基于遥感的南四湖水质监测及评价研究
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摘要
南水北调工程是我国解决北方地区水资源严重短缺问题的特大基础设施工程,南四湖作为南水北调东线工程中重要的输水通道和调蓄湖泊,其水质状况直接影响着调水水质的优劣。
水质监测是流域水污染控制规划和水污染控制工作的基础。目前较常用的人工水质监测方法虽然能够做出精确的分析和评价,但存在着自身无法克服的缺点,费时、费力、不经济且采样点数目和采样的次数都是有限的,监测结果往往不能全面、整体地反映整个水体的水环境质量。遥感水质监测具有范围广、速度快、可周期性连续监测的特点,能够弥补传统人工监测和利用数学模型模拟水质的缺陷和不足。因此,采用遥感技术进行水质监测和评价研究,对南四湖流域水污染控制规划和水污染控制工作的开展是十分必要的。
论文在总结分析国内外已有遥感水质监测理论、技术和方法的基础上,以研究相对成熟的叶绿素a和悬浮物作为监测指标,利用从中国遥感卫星地面站订购的覆盖整个南四湖湖区的Landsat5 TM遥感数据,对南四湖水体进行了水质监测与评价研究。
论文在对南四湖流域自然、社会和污染现状进行调查的基础上,确定了南四湖叶绿素a和悬浮物监测计划并进行了监测;对与采样准同步获取的遥感数据进行了预处理;通过对水质参数的光谱特征分析和遥感数据与实测数据之间的Pearson相关分析,构建了南四湖水体叶绿素a和悬浮物的反演模型,并应用模型对南四湖水体中叶绿素a和悬浮物进行了反演与评价研究;同时,采用卡尔森指数对南四湖水体的富营养化程度及分布规律进行了研究。研究结果表明:
1)南四湖上级湖叶绿素a浓度较高,浓度范围主要在0-60ug/L之间;下级湖叶绿素a浓度相对较低,浓度范围主要在0-15ug/L之间。
2)南四湖上级湖悬浮物浓度较高,浓度范围主要在0-60mg/L之间;下级湖悬浮物浓度相对较低,浓度范围主要在5-30mg/L之间。
3)南四湖整个湖区已大面积出现富营养化现象,其中上级湖较为严重,大部分湖区出现中度富营养化现象;下级湖富营养化程度总体好于上级湖,整个湖区的营养程度主要处于贫营养和中营养状态,但微山湖的中部和北岸部分湖区出现轻度富营养现象。
总体研究表明,南四湖水体中叶绿素a和悬浮物总体含量较高,且水体已呈现富营养化状态。
South-to-North Water Diversion project is a cruicial infrastructure project to solve the severe water resource shortage in northern China. As an important water transfer path and storing lake on the east route of the South-to-North Water Transfer project, Nansi Lake influences the quality of the transferred water directly with its own water condition.
The plan for the waster pollution control conducted is based on water monitoring. The manual water monitoring used widely at present has its born deficiency that cannot be conquered. Although precise analysis and evaluation can be achieved, it is still time-consuming, not cost-effective and labor wasting. Meanwhile the limited number of sampling and the frequency make the monitoring result far from reflecting the real condition of the entire water body exactly. However, Using Remote Sensing methods to monitor the water quality has many advantages such as being prompt, highly-effective, cyclical continuous monitoring etc, it can make up for the disadvantages of the traditional manual monitoring and simulation of water quality by mathematical model. Therefore, it is necessary for the planning of water pollution control at Nansi Lake drainage area to adopt remote sensing technology for water monitoring.
Based on analyzing the domestic and foreign theory, technology and method of remote sensing water monitoring, Chlorophyll-a and Suspended solid are used as the monitoring indexes , and also the monitoring and evaluation of the water quality of Nansi Lake using the data of Landsat5 TM from China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station is demonstrated.
Based on the investigation on current condition of nature, society and pollution at Nansi Lake drainage area, a plan is drafted for monitoring the water quality of the lake, meanwhile, remote sensing synchronization data of monitoring sites are preconditioned. Based on spectral characteristics analysis of water quality parameters and Pearson correlation analysis between the remote sensing data and monitoring data, the inversion model of Chlorophyll-a and suspended solid of Nansi Lake water was constructed and used for inversion and evaluating the Chlorophyll-a and Suspended solid of Nansi Lake. In addition, the eutrophication level and distributing rules of Nansi Lake are evaluated using Tropic State Index. The research results show as follows:
1) The Chlorophyll-a concentration is within range of 0-60μg/L and 0-15μg/L in Up Lake and Down Lake, respectively, The Chlorophyll-a concentration in Down Lake is lower than that in Up Lak.
2) The Suspended solids concentrations range from 0-60μg/L and 5-30μg/L in Up Lake and in Down Lake, respectively. The suspended solids concentration in Down Lake is lower than that in Up Lake
3) Large area of the Nansi Lake is eutrophicated. The Eutrophication degree of Up Lake has been higher than Down Lake's, middle eutrophication phenomena has appeared in Large area of Up Lake. Large area of Down Lake has been in Oligotrophy and Mesotrophy degree, but the middle eutrophication phenomenon has appeared in northern area of the Weishan Lake.
In conclusion, the Chlorophyll-a and Suspended solids concentration are high in Nansi Lake and eutrophication has appeared.
水质监测是流域水污染控制规划和水污染控制工作的基础。目前较常用的人工水质监测方法虽然能够做出精确的分析和评价,但存在着自身无法克服的缺点,费时、费力、不经济且采样点数目和采样的次数都是有限的,监测结果往往不能全面、整体地反映整个水体的水环境质量。遥感水质监测具有范围广、速度快、可周期性连续监测的特点,能够弥补传统人工监测和利用数学模型模拟水质的缺陷和不足。因此,采用遥感技术进行水质监测和评价研究,对南四湖流域水污染控制规划和水污染控制工作的开展是十分必要的。
论文在总结分析国内外已有遥感水质监测理论、技术和方法的基础上,以研究相对成熟的叶绿素a和悬浮物作为监测指标,利用从中国遥感卫星地面站订购的覆盖整个南四湖湖区的Landsat5 TM遥感数据,对南四湖水体进行了水质监测与评价研究。
论文在对南四湖流域自然、社会和污染现状进行调查的基础上,确定了南四湖叶绿素a和悬浮物监测计划并进行了监测;对与采样准同步获取的遥感数据进行了预处理;通过对水质参数的光谱特征分析和遥感数据与实测数据之间的Pearson相关分析,构建了南四湖水体叶绿素a和悬浮物的反演模型,并应用模型对南四湖水体中叶绿素a和悬浮物进行了反演与评价研究;同时,采用卡尔森指数对南四湖水体的富营养化程度及分布规律进行了研究。研究结果表明:
1)南四湖上级湖叶绿素a浓度较高,浓度范围主要在0-60ug/L之间;下级湖叶绿素a浓度相对较低,浓度范围主要在0-15ug/L之间。
2)南四湖上级湖悬浮物浓度较高,浓度范围主要在0-60mg/L之间;下级湖悬浮物浓度相对较低,浓度范围主要在5-30mg/L之间。
3)南四湖整个湖区已大面积出现富营养化现象,其中上级湖较为严重,大部分湖区出现中度富营养化现象;下级湖富营养化程度总体好于上级湖,整个湖区的营养程度主要处于贫营养和中营养状态,但微山湖的中部和北岸部分湖区出现轻度富营养现象。
总体研究表明,南四湖水体中叶绿素a和悬浮物总体含量较高,且水体已呈现富营养化状态。
South-to-North Water Diversion project is a cruicial infrastructure project to solve the severe water resource shortage in northern China. As an important water transfer path and storing lake on the east route of the South-to-North Water Transfer project, Nansi Lake influences the quality of the transferred water directly with its own water condition.
The plan for the waster pollution control conducted is based on water monitoring. The manual water monitoring used widely at present has its born deficiency that cannot be conquered. Although precise analysis and evaluation can be achieved, it is still time-consuming, not cost-effective and labor wasting. Meanwhile the limited number of sampling and the frequency make the monitoring result far from reflecting the real condition of the entire water body exactly. However, Using Remote Sensing methods to monitor the water quality has many advantages such as being prompt, highly-effective, cyclical continuous monitoring etc, it can make up for the disadvantages of the traditional manual monitoring and simulation of water quality by mathematical model. Therefore, it is necessary for the planning of water pollution control at Nansi Lake drainage area to adopt remote sensing technology for water monitoring.
Based on analyzing the domestic and foreign theory, technology and method of remote sensing water monitoring, Chlorophyll-a and Suspended solid are used as the monitoring indexes , and also the monitoring and evaluation of the water quality of Nansi Lake using the data of Landsat5 TM from China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station is demonstrated.
Based on the investigation on current condition of nature, society and pollution at Nansi Lake drainage area, a plan is drafted for monitoring the water quality of the lake, meanwhile, remote sensing synchronization data of monitoring sites are preconditioned. Based on spectral characteristics analysis of water quality parameters and Pearson correlation analysis between the remote sensing data and monitoring data, the inversion model of Chlorophyll-a and suspended solid of Nansi Lake water was constructed and used for inversion and evaluating the Chlorophyll-a and Suspended solid of Nansi Lake. In addition, the eutrophication level and distributing rules of Nansi Lake are evaluated using Tropic State Index. The research results show as follows:
1) The Chlorophyll-a concentration is within range of 0-60μg/L and 0-15μg/L in Up Lake and Down Lake, respectively, The Chlorophyll-a concentration in Down Lake is lower than that in Up Lak.
2) The Suspended solids concentrations range from 0-60μg/L and 5-30μg/L in Up Lake and in Down Lake, respectively. The suspended solids concentration in Down Lake is lower than that in Up Lake
3) Large area of the Nansi Lake is eutrophicated. The Eutrophication degree of Up Lake has been higher than Down Lake's, middle eutrophication phenomena has appeared in Large area of Up Lake. Large area of Down Lake has been in Oligotrophy and Mesotrophy degree, but the middle eutrophication phenomenon has appeared in northern area of the Weishan Lake.
In conclusion, the Chlorophyll-a and Suspended solids concentration are high in Nansi Lake and eutrophication has appeared.
引文
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