检测引用到地震裂缝方位检测中来，并提出了小波变尺度滤波法新的裂缝方位检测法。与此同时，将函数奇异性分析的思想引到地震信号处理中来，针对地震信号信噪比的高低，提出小波振幅奇异性指数法和小波功率谱奇异性指数法的裂缝密度检测方法。同时在回归分析思想指导下，通过现代谱估计提取地震属性参数，将小波多尺度回归法用于裂缝密度预测。并用自编软件，将三种裂缝方位预测和三种裂缝密度预测用于实际地震资料处理，并用评价参数检验评估其正确性，最终在现有的方法中确定了最优裂缝方位检测方法—小波变尺度滤波法和最优裂缝密度检测法—小波振幅奇异性指数法和小波功率谱奇异性指数法。
Directed by wave theory of fractured media, The elastic parameters of EDA medium are determined in the light of Hudson-fractured theory, And Christoffel equation gives the formula of the phase velocity of P-wave by which, Effects of velocity on behalf of kinetic characteristic and reflection coefficient on behalf of dynamical characteristic form fractured density and azimuty is discussed. The resalts of numerical simulating indicat that velosity of P-wave has gentle anisotropy in fructured media at same time, the change of fractured density and azimuty has a little effects on velosity of P-wave. But the change of reflection coefficient is three times as much as the change of velesity resulted from fractured density, which shows that dynamical characteristic of seismic wave is more sensitive to fracture than kinetic characteristic. Then, by seismic numericac simulating of the buried hill surface and its internal phase and analysis of characteristic of wave-field, the wave-field charalteristic of the buried hill's surface is different to the characteristic of the buried hills' internal phase, and the change of amplitude and frequence is bigger than that of velosity which proves further that dynamical characteristic is more sensitive to fracture than kinetic characteristic. And the change of amplitude is bigger than that of frequence, either burich hills surface or internal phase and either fluid or gas in farcture. So amplitude is sensitive to frarcture than frequece. Then the sensitivity of amplitude to fracture of the buried hill's surface is further bigger than that to fracture of buried hill's internal phase. Therefore the dynamical characteristic is acted as detected parameter for fractured detection( primary amplitude secondary frequence).And the amplitude of mean sguare and central frequence are acted as evaluational parameter, Based on the those studies, the new ideas is put forward that fractured azimuth is dected by lateral difference and fractured density is dected by vertical difference for three facters of fracture ,wavelet acted as analysis tool and direction by wave field characteristic applied the multiple scale edge dectection and self-adaptive edge detection into the detection theory of seismic fractured azimuth, also put forward the wavelet different scale filter method of the fractured azimuth detection. Simultatly, based on the vaviaction of seismic signal-noise ratio, the anthor use the funtion singular method in the seismic data procesy and put forward the wavelet amplitude singular exponentid method and the wavelet power spectrum singular exponential for the fractued density detection. Pirected by the theory of regression analysis, we get the seismic arribute data by the moden specturm estimation and predict the fractured density by the wavelet multiple-scale regression analysis. Also, in our software, we have made the practical seismic data processing by the prediction of fractured amizuth and the fractured density, then evaluated the exactitude of the predictions by the evaluation of the assessment parauceter, and at last confirm one optimum detection methods of fractured amizuth,the wavelet difference scale filter method, and two the optimmer fractured density detection method, the wavelet amplititude singular exponential method and the wavelet power spectrum singular exponeatial method.
Directed by wave theory of fractured media, The elastic parameters of EDA medium are determined in the light of Hudson-fractured theory, And Christoffel equation gives the formula of the phase velocity of P-wave by which, Effects of velocity on behalf of kinetic characteristic and reflection coefficient on behalf of dynamical characteristic form fractured density and azimuty is discussed. The resalts of numerical simulating indicat that velosity of P-wave has gentle anisotropy in fructured media at same time, the change of fractured density and azimuty has a little effects on velosity of P-wave. But the change of reflection coefficient is three times as much as the change of velesity resulted from fractured density, which shows that dynamical characteristic of seismic wave is more sensitive to fracture than kinetic characteristic. Then, by seismic numericac simulating of the buried hill surface and its internal phase and analysis of characteristic of wave-field, the wave-field charalteristic of the buried hill's surface is different to the characteristic of the buried hills' internal phase, and the change of amplitude and frequence is bigger than that of velosity which proves further that dynamical characteristic is more sensitive to fracture than kinetic characteristic. And the change of amplitude is bigger than that of frequence, either burich hills surface or internal phase and either fluid or gas in farcture. So amplitude is sensitive to frarcture than frequece. Then the sensitivity of amplitude to fracture of the buried hill's surface is further bigger than that to fracture of buried hill's internal phase. Therefore the dynamical characteristic is acted as detected parameter for fractured detection( primary amplitude secondary frequence).And the amplitude of mean sguare and central frequence are acted as evaluational parameter, Based on the those studies, the new ideas is put forward that fractured azimuth is dected by lateral difference and fractured density is dected by vertical difference for three facters of fracture ,wavelet acted as analysis tool and direction by wave field characteristic applied the multiple scale edge dectection and self-adaptive edge detection into the detection theory of seismic fractured azimuth, also put forward the wavelet different scale filter method of the fractured azimuth detection. Simultatly, based on the vaviaction of seismic signal-noise ratio, the anthor use the funtion singular method in the seismic data procesy and put forward the wavelet amplitude singular exponentid method and the wavelet power spectrum singular exponential for the fractued density detection. Pirected by the theory of regression analysis, we get the seismic arribute data by the moden specturm estimation and predict the fractured density by the wavelet multiple-scale regression analysis. Also, in our software, we have made the practical seismic data processing by the prediction of fractured amizuth and the fractured density, then evaluated the exactitude of the predictions by the evaluation of the assessment parauceter, and at last confirm one optimum detection methods of fractured amizuth,the wavelet difference scale filter method, and two the optimmer fractured density detection method, the wavelet amplititude singular exponential method and the wavelet power spectrum singular exponeatial method.
引文
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