运动性疲劳、铜锌营养与自由基代谢的相互关系
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摘要
现代战争、军事训练和作业中,常常由于环境恶劣,长时间或超负荷的训练、施工,使得官兵的体力消耗和精神负担增加,同时休息不充分,极易产生运动性疲劳。运动性疲劳能直接影响部队的训练、作业乃至战斗力。运动性疲劳机理的研究其最终目的,是为解决疲劳的防护问题提供理论依据,故受到军事医学界的高度重视。
剧烈的运动过程中自由基生成增多,损伤了多种细胞的正常机能是导致运动性疲劳的一种原因【1】。因此,我们推测抗氧化剂对运动性疲劳有防护作用。事实上越来越多的研究证明,服用抗氧化剂有助于提高机体运动能力,延缓运动性疲劳的产生【2】。微量元素铜、锌作为机体的必需微量元素,其中一个重要的生理作用是抗氧化。在运动医学领域,运动员经常服用一定剂量的微量元素铜、锌。另外,龚书明【3】等研究发现锌强化的茶叶具有很好的抗疲劳作用。但也有相当一部分研究显示补充微量元素铜、锌并不能提高机体运动能力【4-5】。目前,我们对机体运动,微量元素铜、锌营养,以及自由基的代谢之间的关系尚不清楚,因此,对是否服用一定量的铜、锌抗氧化、抗疲劳存在争议。阐明运动、铜、锌营养、机体氧自由基代谢三者的关系对解释微量元素铜、锌在抗疲劳中的作用及营养需要具有十分总要的现实意义。
本研究采用10天递增负荷的游泳运动方式建立SD大鼠运动疲劳模型,观察大鼠机体抗氧化能力和氧化损伤情况,采用原子吸收光谱法测量实验组和对照组SD大鼠肝、肾、骨骼肌、血清铜、锌含量,采用分子生物学技术和原子吸收光谱法测量两组SD大鼠血清不同化学形态铜、锌含量,并分析两组SD大鼠机体铜、锌含量及相应形态含量变化与机体抗氧化能力和氧化损伤情况的相关性。
本研究的主要结论如下:
1.运动性疲劳时SD大鼠体内微量元素铜、锌的分布发生变化:与正常大鼠相比,运动性疲劳大鼠肝组织和血清铜含量增加(P<0.05),骨骼肌铜含量减少(P<0.05),肾脏组织铜变化不明显(P>0.05);运动性疲劳大鼠肝组织锌含量增加(P<0.05),血清、骨骼肌锌含量减少(P<0.05),肾脏组织锌变化不明显(P>0.05)。
2.运动性疲劳时SD大鼠体内抗氧化能力下降:与正常大鼠相比,运动性疲劳大鼠肝、肾、骨骼肌、血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性明显下降(P<0.05);体内氧化损伤增加,较正常大鼠,运动性疲劳大鼠肝、肾、血清中丙二醛含量增加(P<0.05)。骨骼肌中丙二醛含量变化不明显(P>0.05)。
3.SD大鼠体内微量元素铜、锌含量变化与其抗氧化能力有一定的相关性:肝脏中铜、锌含量增加,但其与肝脏抗氧化损伤能力相关性不明显(P>0.05);血清锌含量减少与血清抗氧化能力呈明显正相关(P<0.05),血清铜含量增加与血清抗氧化能力呈负相关(P<0.05);骨骼肌铜、锌的含量减少与骨骼肌的抗氧化能力呈正相关(P<0.05);肾脏铜、锌的含量无明显变化与铜、锌的抗氧化能力无明显相关性(P>0.05)。
4.建立了血清铜、锌元素这两种化学形态的分离分析方法,并讨论了有关的实验条件。该方法铜、锌的检出限分别为9.84×10-3μg·ml-1、1.06×10-3 g·ml-1,相对标准偏差为0.34%～2.31%,回收率为95.0%～103.0%。结果显示该方法灵敏,准确,可靠,可以用于血清中铜、锌元素的形态测定。
5.运动性疲劳时SD大鼠血清微量元素铜、锌的化学形态分布变化与其抗氧化能力相关:疲劳大鼠血清中铜总量以及结合与非结合态含量均较正常大鼠增加(P<0.05),血清中锌总量以及结合与非结合态的含量均较正常大鼠减少(P<0.05)。血清中各种化学形态锌含量减少与其抗氧化能力呈正相关(P<0.05),与此相反,血清中各种化学形态铜含量增加与其抗氧化能力呈负相关(P<0.05)。
综上所述,运动既可影响铜、锌代谢,又可影响自由基代谢,而铜、锌代谢则与自由基代谢关系密切。运动时机体微量元素铜、锌的分布不仅发生变化,它们的化学形态分布也发生变化,这些变化是机体对运动的反应,保证了运动时机体的能量代谢、物质准备,但这种分布的变化导致机体内铜、锌抗氧化的生物效应下降,致使运动时产生的大量自由机不能有效、及时被灭活,从而进一步对机体的运动能力和生理功能产生重大影响,即运动对自由基代谢的影响受到铜、锌等营养因素的制约,这可能是运动产生疲劳的原因之一。
In Modern war and military training and performance, officers and soldiers usually have suffered from sports fatigue because long-time work or over loading training make their physical output and mental burden increased. sports fatigue can affect military training, performance and even military power. Anti-sports-fatigue is based on study on sports fatigue mechanism. So within the military medical domain, more and more researchers think highly of sports fatigue mechanism.
Free Radicle is one of major factors in the sports fatigue. Free radicle which is produced during breather can attack other molecules in the body in order to grab an electron and damag the "healthy' molecule, which could cause cellular function abnormal. Therefore, we infer that addition of antioxidants can anti-fatigue. In fact, numerous animal experiments have demonstrated that the addition of antioxidants can improve locomotivity and postpone sports fatigue. Trace element Cu and Zn which belong to essential trace element of body play a very important role in antioxygen of body. Within sports medicine domain, the antioxidative potential of Zn and Cu was studied on restraint sports fatigue induced oxidant/pro-oxidant status. Everyday many athletes usually have supplementation with certain dosage of Zn and Cu in order to decrease sports fatigue and improve locomotivity. however, many studies have suggested that supplementation with Zn and Cu does not could decrease sports fatigue and improve locomotivity. Whether supplementation with Zn and Cu could decrease sports fatigue and improve locomotivity is still a matter of debate. So this is an important area for future research. Elucidation of the relationship of sports fatigue, free radicle metabolism and Zn、Cu nutrition is very significant for us to understand affect of trace element Zn and Cu to sports fatigue and decide nutrition requirement.
In our research, the model of sports fatigued SD rats were established by ten days loading-increasing swimming exercise. Antioxidant capacity and the degree of oxidative damage of SD rat were observed.The Cu and Zn in liver,kidney skeletal ,muscle,serum of the SD rat were were analyzed by Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). speciation of the Cu and Zn in serum were analyzed by molecularbiology technology and AAS. At last, Relationship among trace Elements Cu and Zn , speciation of the Cu and Zn in serum and Metabolism of Free Radicl in SD Rat were analyzed.
The main findings of the study are as follows:
1.Under sports fatigued condition, the distribution of Cu and Zn in SD rat changed. The amount of Cu in the liver and serum of fatigued SD rat were increased compared with normal rats(P <0.05). The change of Zn in liver was also increased ,but the change of Zn in serum was opposite(P <0.05). The amount of Cu and Zn were decrease in the skeletal muscle(P <0.05) and did not change in the kidney compared with normal rats(P>0.05).
2.Under sports fatigued condition, antioxidant capacity of SD rat decreases. The activities of SOD in liver,kidney,skeletal muscle,serum were significantly lower and beside skeletal muscle the levels of MDA in tissue were significantly higher than control group(P <0.05).
3.Under sports fatigued condition, the distribution of Cu and Zn in SD rat relates with antioxidant capacity. There are relationship between trace elements Cu,Zn and capability of antioxidation in the liver,skeletal muscle,serum of fatigued SD rat(P <0.05).
4.A method was developed for speciation analysis of the Cu and Zn in serum. The detection limit of Cu in serum by the method is in the range 9.84×10-3μg·mL-1. For Zn, The detection limit is in the range 1.06×10-3μg·mL-1,The percentage recovery of trace elements Cu and Zn by the proposed procedure is in the range 95.0～103.0%. The relative standard deviation(RSD) of trace elements Cu and Zn in the serum is in the range 0.34%～2.31%.
5. Under sports fatigued condition, the distribution of speciation of the Cu and Zn in serum of SD rat changed , which relates with capability of antioxidation of serum. The amount of forms of total, combination and non combination of Zn in the Serum of fatigued SD rat were increased compared with normal rats(P <0.05), but the changes of Cu were opposite. There are relationship among all kinds of forms of trace elements Cu, Zn and capability of antioxidation in the serum of sports fatigued SD rat(P <0.05).
On the whole, sports could not only affect the metabolism of Zn and Cu, but also affect the metabolism of free radicle. In addition, the metabolism of Zn and Cu closely relate with the metabolism of free radicle. During exercise, the distribution of Cu and Zn in SD rat changed and the distribution of speciation of the Cu and Zn in serum of SD rat also changed. Those changes meet body’s satisfaction of energy and material but cause decrease of capability of antioxidation. A lot of free radicles produced during exercise could cause sports fatigue.
剧烈的运动过程中自由基生成增多,损伤了多种细胞的正常机能是导致运动性疲劳的一种原因【1】。因此,我们推测抗氧化剂对运动性疲劳有防护作用。事实上越来越多的研究证明,服用抗氧化剂有助于提高机体运动能力,延缓运动性疲劳的产生【2】。微量元素铜、锌作为机体的必需微量元素,其中一个重要的生理作用是抗氧化。在运动医学领域,运动员经常服用一定剂量的微量元素铜、锌。另外,龚书明【3】等研究发现锌强化的茶叶具有很好的抗疲劳作用。但也有相当一部分研究显示补充微量元素铜、锌并不能提高机体运动能力【4-5】。目前,我们对机体运动,微量元素铜、锌营养,以及自由基的代谢之间的关系尚不清楚,因此,对是否服用一定量的铜、锌抗氧化、抗疲劳存在争议。阐明运动、铜、锌营养、机体氧自由基代谢三者的关系对解释微量元素铜、锌在抗疲劳中的作用及营养需要具有十分总要的现实意义。
本研究采用10天递增负荷的游泳运动方式建立SD大鼠运动疲劳模型,观察大鼠机体抗氧化能力和氧化损伤情况,采用原子吸收光谱法测量实验组和对照组SD大鼠肝、肾、骨骼肌、血清铜、锌含量,采用分子生物学技术和原子吸收光谱法测量两组SD大鼠血清不同化学形态铜、锌含量,并分析两组SD大鼠机体铜、锌含量及相应形态含量变化与机体抗氧化能力和氧化损伤情况的相关性。
本研究的主要结论如下:
1.运动性疲劳时SD大鼠体内微量元素铜、锌的分布发生变化:与正常大鼠相比,运动性疲劳大鼠肝组织和血清铜含量增加(P<0.05),骨骼肌铜含量减少(P<0.05),肾脏组织铜变化不明显(P>0.05);运动性疲劳大鼠肝组织锌含量增加(P<0.05),血清、骨骼肌锌含量减少(P<0.05),肾脏组织锌变化不明显(P>0.05)。
2.运动性疲劳时SD大鼠体内抗氧化能力下降:与正常大鼠相比,运动性疲劳大鼠肝、肾、骨骼肌、血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性明显下降(P<0.05);体内氧化损伤增加,较正常大鼠,运动性疲劳大鼠肝、肾、血清中丙二醛含量增加(P<0.05)。骨骼肌中丙二醛含量变化不明显(P>0.05)。
3.SD大鼠体内微量元素铜、锌含量变化与其抗氧化能力有一定的相关性:肝脏中铜、锌含量增加,但其与肝脏抗氧化损伤能力相关性不明显(P>0.05);血清锌含量减少与血清抗氧化能力呈明显正相关(P<0.05),血清铜含量增加与血清抗氧化能力呈负相关(P<0.05);骨骼肌铜、锌的含量减少与骨骼肌的抗氧化能力呈正相关(P<0.05);肾脏铜、锌的含量无明显变化与铜、锌的抗氧化能力无明显相关性(P>0.05)。
4.建立了血清铜、锌元素这两种化学形态的分离分析方法,并讨论了有关的实验条件。该方法铜、锌的检出限分别为9.84×10-3μg·ml-1、1.06×10-3 g·ml-1,相对标准偏差为0.34%～2.31%,回收率为95.0%～103.0%。结果显示该方法灵敏,准确,可靠,可以用于血清中铜、锌元素的形态测定。
5.运动性疲劳时SD大鼠血清微量元素铜、锌的化学形态分布变化与其抗氧化能力相关:疲劳大鼠血清中铜总量以及结合与非结合态含量均较正常大鼠增加(P<0.05),血清中锌总量以及结合与非结合态的含量均较正常大鼠减少(P<0.05)。血清中各种化学形态锌含量减少与其抗氧化能力呈正相关(P<0.05),与此相反,血清中各种化学形态铜含量增加与其抗氧化能力呈负相关(P<0.05)。
综上所述,运动既可影响铜、锌代谢,又可影响自由基代谢,而铜、锌代谢则与自由基代谢关系密切。运动时机体微量元素铜、锌的分布不仅发生变化,它们的化学形态分布也发生变化,这些变化是机体对运动的反应,保证了运动时机体的能量代谢、物质准备,但这种分布的变化导致机体内铜、锌抗氧化的生物效应下降,致使运动时产生的大量自由机不能有效、及时被灭活,从而进一步对机体的运动能力和生理功能产生重大影响,即运动对自由基代谢的影响受到铜、锌等营养因素的制约,这可能是运动产生疲劳的原因之一。
In Modern war and military training and performance, officers and soldiers usually have suffered from sports fatigue because long-time work or over loading training make their physical output and mental burden increased. sports fatigue can affect military training, performance and even military power. Anti-sports-fatigue is based on study on sports fatigue mechanism. So within the military medical domain, more and more researchers think highly of sports fatigue mechanism.
Free Radicle is one of major factors in the sports fatigue. Free radicle which is produced during breather can attack other molecules in the body in order to grab an electron and damag the "healthy' molecule, which could cause cellular function abnormal. Therefore, we infer that addition of antioxidants can anti-fatigue. In fact, numerous animal experiments have demonstrated that the addition of antioxidants can improve locomotivity and postpone sports fatigue. Trace element Cu and Zn which belong to essential trace element of body play a very important role in antioxygen of body. Within sports medicine domain, the antioxidative potential of Zn and Cu was studied on restraint sports fatigue induced oxidant/pro-oxidant status. Everyday many athletes usually have supplementation with certain dosage of Zn and Cu in order to decrease sports fatigue and improve locomotivity. however, many studies have suggested that supplementation with Zn and Cu does not could decrease sports fatigue and improve locomotivity. Whether supplementation with Zn and Cu could decrease sports fatigue and improve locomotivity is still a matter of debate. So this is an important area for future research. Elucidation of the relationship of sports fatigue, free radicle metabolism and Zn、Cu nutrition is very significant for us to understand affect of trace element Zn and Cu to sports fatigue and decide nutrition requirement.
In our research, the model of sports fatigued SD rats were established by ten days loading-increasing swimming exercise. Antioxidant capacity and the degree of oxidative damage of SD rat were observed.The Cu and Zn in liver,kidney skeletal ,muscle,serum of the SD rat were were analyzed by Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). speciation of the Cu and Zn in serum were analyzed by molecularbiology technology and AAS. At last, Relationship among trace Elements Cu and Zn , speciation of the Cu and Zn in serum and Metabolism of Free Radicl in SD Rat were analyzed.
The main findings of the study are as follows:
1.Under sports fatigued condition, the distribution of Cu and Zn in SD rat changed. The amount of Cu in the liver and serum of fatigued SD rat were increased compared with normal rats(P <0.05). The change of Zn in liver was also increased ,but the change of Zn in serum was opposite(P <0.05). The amount of Cu and Zn were decrease in the skeletal muscle(P <0.05) and did not change in the kidney compared with normal rats(P>0.05).
2.Under sports fatigued condition, antioxidant capacity of SD rat decreases. The activities of SOD in liver,kidney,skeletal muscle,serum were significantly lower and beside skeletal muscle the levels of MDA in tissue were significantly higher than control group(P <0.05).
3.Under sports fatigued condition, the distribution of Cu and Zn in SD rat relates with antioxidant capacity. There are relationship between trace elements Cu,Zn and capability of antioxidation in the liver,skeletal muscle,serum of fatigued SD rat(P <0.05).
4.A method was developed for speciation analysis of the Cu and Zn in serum. The detection limit of Cu in serum by the method is in the range 9.84×10-3μg·mL-1. For Zn, The detection limit is in the range 1.06×10-3μg·mL-1,The percentage recovery of trace elements Cu and Zn by the proposed procedure is in the range 95.0～103.0%. The relative standard deviation(RSD) of trace elements Cu and Zn in the serum is in the range 0.34%～2.31%.
5. Under sports fatigued condition, the distribution of speciation of the Cu and Zn in serum of SD rat changed , which relates with capability of antioxidation of serum. The amount of forms of total, combination and non combination of Zn in the Serum of fatigued SD rat were increased compared with normal rats(P <0.05), but the changes of Cu were opposite. There are relationship among all kinds of forms of trace elements Cu, Zn and capability of antioxidation in the serum of sports fatigued SD rat(P <0.05).
On the whole, sports could not only affect the metabolism of Zn and Cu, but also affect the metabolism of free radicle. In addition, the metabolism of Zn and Cu closely relate with the metabolism of free radicle. During exercise, the distribution of Cu and Zn in SD rat changed and the distribution of speciation of the Cu and Zn in serum of SD rat also changed. Those changes meet body’s satisfaction of energy and material but cause decrease of capability of antioxidation. A lot of free radicles produced during exercise could cause sports fatigue.
引文
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