新形势下的中非合作模式研究
|
摘要
进入21世纪以来,国际环境在上世纪90年代的基础上进一步发生了深刻的变化,全球化趋势进一步显现。中国在改革开放的近30年间,不断调整对外政策,综合国力和国际地位都得到明显提升,逐步向世界大国的行列跨进。近年来,非洲经济发展势头与过去相比,呈现上升趋势。但不容忽视的事实也摆在眼前,非洲国家在取得独立以后又进入了长期的战乱和动荡时期,非洲仍聚集着全世界50个最不发达国家中的34个。与此同时,非洲国家在谋求和平与发展方面所做的努力,又使之成为各种国际力量争取的对象。
冷战结束以来,中非合作模式逐渐改变了过去以政治合作为主,经济方面的合作以中方向非洲国家提供单方面的援助且主要服务于政治目的的格局,变为政治与经济合作并重,以互利共赢的经贸合作为主;合作中的意识形态因素逐渐淡化,合作层次、方式与途径日益丰富多样。非洲是中国外交政策的基本立足点之一,深入分析中非合作模式,总结其中的经验教训,关系到非洲八亿人的生存与福祉,关系到世界反贫困的进程,有助于我国对非洲各项政策的进一步制定,有利于提升中非合作水平,有利于维护发展中国家的共同利益,有利于公正、合理的国际政治经济新秩序的建立。
本文采用文献调查、案例分析、对比分析以及综合分析的研究方法。文章共分四部分。
第一部分:中非合作模式的内涵。这部分从政治、经济、文化三方面论述了中非合作模式在新形势下的新内涵,明确了本文对中非合作模式的研究范围。中国从中国人民和非洲人民的根本利益出发,与非洲国家建立和发展了政治上平等互信、经济上合作共赢、文化上交流互鉴的新型战略伙伴关系。这不仅有利于中非之间的根本利益,而且有利于促进世界的和平稳定与发展。
第二部分:中非合作模式的成因。该部分从中非合作的外部环境和双方各自利益诉求的角度归纳了中非合作模式的成因。首先,进入新世纪后,经济全球化趋势进一步加强,旧的国际政治经济秩序依然存在。这种情况下中非双方传统的合作模式已越来越显示出其局限性,双方必须顺应时代的发展,建立新的合作机制与模式。其次,为了满足外交战略和国家利益需求,中国需要利用一切可利用的资源,而非洲恰恰拥有巨大的可资利用的政治力量和各种资源。再次,对于大多数非洲国家来说,中国改革开放以来经济发展成就举世瞩目,他们希望借鉴中国的经验来加快自身的发展。与此同时,非洲一体化的进程不断加快,促使双方调整合作方式,新的合作模式应运而生。
第三部分:中非合作模式的特点及比较分析。这部分首先通过与传统中非合作模式的对比,归纳出中非合作模式新的时代特点,由反帝、反殖、反种族主义的合作转变到反对霸权主义和强权政治的合作;由以政治性援助为主的合作到务实、平等、互惠的合作;由单一的政治、经贸合作为主到全方位的合作;由双边合作到多边合作;由传统援助方式到管理合作、代管经营等新的合作方式。其次,深入分析了美国对非洲的“全面关注”政策以及欧盟更加趋于务实的非洲政策,在此基础上,得出西方大国与中国对非洲政策的不同之处。
第四部分:中非合作模式评析。这部分首先论述了中非合作模式的意义。中非双方加强磋商与团结合作,不仅有利于中国国际形象的树立,而且有利于非洲脱贫计划的实施。然而,中非合作模式的意义不仅仅局限于中非双边关系本身,还具有更广阔的世界意义。中非双方在政治上的合作有利于平衡欧美的控制,在经济上的合作则能够提供国际交流与合作平台。其次,分析了中非双方如何进一步建构中非合作模式,这一过程中既要妥善处理阻碍双方关系发展的消极因素,又要提高对非洲政策的有效性,将政策落到实处,还要进一步挖掘中非合作的潜力,为中非合作打造更加广阔的前景。
通过对中非合作模式的分析,我们可以看出,进入新世纪,虽然世界形势仍会发生各种变化,但中非友好合作关系必将继续向前发展。在全球化的今天,中非双方将在更大范围、更广领域、更高层次上展开合作。因此,在今后的合作中,我们应当注重资源开发的社会效益,树立经贸合作中的大国风范,同时,还要积极完善对非援助机制,并且增强非洲研究力量。
Since the 21st century, the international environment has had the deep transformation in the 1990s's foundation. The multipolarization tendency of international politics appears deeply. During more than 20 years, China continually readjust foreign policy under reform and open policy and stride in gradually to world power's ranks, the national strength and the international standing have promote obviously. In recent years, the African economic developed so fast and presents the trend of escalation. But the serious fact also suspends at present, the African countries entered the long-term war after their independence. Among the 50 undeveloped countries, there were still 34 in Africa. At the same time, the African countries have become the object which each international strength strives for, because of their seeking for peace and the development.
After the cold war, the China-Africa cooperation pattern changed gradually. In the past, the primarily pattern is political cooperation; economic cooperation is providing aid to Africa from China. Now, they pay equal attention to politics and the economic, ideology factor desalinates gradually, the cooperation level, method is bountiful day by day. Africa is one of the foreign basic policies of China. Analyzes the China-Africa cooperation pattern thoroughly and summarizes experience, relates the survivals and the blessing of African’s 800 million person, is helpful to the formulation of our Africa policy, is good to promoting the China-Africa cooperation level, is advantageous in maintaining the common interest of developing country, is helpful to establish the fairly and reasonable new international political and economic order.
In this paper, we have used the following research methods: document research, case analysis, comparison, synthesis. There are four main parts in the paper:
Part one: The connotation of China-Africa cooperation pattern. This part mainly introduced the connotation of China-Africa cooperation pattern on politics, the economy and the cultural, which established the research scope. China focuses on the Chinese people and the African people's fundamental interests establish and develop a new strategic partnership which“politics in the equal mutual confidence, economic in both-win cooperation and culture in exchange”. This is not only good to China’s and Africa’s interest, but also good to promote the world’s peace, stability and the development.
Part two: The causes of the China-Africa cooperation pattern. This part summarized the causes from the external environment and both of their benefit demand. First of all, after entering the new century, the trend of economic globalization has been strengthening, the old international political and economic order has still exist. In this situation, the traditional cooperation pattern has demonstrated its limitation more and more. Both China and Africa have to comply with the development, establish the new cooperation mechanism and the pattern. Secondly, in order to meet the diplomatic strategy and the national interest demand, China needs to use all available resources. Africa has enormous available political forces and all kinds of resources. The third, for most African countries, China’s economic development has been the focus of world attention since the reform and opening up, they hope to draw lessons from China's experience to speed up its own development. At the same time, Africa has speeded up the process of integration, this urges both sides to adjust the approaches to cooperation, and the new pattern of cooperation has emerged.
Part three: Characteristic of China-Africa cooperation pattern and the comparison with western countries. This part first compare the traditional cooperation pattern with the present one , induce the characteristic of China-Africa cooperation pattern under new situation, from counter-imperialism, anticolonialism, counter-nationalism to opposing hegemonism and power politics, from political aid to pragmatic, equal and mutually beneficial cooperation, from a single political, economic and trade cooperation to all-round cooperation, from bilateral cooperation to multilateral cooperation, from the traditional aid forms to new approaches. Then thoroughly analyzed the America’s“comprehensive attention”policy and European Union’s pragmatic policy to Africa. On this basis, draws the difference between western countries and China’s African policy.
Part four: Evaluation of China-Africa cooperation pattern. This part discusses the significance of the China-Africa cooperation pattern. Strengthening China-Africa consultation and cooperation, is not only good to the establishment of China's international image, but also helpful to Africa’s“out of poverty”plan. However, the significance of China-Africa cooperation pattern is not only limit to the bilateral relation itself, but also has the broader world significance. China and Africa’s political cooperation is helpful to resist Europe and America’s control, economic cooperation is good to provide platform for international cooperation. Secondly, analyzed how to conduct the cooperation pattern further. In this process, it is necessary to properly handle the negative factors between China and Africa, and increase the effectiveness of China’s policy toward Africa, enhance the validity. Also, we must further unearth the potential of China-Africa cooperation to make a broader prospect.
Through the China-Africa Cooperation pattern analysis, we can see that although the world situation will change in the new century, the China-Africa friendly cooperative relations will continue to advance. In today's globalized world, China and Africa will launch the cooperation in a greater scope, a broader field and at a higher level. Therefore, in the future cooperation, we should focus on the social benefits of resource development, establish the great nation manner in economic and trade cooperation, at the same time, we should also actively improve the assistance mechanisms, and enhance the African research forces.
冷战结束以来,中非合作模式逐渐改变了过去以政治合作为主,经济方面的合作以中方向非洲国家提供单方面的援助且主要服务于政治目的的格局,变为政治与经济合作并重,以互利共赢的经贸合作为主;合作中的意识形态因素逐渐淡化,合作层次、方式与途径日益丰富多样。非洲是中国外交政策的基本立足点之一,深入分析中非合作模式,总结其中的经验教训,关系到非洲八亿人的生存与福祉,关系到世界反贫困的进程,有助于我国对非洲各项政策的进一步制定,有利于提升中非合作水平,有利于维护发展中国家的共同利益,有利于公正、合理的国际政治经济新秩序的建立。
本文采用文献调查、案例分析、对比分析以及综合分析的研究方法。文章共分四部分。
第一部分:中非合作模式的内涵。这部分从政治、经济、文化三方面论述了中非合作模式在新形势下的新内涵,明确了本文对中非合作模式的研究范围。中国从中国人民和非洲人民的根本利益出发,与非洲国家建立和发展了政治上平等互信、经济上合作共赢、文化上交流互鉴的新型战略伙伴关系。这不仅有利于中非之间的根本利益,而且有利于促进世界的和平稳定与发展。
第二部分:中非合作模式的成因。该部分从中非合作的外部环境和双方各自利益诉求的角度归纳了中非合作模式的成因。首先,进入新世纪后,经济全球化趋势进一步加强,旧的国际政治经济秩序依然存在。这种情况下中非双方传统的合作模式已越来越显示出其局限性,双方必须顺应时代的发展,建立新的合作机制与模式。其次,为了满足外交战略和国家利益需求,中国需要利用一切可利用的资源,而非洲恰恰拥有巨大的可资利用的政治力量和各种资源。再次,对于大多数非洲国家来说,中国改革开放以来经济发展成就举世瞩目,他们希望借鉴中国的经验来加快自身的发展。与此同时,非洲一体化的进程不断加快,促使双方调整合作方式,新的合作模式应运而生。
第三部分:中非合作模式的特点及比较分析。这部分首先通过与传统中非合作模式的对比,归纳出中非合作模式新的时代特点,由反帝、反殖、反种族主义的合作转变到反对霸权主义和强权政治的合作;由以政治性援助为主的合作到务实、平等、互惠的合作;由单一的政治、经贸合作为主到全方位的合作;由双边合作到多边合作;由传统援助方式到管理合作、代管经营等新的合作方式。其次,深入分析了美国对非洲的“全面关注”政策以及欧盟更加趋于务实的非洲政策,在此基础上,得出西方大国与中国对非洲政策的不同之处。
第四部分:中非合作模式评析。这部分首先论述了中非合作模式的意义。中非双方加强磋商与团结合作,不仅有利于中国国际形象的树立,而且有利于非洲脱贫计划的实施。然而,中非合作模式的意义不仅仅局限于中非双边关系本身,还具有更广阔的世界意义。中非双方在政治上的合作有利于平衡欧美的控制,在经济上的合作则能够提供国际交流与合作平台。其次,分析了中非双方如何进一步建构中非合作模式,这一过程中既要妥善处理阻碍双方关系发展的消极因素,又要提高对非洲政策的有效性,将政策落到实处,还要进一步挖掘中非合作的潜力,为中非合作打造更加广阔的前景。
通过对中非合作模式的分析,我们可以看出,进入新世纪,虽然世界形势仍会发生各种变化,但中非友好合作关系必将继续向前发展。在全球化的今天,中非双方将在更大范围、更广领域、更高层次上展开合作。因此,在今后的合作中,我们应当注重资源开发的社会效益,树立经贸合作中的大国风范,同时,还要积极完善对非援助机制,并且增强非洲研究力量。
Since the 21st century, the international environment has had the deep transformation in the 1990s's foundation. The multipolarization tendency of international politics appears deeply. During more than 20 years, China continually readjust foreign policy under reform and open policy and stride in gradually to world power's ranks, the national strength and the international standing have promote obviously. In recent years, the African economic developed so fast and presents the trend of escalation. But the serious fact also suspends at present, the African countries entered the long-term war after their independence. Among the 50 undeveloped countries, there were still 34 in Africa. At the same time, the African countries have become the object which each international strength strives for, because of their seeking for peace and the development.
After the cold war, the China-Africa cooperation pattern changed gradually. In the past, the primarily pattern is political cooperation; economic cooperation is providing aid to Africa from China. Now, they pay equal attention to politics and the economic, ideology factor desalinates gradually, the cooperation level, method is bountiful day by day. Africa is one of the foreign basic policies of China. Analyzes the China-Africa cooperation pattern thoroughly and summarizes experience, relates the survivals and the blessing of African’s 800 million person, is helpful to the formulation of our Africa policy, is good to promoting the China-Africa cooperation level, is advantageous in maintaining the common interest of developing country, is helpful to establish the fairly and reasonable new international political and economic order.
In this paper, we have used the following research methods: document research, case analysis, comparison, synthesis. There are four main parts in the paper:
Part one: The connotation of China-Africa cooperation pattern. This part mainly introduced the connotation of China-Africa cooperation pattern on politics, the economy and the cultural, which established the research scope. China focuses on the Chinese people and the African people's fundamental interests establish and develop a new strategic partnership which“politics in the equal mutual confidence, economic in both-win cooperation and culture in exchange”. This is not only good to China’s and Africa’s interest, but also good to promote the world’s peace, stability and the development.
Part two: The causes of the China-Africa cooperation pattern. This part summarized the causes from the external environment and both of their benefit demand. First of all, after entering the new century, the trend of economic globalization has been strengthening, the old international political and economic order has still exist. In this situation, the traditional cooperation pattern has demonstrated its limitation more and more. Both China and Africa have to comply with the development, establish the new cooperation mechanism and the pattern. Secondly, in order to meet the diplomatic strategy and the national interest demand, China needs to use all available resources. Africa has enormous available political forces and all kinds of resources. The third, for most African countries, China’s economic development has been the focus of world attention since the reform and opening up, they hope to draw lessons from China's experience to speed up its own development. At the same time, Africa has speeded up the process of integration, this urges both sides to adjust the approaches to cooperation, and the new pattern of cooperation has emerged.
Part three: Characteristic of China-Africa cooperation pattern and the comparison with western countries. This part first compare the traditional cooperation pattern with the present one , induce the characteristic of China-Africa cooperation pattern under new situation, from counter-imperialism, anticolonialism, counter-nationalism to opposing hegemonism and power politics, from political aid to pragmatic, equal and mutually beneficial cooperation, from a single political, economic and trade cooperation to all-round cooperation, from bilateral cooperation to multilateral cooperation, from the traditional aid forms to new approaches. Then thoroughly analyzed the America’s“comprehensive attention”policy and European Union’s pragmatic policy to Africa. On this basis, draws the difference between western countries and China’s African policy.
Part four: Evaluation of China-Africa cooperation pattern. This part discusses the significance of the China-Africa cooperation pattern. Strengthening China-Africa consultation and cooperation, is not only good to the establishment of China's international image, but also helpful to Africa’s“out of poverty”plan. However, the significance of China-Africa cooperation pattern is not only limit to the bilateral relation itself, but also has the broader world significance. China and Africa’s political cooperation is helpful to resist Europe and America’s control, economic cooperation is good to provide platform for international cooperation. Secondly, analyzed how to conduct the cooperation pattern further. In this process, it is necessary to properly handle the negative factors between China and Africa, and increase the effectiveness of China’s policy toward Africa, enhance the validity. Also, we must further unearth the potential of China-Africa cooperation to make a broader prospect.
Through the China-Africa Cooperation pattern analysis, we can see that although the world situation will change in the new century, the China-Africa friendly cooperative relations will continue to advance. In today's globalized world, China and Africa will launch the cooperation in a greater scope, a broader field and at a higher level. Therefore, in the future cooperation, we should focus on the social benefits of resource development, establish the great nation manner in economic and trade cooperation, at the same time, we should also actively improve the assistance mechanisms, and enhance the African research forces.
引文
[1]胡锦涛.高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗——在中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会上的报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2007,10,15.
[2]叶继发.新世纪中非关系现状、特点及其趋势探析[D].广州:暨南大学,2007.
[3]张宏明.当前非洲学科研究的重大问题[J]. http://www.cass.net.cn/file/2005030133121.html.
[4]艾菲.《弘扬友谊深化合作全面推动中非关系新发展》[N].《人民日报》, 2006,6,14
[5]罗建波.非洲一体化与中非关系[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006,12
[6]李安山.主题讨论:中非关系——历史与现实[J].国际政治研究,2006,4:1-2.
[7]中非合作论坛中方磋商小组访问埃塞俄比亚http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/chn/zfyhj/t230112.htm
[8]中非外长首次政治磋商举行,48个非洲国外长出席http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqzg/2007-09/27/content_6139549.htm
[9]布隆迪国民议会希望加强与中国全国人大的关系http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/chn/zfyhj/t307539.htm
[10]中国最高人民检察院检察长贾春旺率团访问毛里求斯http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/chn/zfyhj/t311003.htm
[11]黑龙江省人大代表团与毛里求斯卡特邦市签署建立友好关系意向书http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/chn/zfyhj/t306302.htm
[12]非盟委员会主席科纳雷会见杨洁篪赞扬非中合作http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2008-01/11/content_855461.htm
[13]科纳雷会见翟隽表示非盟一贯重视与中国的合作http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2008-01/30/content_873822.htm
[14]中华人民共和国商务部网站http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/i/jyjl/k/200802/20080205380358.html
[15]中国统计年鉴2005[J].北京:中国统计出版社,2005
[16]经贸合作,成果斐然[N].人民日报,2006,1,13
[17]世银:非洲对中国出口急增http://www.tradeinfo.cn/detail.php?newId=86207
[18]艾菲.联合国发布报告:非洲成为亚洲对外直接投资重要目的地[J].国际经济合作,2007,4
[19]中非双边贸易额已经连续五年保持30%以上的增长http://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/gncj/news/2007/02-05/868416.shtml
[20]汪凌志.深化中非投资合作的对策思考[J].商场现代化,2007,9:8-9.
[21]非洲金融业迎来发展良机http://www.cfn.com.cn/Statics_pub/0202/295875.asp
[22]中国人民银行国际司.利用多边开发银行,推动中非金融合作深入发展[J].中国金融,2007,2:66-68.
[23]非洲期待与中国金融机构开展合作http://www.fdi.gov.cn/pub/FDI/tzdt/dt/t20070514_78240.htm?fclose=1
[24]我国和非行开展合作迅速发展http://www.sh.xinhuanet.com/zhuanti2006/2007-05/11/content_9996580.htm
[25]吴天锡.非洲农业大有可为[J].世界农业,2000,10(总258):8-10.
[26]中非农业合作大有可为http://www.agri.gov.cn/jjps/t20021008_11339.htm
[27]国家发改委网站.加强中非能源合作的初步构想http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/nyjt/gjjlyhz/t20060421_67092.htm
[28]靳平川.论中国开拓非洲石油市场的前景[J].山西高等学校社会科学学报,2006,8:34-37.
[29]中非携手共进共同发展http://world.people.com.cn/GB/41214/4024217.html
[30]中非文化交流概况http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/zf/426995.htm
[31]“纪念郑和下西洋600周年”展览在津巴布韦开幕http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2006-02/20/content_204866.htm
[32]中国与喀麦隆签署合建孔子学院协议http://www.china.com.cn/news/txt/2007-08/10/content_8659362.htm
[33]吴桥杂技留学生献艺"中非合作论坛" http://www.cnr.cn/zhuanti1/zflt/yhjl/200611/t20061108_504323475.html
[34]解飞.中国同非洲国家的文化交流与合作[J].西亚非洲,2006,6:59-61.
[35]辽宁民族艺术团在厄立特里亚演出引起轰动http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/chn/zfyhj/t265526.htm
[36]四川民族艺术团访问喀麦隆等三国取得成功http://www.ccnt.gov.cn/xwzx/whbdwwhjl/t20060825_29628.htm
[37]旅厄书法家张继方举办书画展http://www.zgshlm.com/Article/ShowInfo.asp?InfoID=2291
[38]李而炳.21世纪前期中国对外战略的选择[M].北京:时事出版社,2004
[39]张宏明.面向21世纪的中非政治合作[J].西亚非洲,2000,5:27-30.
[40]贺文萍.国际格局转换与中非关系[J].西亚非洲,2000,5:21-26.
[41]李而炳.21世纪前期中国对外战略的选择[M].北京:时事出版社,2004
[42]刘鸿武.论中非新型战略伙伴关系的时代价值与世界意义[J].外交评论,2007,1:14-21.
[43]为维护国家利益提供有力的战略支撑http://gfjy.0437.gov.cn/index/disparticle.asp?id=270
[44]叶继发.新世纪中非关系现状、特点及其趋势探析[D].广州:暨南大学,2007
[45]罗建波.如何理解中非新型战略伙伴关系[J].国际论坛,2007,5:31-36.
[46]罗建波.非洲一体化与中非关系[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006,12
[47]关于加强中非全方位合作的若干思考http://www.simic.net.cn/news/detail.jsp?id=7126
[48]田梅,韩玉贵.中非经济合作新阶段——互利共赢[J].山东理工大学学报(社会科学版),2007,6:25-28.
[49]邢玉春.西方大国对非洲政策新动向及其影响[J].国际问题研究,2006,6:25-29.
[50]李德芳.论冷战后美国对非洲政策的演变及其影响[D].济南:山东师范大学,2005
[51]何泰宇.“欧盟安全暨防卫政策之研究——以2003年刚果军事任务为例”[J].远景基金会季刊,第6卷第4期,2005,10
[52]王莺莺.对非洲形势与国际地位的再认识[J].国际问题研究,2006,6:19-24.
[53]卢徽.冷战后美国和法国对非洲政策及其比较[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2002
[54]邢玉春.西方大国对非洲政策新动向及其影响[J].国际问题研究,2006,6:25-29.
[55]潘志高,倪海宁.美国2006年度《国家安全战略》报告浅析[J].国际论坛,2006,4:18-23.
[56]中国对外经济贸易年鉴1993[M].北京:中国社会出版社,1993
[57]中国对外经济贸易年鉴1997/98 [M].北京:中国经济出版社,1997
[58]“Pan—Africa: China—Africa Trade Up 72 Percent”[J].Business in Africa( Johannesburg),August 3,2006
[59]张湘东.西方对中国非洲政策与实践的误读[J].和平与发展,2007,1:52-54.
[60]徐晋.非洲:中国对外战略中重要的一环[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2001,9:106-109.
[61]贺文萍.国际格局转换与中非关系[J].西亚非洲,2000,5:21-26.
[62]刘鸿武,罗建波.中非构建21世纪“新型战略伙伴关系”的特殊意义[J].国际观察,2001,6:50-54.
[63]张宏明.面向21世纪的中非政治合作[J].西亚非洲,2000,5:27-30.
[64]罗建波.中国对非洲外交视野中的国家形象塑造[J].现代国际关系,2007,7:48-54.
[65]夏吉生.中非合作与非洲脱贫[J].西亚非洲,2006,5:5-10.
[66]王洪一.中国非洲同迎新合作高潮[J].瞭望新闻周刊,2006,6:19
[67]西方经历误读中国三步曲http://news.163.com/07/0625/15/3HRFHVKD000120GU.html
[68]张湘东.西方对中国非洲政策与实践的误读[J].和平与发展,2007,1:52-54.
[69]李安山.论中国对非洲政策的调适与转变[J].西亚非洲,2006,8:11-20.
[70]罗建波.如何理解中非新型战略伙伴关系[J].国际论坛,2007,5:31-36.
[71]中国工人非洲安全调查http://kw.luckup.net/dddy/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=14708&Page=2
[72]曾强.稳步、健康发展的中非关系[J].中国党政干部论坛,2008,1:45-47.
[73]符常俊,于喜双.中非关系:从政治上相互支持到经济上互利共赢[J].和平与发展,2007,1:48-51.
[74]叶继发.新世纪中非关系现状、特点及其趋势探析[D].广州:暨南大学,2007
[75]张宏明.中国对非援助政策的沿革及其在中非关系中的作用[J].亚非纵横,2006,4:44-49.
[76]贺文萍.非洲研究亟须加强http://www.china.com.cn/international/txt/2007-03/31/content_8701670.htm
[1][英]托多夫著.肖宏宇译.非洲政府与政治(第四版)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2007,1.
[2]杨光.中东非洲发展报告NO.9:经济全球化对中东非洲的影响[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007,2.
[3]杨光,温伯友.当代西亚非洲国家社会保障制度[M].北京:法律出版社,2001,1.
[4]陆庭恩.非洲问题论集[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2005,1.
[5]杨光,温伯友.中东非洲发展报告NO.6:可持续发展问题[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003,11.
[6]北京大学非洲研究中心.非洲:变革与发展[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2002,11.
[7]周光泰.中非交往漫笔[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2003,10.
[8]袁武.1956-2006:CHINA and AFRICA[M].北京:五洲传播出版社,2006,9.
[9]北京大学非洲研究中心.中国与非洲[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2000,1.
[10]尤文·E·艾特.21世纪非洲可持续发展的问题和挑战[J].西亚非洲,1999,1:14-18.
[11]李智彪.非洲国家如何借鉴中国的发展经验[J].西亚非洲,2007,4:49-54.
[12]安春英.非洲贫困化与全球化[J].西亚非洲,2003,3:24-28.
[13]贺文萍.关于加强中非全方位合作的若干思考[J].西亚非洲,2006,8:21-27.
[14]曾强,王新影.当前非洲形势的主要特点[J].亚非纵横,2007,1:4-9.
[15]泽全.中国与非洲国家外交关系[J].世界农业,2006,10:21.
[16]菲燕.世纪之交的非洲对外政策动向[J].西亚非洲,1999,5:8-10.
[17][美]简-格曼·格罗斯.中国经济成功及对非洲的启示——可能性与局限性[J].西亚非洲,2006,1:25-31.
[18]安春英.非洲国家反贫困行动与中非合作[J].亚非纵横,2003,2.
[19]舒运国.中非经贸五十年(1949～2000)[D].上海:上海师范大学,2005.
[20]杨文昌.试析西方误读中国的三部曲[J].求是,2007,12:56-58.
[21]王莺莺.非洲新形势与中非关系[J].国际问题研究,2004,2:14-18.
[22]王磊.我国企业对非洲投资问题分析[J].商场现代化,2006,8:253-254.
[23]Adenikinju , Adeola F , Olugboyega Oyerant. Characteristics and Behaviour of African Factor Markets and Market Institutions and Their Consequences for Economic Growth[J].CID Working Paper no. 31, January 2000.
[24]http://www.cass.net.cn/file/2005030133121.html(2007-7-29)
[25]http://news.sina.com.cn/z/chinaafrica/(2007-7-29)
[26]http://paper.people.com.cn/hqsb/html/2007-03/29/content_12662827.htm (2007-07-29)
[27]http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/zf/426976.htm(2007-7-30)
[28]http://www.people.com.cn/GB/channel2/18/20000810/180912.html(2007-7-30)
[29]http://iwaas.cass.cn/show/show_fruit.asp?id=174(2007-7-30)
[30]http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/(2007-8-1)
[31]http://www.focac.org/chn/(2007-8-1)
[32]http://www.sinoir.com/(2007-8-1)
[33]http://allafrica.com/(2007-8-1)
[34]http://www.igad.org/(2007-8-1)
[35]http://www.africa-union.org/(2007-8-1)
[36]http://www.soas.ac.uk/(2007-8-1)
[37]http://africa.gov.harvard.edu/(2007-10-7)
[38]http://www.africa-research.org/mainframe.html(2007-12-1)
[39]http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/cn_zgwh/2006-11/06/content_88314.html (2007-12-1)
[40]http://hxtc.china.cn/overseas/txt/2007-04/30/content_8199585.htm(2007-11-15)
[41]http://gb.cri.cn/8606/2006/11/07/1745@1290474.htm(2007-12-10)
[42]http://www.shangwuw.com/html/zgyz/20073272044496.html(2007-12-3)
[2]叶继发.新世纪中非关系现状、特点及其趋势探析[D].广州:暨南大学,2007.
[3]张宏明.当前非洲学科研究的重大问题[J]. http://www.cass.net.cn/file/2005030133121.html.
[4]艾菲.《弘扬友谊深化合作全面推动中非关系新发展》[N].《人民日报》, 2006,6,14
[5]罗建波.非洲一体化与中非关系[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006,12
[6]李安山.主题讨论:中非关系——历史与现实[J].国际政治研究,2006,4:1-2.
[7]中非合作论坛中方磋商小组访问埃塞俄比亚http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/chn/zfyhj/t230112.htm
[8]中非外长首次政治磋商举行,48个非洲国外长出席http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqzg/2007-09/27/content_6139549.htm
[9]布隆迪国民议会希望加强与中国全国人大的关系http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/chn/zfyhj/t307539.htm
[10]中国最高人民检察院检察长贾春旺率团访问毛里求斯http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/chn/zfyhj/t311003.htm
[11]黑龙江省人大代表团与毛里求斯卡特邦市签署建立友好关系意向书http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/chn/zfyhj/t306302.htm
[12]非盟委员会主席科纳雷会见杨洁篪赞扬非中合作http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2008-01/11/content_855461.htm
[13]科纳雷会见翟隽表示非盟一贯重视与中国的合作http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2008-01/30/content_873822.htm
[14]中华人民共和国商务部网站http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/i/jyjl/k/200802/20080205380358.html
[15]中国统计年鉴2005[J].北京:中国统计出版社,2005
[16]经贸合作,成果斐然[N].人民日报,2006,1,13
[17]世银:非洲对中国出口急增http://www.tradeinfo.cn/detail.php?newId=86207
[18]艾菲.联合国发布报告:非洲成为亚洲对外直接投资重要目的地[J].国际经济合作,2007,4
[19]中非双边贸易额已经连续五年保持30%以上的增长http://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/gncj/news/2007/02-05/868416.shtml
[20]汪凌志.深化中非投资合作的对策思考[J].商场现代化,2007,9:8-9.
[21]非洲金融业迎来发展良机http://www.cfn.com.cn/Statics_pub/0202/295875.asp
[22]中国人民银行国际司.利用多边开发银行,推动中非金融合作深入发展[J].中国金融,2007,2:66-68.
[23]非洲期待与中国金融机构开展合作http://www.fdi.gov.cn/pub/FDI/tzdt/dt/t20070514_78240.htm?fclose=1
[24]我国和非行开展合作迅速发展http://www.sh.xinhuanet.com/zhuanti2006/2007-05/11/content_9996580.htm
[25]吴天锡.非洲农业大有可为[J].世界农业,2000,10(总258):8-10.
[26]中非农业合作大有可为http://www.agri.gov.cn/jjps/t20021008_11339.htm
[27]国家发改委网站.加强中非能源合作的初步构想http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/nyjt/gjjlyhz/t20060421_67092.htm
[28]靳平川.论中国开拓非洲石油市场的前景[J].山西高等学校社会科学学报,2006,8:34-37.
[29]中非携手共进共同发展http://world.people.com.cn/GB/41214/4024217.html
[30]中非文化交流概况http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/zf/426995.htm
[31]“纪念郑和下西洋600周年”展览在津巴布韦开幕http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2006-02/20/content_204866.htm
[32]中国与喀麦隆签署合建孔子学院协议http://www.china.com.cn/news/txt/2007-08/10/content_8659362.htm
[33]吴桥杂技留学生献艺"中非合作论坛" http://www.cnr.cn/zhuanti1/zflt/yhjl/200611/t20061108_504323475.html
[34]解飞.中国同非洲国家的文化交流与合作[J].西亚非洲,2006,6:59-61.
[35]辽宁民族艺术团在厄立特里亚演出引起轰动http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/chn/zfyhj/t265526.htm
[36]四川民族艺术团访问喀麦隆等三国取得成功http://www.ccnt.gov.cn/xwzx/whbdwwhjl/t20060825_29628.htm
[37]旅厄书法家张继方举办书画展http://www.zgshlm.com/Article/ShowInfo.asp?InfoID=2291
[38]李而炳.21世纪前期中国对外战略的选择[M].北京:时事出版社,2004
[39]张宏明.面向21世纪的中非政治合作[J].西亚非洲,2000,5:27-30.
[40]贺文萍.国际格局转换与中非关系[J].西亚非洲,2000,5:21-26.
[41]李而炳.21世纪前期中国对外战略的选择[M].北京:时事出版社,2004
[42]刘鸿武.论中非新型战略伙伴关系的时代价值与世界意义[J].外交评论,2007,1:14-21.
[43]为维护国家利益提供有力的战略支撑http://gfjy.0437.gov.cn/index/disparticle.asp?id=270
[44]叶继发.新世纪中非关系现状、特点及其趋势探析[D].广州:暨南大学,2007
[45]罗建波.如何理解中非新型战略伙伴关系[J].国际论坛,2007,5:31-36.
[46]罗建波.非洲一体化与中非关系[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006,12
[47]关于加强中非全方位合作的若干思考http://www.simic.net.cn/news/detail.jsp?id=7126
[48]田梅,韩玉贵.中非经济合作新阶段——互利共赢[J].山东理工大学学报(社会科学版),2007,6:25-28.
[49]邢玉春.西方大国对非洲政策新动向及其影响[J].国际问题研究,2006,6:25-29.
[50]李德芳.论冷战后美国对非洲政策的演变及其影响[D].济南:山东师范大学,2005
[51]何泰宇.“欧盟安全暨防卫政策之研究——以2003年刚果军事任务为例”[J].远景基金会季刊,第6卷第4期,2005,10
[52]王莺莺.对非洲形势与国际地位的再认识[J].国际问题研究,2006,6:19-24.
[53]卢徽.冷战后美国和法国对非洲政策及其比较[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2002
[54]邢玉春.西方大国对非洲政策新动向及其影响[J].国际问题研究,2006,6:25-29.
[55]潘志高,倪海宁.美国2006年度《国家安全战略》报告浅析[J].国际论坛,2006,4:18-23.
[56]中国对外经济贸易年鉴1993[M].北京:中国社会出版社,1993
[57]中国对外经济贸易年鉴1997/98 [M].北京:中国经济出版社,1997
[58]“Pan—Africa: China—Africa Trade Up 72 Percent”[J].Business in Africa( Johannesburg),August 3,2006
[59]张湘东.西方对中国非洲政策与实践的误读[J].和平与发展,2007,1:52-54.
[60]徐晋.非洲:中国对外战略中重要的一环[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2001,9:106-109.
[61]贺文萍.国际格局转换与中非关系[J].西亚非洲,2000,5:21-26.
[62]刘鸿武,罗建波.中非构建21世纪“新型战略伙伴关系”的特殊意义[J].国际观察,2001,6:50-54.
[63]张宏明.面向21世纪的中非政治合作[J].西亚非洲,2000,5:27-30.
[64]罗建波.中国对非洲外交视野中的国家形象塑造[J].现代国际关系,2007,7:48-54.
[65]夏吉生.中非合作与非洲脱贫[J].西亚非洲,2006,5:5-10.
[66]王洪一.中国非洲同迎新合作高潮[J].瞭望新闻周刊,2006,6:19
[67]西方经历误读中国三步曲http://news.163.com/07/0625/15/3HRFHVKD000120GU.html
[68]张湘东.西方对中国非洲政策与实践的误读[J].和平与发展,2007,1:52-54.
[69]李安山.论中国对非洲政策的调适与转变[J].西亚非洲,2006,8:11-20.
[70]罗建波.如何理解中非新型战略伙伴关系[J].国际论坛,2007,5:31-36.
[71]中国工人非洲安全调查http://kw.luckup.net/dddy/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=14708&Page=2
[72]曾强.稳步、健康发展的中非关系[J].中国党政干部论坛,2008,1:45-47.
[73]符常俊,于喜双.中非关系:从政治上相互支持到经济上互利共赢[J].和平与发展,2007,1:48-51.
[74]叶继发.新世纪中非关系现状、特点及其趋势探析[D].广州:暨南大学,2007
[75]张宏明.中国对非援助政策的沿革及其在中非关系中的作用[J].亚非纵横,2006,4:44-49.
[76]贺文萍.非洲研究亟须加强http://www.china.com.cn/international/txt/2007-03/31/content_8701670.htm
[1][英]托多夫著.肖宏宇译.非洲政府与政治(第四版)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2007,1.
[2]杨光.中东非洲发展报告NO.9:经济全球化对中东非洲的影响[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007,2.
[3]杨光,温伯友.当代西亚非洲国家社会保障制度[M].北京:法律出版社,2001,1.
[4]陆庭恩.非洲问题论集[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2005,1.
[5]杨光,温伯友.中东非洲发展报告NO.6:可持续发展问题[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003,11.
[6]北京大学非洲研究中心.非洲:变革与发展[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2002,11.
[7]周光泰.中非交往漫笔[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2003,10.
[8]袁武.1956-2006:CHINA and AFRICA[M].北京:五洲传播出版社,2006,9.
[9]北京大学非洲研究中心.中国与非洲[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2000,1.
[10]尤文·E·艾特.21世纪非洲可持续发展的问题和挑战[J].西亚非洲,1999,1:14-18.
[11]李智彪.非洲国家如何借鉴中国的发展经验[J].西亚非洲,2007,4:49-54.
[12]安春英.非洲贫困化与全球化[J].西亚非洲,2003,3:24-28.
[13]贺文萍.关于加强中非全方位合作的若干思考[J].西亚非洲,2006,8:21-27.
[14]曾强,王新影.当前非洲形势的主要特点[J].亚非纵横,2007,1:4-9.
[15]泽全.中国与非洲国家外交关系[J].世界农业,2006,10:21.
[16]菲燕.世纪之交的非洲对外政策动向[J].西亚非洲,1999,5:8-10.
[17][美]简-格曼·格罗斯.中国经济成功及对非洲的启示——可能性与局限性[J].西亚非洲,2006,1:25-31.
[18]安春英.非洲国家反贫困行动与中非合作[J].亚非纵横,2003,2.
[19]舒运国.中非经贸五十年(1949～2000)[D].上海:上海师范大学,2005.
[20]杨文昌.试析西方误读中国的三部曲[J].求是,2007,12:56-58.
[21]王莺莺.非洲新形势与中非关系[J].国际问题研究,2004,2:14-18.
[22]王磊.我国企业对非洲投资问题分析[J].商场现代化,2006,8:253-254.
[23]Adenikinju , Adeola F , Olugboyega Oyerant. Characteristics and Behaviour of African Factor Markets and Market Institutions and Their Consequences for Economic Growth[J].CID Working Paper no. 31, January 2000.
[24]http://www.cass.net.cn/file/2005030133121.html(2007-7-29)
[25]http://news.sina.com.cn/z/chinaafrica/(2007-7-29)
[26]http://paper.people.com.cn/hqsb/html/2007-03/29/content_12662827.htm (2007-07-29)
[27]http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/zf/426976.htm(2007-7-30)
[28]http://www.people.com.cn/GB/channel2/18/20000810/180912.html(2007-7-30)
[29]http://iwaas.cass.cn/show/show_fruit.asp?id=174(2007-7-30)
[30]http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/(2007-8-1)
[31]http://www.focac.org/chn/(2007-8-1)
[32]http://www.sinoir.com/(2007-8-1)
[33]http://allafrica.com/(2007-8-1)
[34]http://www.igad.org/(2007-8-1)
[35]http://www.africa-union.org/(2007-8-1)
[36]http://www.soas.ac.uk/(2007-8-1)
[37]http://africa.gov.harvard.edu/(2007-10-7)
[38]http://www.africa-research.org/mainframe.html(2007-12-1)
[39]http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/cn_zgwh/2006-11/06/content_88314.html (2007-12-1)
[40]http://hxtc.china.cn/overseas/txt/2007-04/30/content_8199585.htm(2007-11-15)
[41]http://gb.cri.cn/8606/2006/11/07/1745@1290474.htm(2007-12-10)
[42]http://www.shangwuw.com/html/zgyz/20073272044496.html(2007-12-3)
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |