产业集群发展研究
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摘要
产业集群作为一种新的产业组织形式,其强大的集聚效应和竞争优势得到世界各国政府和学界的充分肯定,目前已经在各国区域经济发展进程中得到广泛的实践。随着改革的推进和经济的全面发展,产业集群现象已经成为我国经济发展中的重要内容,一些沿海地区依靠产业集群中的集聚效应已经取得了显著的经济效益。然而在实践的过程中,更多的却是由于对产业集群整体认识模糊,特别是对产业集群内部形成机理和产业集群与区域经济增长之间的相互关系不够清晰,如认为产业集群就是在一定区域内企业数量的简单累积,或则将集群与企业集团进行简单的等同,一些地区出现了产业集群“形聚而神不具”,或者是“集而不群”等问题。因而有必要从产业集群的形成机理和对区域经济增长关系两个主要视角进行剖析,进而提出一些具有针对性的政策建议,这是文章立意之所在。
本文分四个部分。第一部分首先对产业集群理论进行了综述,然后对产业集群的内涵作了界定,并对国内外产业集群理论进行了概括性梳理,最后对产业集群具有的集群效应产生机制作了初步分析。第二部分阐述产业集群的形成机制和演变规律。产业集群形成机制的一般性因素分析,可分为资源驱动、企业家精神驱动、分工与专业化驱动、学习与技术扩散型驱动四个类型,文章同时引入基于系统学中的熵理论模型对产业集群形成机制作了进一步分析;从生态学的角度引入逻辑斯谛增长模型对产业集群发展的演变规律进行了定性分析。第三部分以索罗斯旺(Solow-Swan)增长模型为基础对产业集群对区域经济增长的贡献进行了分析,并对产业集聚效应的测度标准进行了归纳。文章的最后一部分则是通过对我国产业集群发展现状中出现的一些具体问题有针对性地提出了政策建议。
As a new form of industry organization, industry cluster won vast approval nowadays because of its strong cohesive force and comparative advantages, practiced broadly in the regional economic progress in the world. Developing with the propulsion reforming and the economy all-round, the industry cluster has been as an important part of economic development in our country. Some coastal areas have been achieved remarkable economic results by making use of the cohesive effect. However, since there are so many hazy views at the industry cluster inner forming mechanism, including the relations between cluster and the regional economic growth in the progress of practice, some take it granted that the cluster is the simplicity enterprises accumulation, or be equal to the cluster and the association of enterprises simply in certain area. Problems, such as the shape gets together but god out, or collection but not one group, appear over and over again in some areas. So to analyze the forming mechanism of the industry cluster, the interrelations it promoting regional economic growth and put forward some advantage proposals become being necessary. This is location of the article approach.
The paper consists of four parts. Part I sums up the industry cluster theories firstly, does a boundary for the cluster connotation and arrange generally relevance field theories in home and abroad, analyze the forming mechanism of cluster cohesive effect in the part end. Part II sets forth the cluster forming mechanism and evolution laws. Four driven types including resource, entrepreneur spirits, division & professionalization, and learning & technology diffuses are main factors of the cluster forming mechanism. Thermal charge theory is also recommended to explain that. By using Logistic growth model, this part also explains the industry cluster evolution laws. Part III take Solow-Swan growth model as a basis to analyze the industry cluster attribute to regional economic growth, and generalize three measure standards for the cohesive effects. Part IV put forth some policy suggestions to promote the industry cluster development.
本文分四个部分。第一部分首先对产业集群理论进行了综述,然后对产业集群的内涵作了界定,并对国内外产业集群理论进行了概括性梳理,最后对产业集群具有的集群效应产生机制作了初步分析。第二部分阐述产业集群的形成机制和演变规律。产业集群形成机制的一般性因素分析,可分为资源驱动、企业家精神驱动、分工与专业化驱动、学习与技术扩散型驱动四个类型,文章同时引入基于系统学中的熵理论模型对产业集群形成机制作了进一步分析;从生态学的角度引入逻辑斯谛增长模型对产业集群发展的演变规律进行了定性分析。第三部分以索罗斯旺(Solow-Swan)增长模型为基础对产业集群对区域经济增长的贡献进行了分析,并对产业集聚效应的测度标准进行了归纳。文章的最后一部分则是通过对我国产业集群发展现状中出现的一些具体问题有针对性地提出了政策建议。
As a new form of industry organization, industry cluster won vast approval nowadays because of its strong cohesive force and comparative advantages, practiced broadly in the regional economic progress in the world. Developing with the propulsion reforming and the economy all-round, the industry cluster has been as an important part of economic development in our country. Some coastal areas have been achieved remarkable economic results by making use of the cohesive effect. However, since there are so many hazy views at the industry cluster inner forming mechanism, including the relations between cluster and the regional economic growth in the progress of practice, some take it granted that the cluster is the simplicity enterprises accumulation, or be equal to the cluster and the association of enterprises simply in certain area. Problems, such as the shape gets together but god out, or collection but not one group, appear over and over again in some areas. So to analyze the forming mechanism of the industry cluster, the interrelations it promoting regional economic growth and put forward some advantage proposals become being necessary. This is location of the article approach.
The paper consists of four parts. Part I sums up the industry cluster theories firstly, does a boundary for the cluster connotation and arrange generally relevance field theories in home and abroad, analyze the forming mechanism of cluster cohesive effect in the part end. Part II sets forth the cluster forming mechanism and evolution laws. Four driven types including resource, entrepreneur spirits, division & professionalization, and learning & technology diffuses are main factors of the cluster forming mechanism. Thermal charge theory is also recommended to explain that. By using Logistic growth model, this part also explains the industry cluster evolution laws. Part III take Solow-Swan growth model as a basis to analyze the industry cluster attribute to regional economic growth, and generalize three measure standards for the cohesive effects. Part IV put forth some policy suggestions to promote the industry cluster development.
引文
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3迈克尔·波特:《竞争论》,中信出版社,2003,P210
4詹尊明、曹航:企业簇群的特征解析[J],《商业时代》2006.6;郑胜利:企业集群与企业技术创[J],《贵州财经学院学报》2003.1
5 Michael J.Piore&Charles F. Sabel. The second Industrial Divide,筑摩书房,1993
6安虎森、朱妍.产业集群理论及其进展.南开经济研究,2003年3期,P31-36
7 Hans-Joachim, Philip Cooke &Martin Heidenreich. Regional Innovation Systems,UCL Press,1998.
8马歇尔著·经济学原理[M],北京:商务印书馆,1997
9阿尔弗雷德·韦伯:《工业区位论》,商务印书馆,1997,P11
10参见Williamson.O.E, Markets and Hierarchies:Analysia and Anti-Trust Implications[M],New York:The Free Press,1975
11张元智、马鸣萧,产业集群-获取竞争优势的空间,P28,华夏出版社,2006
12 Keeble:“Collective learning processes, networking and‘institutional thickness’in the Cambridge region”, Regional Studies,1999
13布迪厄:《文化资本与社会炼金术》,上海人民出版社,1997
14张耀辉,产业创新的理论探索及高新产业发展规律[M],中国计划出版社,2002
15张耀辉,产业创新的理论探索及高新产业发展规律[M],中国计划出版社,2002
16夏兰、周钟山:产业集群演化和创新,P64,中国市场出版社,2006
17 [英],马歇尔,经济学原理[M],商务印书馆,P282,1997
18杨小凯:《杨小凯谈经济》,中国社会科学出版社,2004。
19梁琦:产业集聚论,商务印书馆,2006
20哈耶克:《经济学与知识》(Economics and Knowledge),1936
21魏江、魏勇:产业集群学习机制多层解析[J],中国软科学,2004(1)
27吴德进,产业集群论,社会文献出版社,2006,P181
28戴卫明、肖光华:产业集群的发展轨迹分析,《湖南科技学院学报》,2005.26
29程元宁:晋江产业集群的发展阶段和内在合作与学习机制研究,《学经济》,2006
30 Hardin:Tragedy of The Commons,1968
31周兵:产业集群的增长经济学解释[J],中国软科学,2003.5
38梁琦:中国工业的区位基尼系数—兼论外商直接投资对制造业集聚的影响,《统计研究》,2003.9
40 Dhrymes:Some Extension and Test of Production Functions[J],Review of Economics and Statistics,1965
41唐杰:城市产业经济分析,北京经济学院出版社,1989
42孙洛平,产业集聚的交易费用理论,中国社会科学出版社,2006,P248
43杨小凯,经济学原理,中国社会科学出版社,1998
44泰勒尔(Taylor),产业组织理论,中国人民大学出版社,1997,P270-274
45窦虎,基于产业集群发展的政府政策研究[J],东岳论丛,2005.5
46梅丽霞等:试论地方产业集群的升级[J],科研管理,2005.26(5)
47谢立新:产业集群成长机制和竞争优势--泉州的经验与启示,2006
48陈佳贵、王钦,中国产业集群可持续发展与公共政策选择[J],中国工业经济,2005.9
49郭金喜:产业集群与跨越式发展[J],青海社会科学,2005.3
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[39]唐杰:城市产业经济分析,北京经济学院出版社,1989
[40]杨小凯,经济学原理,中国社会科学出版社,1998
[41]泰勒尔(Taylor),产业组织理论,中国人民大学出版社,1997
[42]窦虎,基于产业集群发展的政府政策研究[J],东岳论丛,2005.5
[43]梅丽霞等:试论地方产业集群的升级[J],科研管理,2005.26
[44]谢立新:产业集群成长机制和竞争优势--泉州的经验与启示,2006
[45]陈佳贵、王钦,中国产业集群可持续发展与公共政策选择[J],中国工业经济,2005.9
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2柳卸林,段小华,产业集群的内涵及其政策含义[J],《研究与发展管理》,2003(12)
3迈克尔·波特:《竞争论》,中信出版社,2003,P210
4詹尊明、曹航:企业簇群的特征解析[J],《商业时代》2006.6;郑胜利:企业集群与企业技术创[J],《贵州财经学院学报》2003.1
5 Michael J.Piore&Charles F. Sabel. The second Industrial Divide,筑摩书房,1993
6安虎森、朱妍.产业集群理论及其进展.南开经济研究,2003年3期,P31-36
7 Hans-Joachim, Philip Cooke &Martin Heidenreich. Regional Innovation Systems,UCL Press,1998.
8马歇尔著·经济学原理[M],北京:商务印书馆,1997
9阿尔弗雷德·韦伯:《工业区位论》,商务印书馆,1997,P11
10参见Williamson.O.E, Markets and Hierarchies:Analysia and Anti-Trust Implications[M],New York:The Free Press,1975
11张元智、马鸣萧,产业集群-获取竞争优势的空间,P28,华夏出版社,2006
12 Keeble:“Collective learning processes, networking and‘institutional thickness’in the Cambridge region”, Regional Studies,1999
13布迪厄:《文化资本与社会炼金术》,上海人民出版社,1997
14张耀辉,产业创新的理论探索及高新产业发展规律[M],中国计划出版社,2002
15张耀辉,产业创新的理论探索及高新产业发展规律[M],中国计划出版社,2002
16夏兰、周钟山:产业集群演化和创新,P64,中国市场出版社,2006
17 [英],马歇尔,经济学原理[M],商务印书馆,P282,1997
18杨小凯:《杨小凯谈经济》,中国社会科学出版社,2004。
19梁琦:产业集聚论,商务印书馆,2006
20哈耶克:《经济学与知识》(Economics and Knowledge),1936
21魏江、魏勇:产业集群学习机制多层解析[J],中国软科学,2004(1)
27吴德进,产业集群论,社会文献出版社,2006,P181
28戴卫明、肖光华:产业集群的发展轨迹分析,《湖南科技学院学报》,2005.26
29程元宁:晋江产业集群的发展阶段和内在合作与学习机制研究,《学经济》,2006
30 Hardin:Tragedy of The Commons,1968
31周兵:产业集群的增长经济学解释[J],中国软科学,2003.5
38梁琦:中国工业的区位基尼系数—兼论外商直接投资对制造业集聚的影响,《统计研究》,2003.9
40 Dhrymes:Some Extension and Test of Production Functions[J],Review of Economics and Statistics,1965
41唐杰:城市产业经济分析,北京经济学院出版社,1989
42孙洛平,产业集聚的交易费用理论,中国社会科学出版社,2006,P248
43杨小凯,经济学原理,中国社会科学出版社,1998
44泰勒尔(Taylor),产业组织理论,中国人民大学出版社,1997,P270-274
45窦虎,基于产业集群发展的政府政策研究[J],东岳论丛,2005.5
46梅丽霞等:试论地方产业集群的升级[J],科研管理,2005.26(5)
47谢立新:产业集群成长机制和竞争优势--泉州的经验与启示,2006
48陈佳贵、王钦,中国产业集群可持续发展与公共政策选择[J],中国工业经济,2005.9
49郭金喜:产业集群与跨越式发展[J],青海社会科学,2005.3
[1]迈克尔·波特[美]:《国家竞争战略》[M],华夏出版社,2002
[2]迈克尔·波特[美]:《竞争战略》[M],华夏出版社,2002
[3]迈克尔·波特[美]:《竞争优势》[M],华夏出版社,2002
[4]迈克尔·波特[美]:《竞争论》[M],中信出版社,2006
[5]马歇尔[英]:经济学原理[M],北京:商务印书馆中译本,1997
[6]保罗·克鲁格曼[美]:地理和贸易[M](第二版),北京:北京大学出版社,2002
[7]阿尔弗雷德·韦伯[德]:工业区位论,商务印书馆,1997
[8] Williamson.O.E : Markets and Hierarchies-Analysia and Anti-Trust Implications[M],New York:The Free Press,1975
[9]储东涛:区域经济学通论[M],人民出版社,2003
[10]王辑慈:现代工业地理学,中国科学技术出版社,1994
[11]尚勇、朱传柏主编:区域创新系统的理论与实践,中国经济出版社,1999
[12]仇保兴:小企业集群研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1999
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