黄河淤泥承重烧结多孔砖的试验研究
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摘要
在中国的承重墙体材料中，实心粘土砖仍占据主要地位。它作为传统的墙体材料在中国已有数千年的历史。随着社会的进步，当今使用实心粘土砖建造的砌体结构房屋已不能满足国家对民用建筑强制性节能的要求。因此，国家八部委联合发文限时禁止使用实心粘土砖。根据当地地域和经济环境特点，研发新型墙体材料特别是新型承重墙体材料迫在眉睫。
通过对郑州段沿黄现场调查研究，了解到黄河淤泥是黄河冲击黄土高原携带大量泥砂至黄河下游，由于流速渐缓沉积落淤而形成的一种砂性土壤。本文通过一系列试验测得黄河淤泥的物理性能与化学成分，并与粘土相比较，得出其异同点及变化规律。然后初选了粘土、粉煤灰、有机粘合剂等作为外加剂，进行不同配合比条件下的材性试验和分析。可知这几种外加剂对黄河淤泥各种特性有着不同程度的影响。为此，本实验利用黄河淤泥、粘土的组合，黄河淤泥、粘土、粉煤灰的组合，黄河淤泥、粉煤灰、有机粘合剂的组合，设计了几种掺入外加剂的配合比方案。
从生产组织、经营管理、生产工艺装备的选择、建设投入产出比等进行综合分析，兼顾建筑设计要求、现有生产工艺条件和施工方法等多方面来综合考虑，最终确定19个圆形孔多孔砖规格为240mm×115mm×90mm，符合GB13544-2000《烧结多孔砖》标准中的尺寸要求，同时又便于设计施工。
本课题在样本制作阶段，采用轮窑烧制，通过合理的生产工艺流程及处理原料方案，对物料的含水率、坯体的干燥、码窑和焙烧温度控制，生产出不同配合比的黄河淤泥承重烧结多孔砖成品。
配料方案选择既要考虑到产品的生产成本，同时还要使产品的生产工艺流程简单化，充分保证产品的质量。并根据不同配方、不同外加剂的坯料可塑性指数分析和产品的抗压强度试验等综合研究，首先选择了A_5配方预作为规模生产的配料方案，并对其产品的各项性能指标(抗压、冻融性、泛霜、石灰爆裂等)进行试验，由试验结果可知，黄河淤泥承重烧结多孔砖抗压强度为11.0MPa，达到MU10强度等级要求，各项指标均符合GB13544—2000《烧结多孔砖》要求，可以代替实心粘土砖用于承重墙。并且符合开发地域资源、满足建筑结构和建筑节能的要求，黄河淤泥多孔砖的研究开发可望形成与沿黄地段建筑行业现代化要求相适应的主导产品系列之一。
Solid clay brick still prevails in the load-bearing wall materials in china. It has thousands of years' history as conventional wall material in china. With the social progress, brickworks that employ solid clay brick haven't already met the requirement of energy-saving building. Therefore, the government proclaims solid clay bricks will be prohibited to use in designated time. According to local condition and the characteristic of economic circumstances, it is imperative to develop new-type wall materials, especially new-type load-bearing wall materials.
The resource of the silt is researched in the terrain on the bank of the Yellow River in Zhengzhou Henan. We know the Yellow River silt is a sort of sand soil that is formed due to decrescent velocity of flow to be filled up while the Yellow River impacts loess altiplano and take plenty of loam sand to lower reaches of the Yellow River. We get physical and chemical performance of the Yellow River silt by experimenting on this paper with which the clay compares in order to find similarities and differences, changing regulation of the silt. Thus some additives are selected firstly such as the clay, fly ash, organic bond so that we make experimentation and analysis for the performances of the materials in different mixture ratio. It is obvious that the additives have an influence on some performances of the Yellow River silt in certain degrees. Basic schemes in different mixture ratio are designed by admixture of the Yellow River silt and the clay, intermixture of the Yellow River silt, fly ash and the clay as
well as blending of the Yellow River silt, fly ash and organic bond.
We analyze synthetically production-lines, enterprise management, production equipment, the ratio of investment and output, as well as consider building design require, existing process condition and construction means. Finally perforated brick standard is chosen as 240mmxll5mmx90mm with 19 circular holes each performance of it accords with the criterions of GB13544-2000 Simultaneously, the standard is convenient for design and construction.
The product is baked by chamber kiln during the production experiment. We can control water ratio of mixing material, dryness of brick piece, putting them in the chamber
and baking temperature through rational production process and the treatment for raw material so that load-bearing perforated bricks made from the Yellow River silt are produced in different mixture ratio.
Basic schemes in different mixture ratio consider production cost, at the same time, make production process simple and prone to control, as well as ensure product quality. Also the experiment is made for the plastic indexes of the materials in different mixture ratio and compressive intensity of the products. Therefore, AS scheme is used as mixture schemes of production on a large scale. Experiment is made for compressive intensity, water absorption, lime crack, freezing and thawing performance and so on of product. The compressive intensity of the product reaches 11.0MPa which meets the requirement of MU10 intensity grade. The main property index accords with the demands of GB13544-2000 The perforated brick can be used in load-bearing wall instead of Solid clay brick which can exploit tract resources, meet the demands of building construction and energy-saving building. The study and exploitation of perforated brick made from the Yellow River silt will be likely to form one of dom
inant products that are consistent with the requirement of modernization of residential industry in the terrain on the bank of the Yellow River.
通过对郑州段沿黄现场调查研究，了解到黄河淤泥是黄河冲击黄土高原携带大量泥砂至黄河下游，由于流速渐缓沉积落淤而形成的一种砂性土壤。本文通过一系列试验测得黄河淤泥的物理性能与化学成分，并与粘土相比较，得出其异同点及变化规律。然后初选了粘土、粉煤灰、有机粘合剂等作为外加剂，进行不同配合比条件下的材性试验和分析。可知这几种外加剂对黄河淤泥各种特性有着不同程度的影响。为此，本实验利用黄河淤泥、粘土的组合，黄河淤泥、粘土、粉煤灰的组合，黄河淤泥、粉煤灰、有机粘合剂的组合，设计了几种掺入外加剂的配合比方案。
从生产组织、经营管理、生产工艺装备的选择、建设投入产出比等进行综合分析，兼顾建筑设计要求、现有生产工艺条件和施工方法等多方面来综合考虑，最终确定19个圆形孔多孔砖规格为240mm×115mm×90mm，符合GB13544-2000《烧结多孔砖》标准中的尺寸要求，同时又便于设计施工。
本课题在样本制作阶段，采用轮窑烧制，通过合理的生产工艺流程及处理原料方案，对物料的含水率、坯体的干燥、码窑和焙烧温度控制，生产出不同配合比的黄河淤泥承重烧结多孔砖成品。
配料方案选择既要考虑到产品的生产成本，同时还要使产品的生产工艺流程简单化，充分保证产品的质量。并根据不同配方、不同外加剂的坯料可塑性指数分析和产品的抗压强度试验等综合研究，首先选择了A_5配方预作为规模生产的配料方案，并对其产品的各项性能指标(抗压、冻融性、泛霜、石灰爆裂等)进行试验，由试验结果可知，黄河淤泥承重烧结多孔砖抗压强度为11.0MPa，达到MU10强度等级要求，各项指标均符合GB13544—2000《烧结多孔砖》要求，可以代替实心粘土砖用于承重墙。并且符合开发地域资源、满足建筑结构和建筑节能的要求，黄河淤泥多孔砖的研究开发可望形成与沿黄地段建筑行业现代化要求相适应的主导产品系列之一。
Solid clay brick still prevails in the load-bearing wall materials in china. It has thousands of years' history as conventional wall material in china. With the social progress, brickworks that employ solid clay brick haven't already met the requirement of energy-saving building. Therefore, the government proclaims solid clay bricks will be prohibited to use in designated time. According to local condition and the characteristic of economic circumstances, it is imperative to develop new-type wall materials, especially new-type load-bearing wall materials.
The resource of the silt is researched in the terrain on the bank of the Yellow River in Zhengzhou Henan. We know the Yellow River silt is a sort of sand soil that is formed due to decrescent velocity of flow to be filled up while the Yellow River impacts loess altiplano and take plenty of loam sand to lower reaches of the Yellow River. We get physical and chemical performance of the Yellow River silt by experimenting on this paper with which the clay compares in order to find similarities and differences, changing regulation of the silt. Thus some additives are selected firstly such as the clay, fly ash, organic bond so that we make experimentation and analysis for the performances of the materials in different mixture ratio. It is obvious that the additives have an influence on some performances of the Yellow River silt in certain degrees. Basic schemes in different mixture ratio are designed by admixture of the Yellow River silt and the clay, intermixture of the Yellow River silt, fly ash and the clay as
well as blending of the Yellow River silt, fly ash and organic bond.
We analyze synthetically production-lines, enterprise management, production equipment, the ratio of investment and output, as well as consider building design require, existing process condition and construction means. Finally perforated brick standard is chosen as 240mmxll5mmx90mm with 19 circular holes each performance of it accords with the criterions of GB13544-2000
The product is baked by chamber kiln during the production experiment. We can control water ratio of mixing material, dryness of brick piece, putting them in the chamber
and baking temperature through rational production process and the treatment for raw material so that load-bearing perforated bricks made from the Yellow River silt are produced in different mixture ratio.
Basic schemes in different mixture ratio consider production cost, at the same time, make production process simple and prone to control, as well as ensure product quality. Also the experiment is made for the plastic indexes of the materials in different mixture ratio and compressive intensity of the products. Therefore, AS scheme is used as mixture schemes of production on a large scale. Experiment is made for compressive intensity, water absorption, lime crack, freezing and thawing performance and so on of product. The compressive intensity of the product reaches 11.0MPa which meets the requirement of MU10 intensity grade. The main property index accords with the demands of GB13544-2000
inant products that are consistent with the requirement of modernization of residential industry in the terrain on the bank of the Yellow River.
引文
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[2] 沈荣熹．中国墙体材料可持续发展技术途径探讨．建筑材料学报．2001，4(3)：203～203
[3] 建设法律法规汇编．郑州市建设委员会．2001年3月
[4] 王连广，陈维杰，王德选．新型墙体材料的现状与展望．2001，17(3)：190～192
[5] 王海燕．新型墙体材料应用介绍．山东建材．2003，24(2)：37～38
[6] 以黄河淤泥、煤矸石、工业尾矿等废弃物制作新型墙体材料．山东建材．2002(6)：40～41
[7] Orimulsion fly ash in clay bricks—part 1: composition and thermal behaviour of ash. G. Ercolani, G. Guarini. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2002,22(11)
[8] Mallon T. REA-Gips——Technische und wirtschaftliche Aspekte eins Sekundaerrohstoffs, Teil 1[J]. Z K G International, 1998, 51(4)
[9] U-value of a dried wall made of perforated porous clay bricks: Hot box measurement versus numerical analysis. K. Ghazi Wakili and Ch. Tanner. Energy and Buildings. 2003, 35(7)
[10] Darup B S. Bauoekologie[M]. Wiesbaden und Berlin: Bauverlag GmbH, 1996
[11] 墙体材料革新“十五”计划和2015年发展规划(节录)．云南建材．2001(3)：1～2
[12] 史宗伟，刘天才，杨玲．郑州黄河洪水特点分析．泥沙研究．2001(3)
[13] 张金升．黄河淤泥沙的综合利用．建材科技．35～36
[14] 聂振海．开发黄河淤泥大有可为．中国建材．1997(10)：41～42
[15] 李丰朴．粉煤灰的工程性质与应用．铁道工程学报，1995(3)
[16] 李传炽等．湿排原状粉煤灰的综合利用研究．新型建筑材料，2002(11)：30～32
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[18] 陈志源，李启令．土木工程材料．武汉工业大学出版社．2000年7月
[19] 李西利．利用粉煤灰生产高质量节能墙体材料．砖瓦．2000(2)：20
[20] Orimulsion fly ash in clay bricks—part 1: composition and thermal behaviour of ash. G. Ercolani, G. Guarini. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2002, 22 (11)
[21] Hygro-thermal performance of hollow bricks and current standards. Paolo Bondi and Pietro Stefanizzi. Energy and Buildings. 2001, 33 (7)
[22] 闫开放．高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖有关问题的分析．砖瓦．2003(5)：5～8
[23] 杜文英．模数多孔砖的孔型设计、物理性能及砌体热工性能研究．建筑科学．1994(2)：
32～33
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[25] Through-flow drying of vertically perforated clay bricks and blocks. Dr.-lng. Karsten Junge. ZL International. 2000, 000(7)
[26] Numerical study of heat transfer in a wall of vertically perforated bricks: influence of assembly method. B. Lacarri(?)re, B. Lartigue and F. Monchoux. Energy and Buildings. 2003
[27] 陈福广．“十五”期间墙体材料发展目标和重点．砖瓦．2000(6)41
[28] 陈鹏雄．读“烧结多孔砖国家标准(报批稿)”引起的联想．中国建材．2000(9)：49
[29] 鞠秉秀，张殿元等．高掺量粉煤灰烧结多孔砖的研究．砖瓦．2001(3)：32
[30] 李鸿年．如何提高多孔砖原料塑性指数．中国建材．2002(2)：61～62
[31] 陶有生．我国烧结空心砖的发展及有关问题．砖瓦．2001(3)：27～29
[32] 江嘉运，张丹．我国利用煤矸石生产墙体材料的现状及其技术措施．建筑技术开发．2002(7)：35～37
[33] 傅刚．高孔洞率多孔砖的研制．新型建筑材料．2002(9)：16～17
[34] 杨继时，吴涌源．应用有机成型剂生产高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖．粉煤灰．2003，15(4)：23～24
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TECHNOLOGY JAPAN. 2000, 28(7)
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[2] 沈荣熹．中国墙体材料可持续发展技术途径探讨．建筑材料学报．2001，4(3)：203～203
[3] 建设法律法规汇编．郑州市建设委员会．2001年3月
[4] 王连广，陈维杰，王德选．新型墙体材料的现状与展望．2001，17(3)：190～192
[5] 王海燕．新型墙体材料应用介绍．山东建材．2003，24(2)：37～38
[6] 以黄河淤泥、煤矸石、工业尾矿等废弃物制作新型墙体材料．山东建材．2002(6)：40～41
[7] Orimulsion fly ash in clay bricks—part 1: composition and thermal behaviour of ash. G. Ercolani, G. Guarini. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2002,22(11)
[8] Mallon T. REA-Gips——Technische und wirtschaftliche Aspekte eins Sekundaerrohstoffs, Teil 1[J]. Z K G International, 1998, 51(4)
[9] U-value of a dried wall made of perforated porous clay bricks: Hot box measurement versus numerical analysis. K. Ghazi Wakili and Ch. Tanner. Energy and Buildings. 2003, 35(7)
[10] Darup B S. Bauoekologie[M]. Wiesbaden und Berlin: Bauverlag GmbH, 1996
[11] 墙体材料革新“十五”计划和2015年发展规划(节录)．云南建材．2001(3)：1～2
[12] 史宗伟，刘天才，杨玲．郑州黄河洪水特点分析．泥沙研究．2001(3)
[13] 张金升．黄河淤泥沙的综合利用．建材科技．35～36
[14] 聂振海．开发黄河淤泥大有可为．中国建材．1997(10)：41～42
[15] 李丰朴．粉煤灰的工程性质与应用．铁道工程学报，1995(3)
[16] 李传炽等．湿排原状粉煤灰的综合利用研究．新型建筑材料，2002(11)：30～32
[17] 吴正直．粉煤灰房建材料的开发与应用．中国建材工业出版社．2003年1月
[18] 陈志源，李启令．土木工程材料．武汉工业大学出版社．2000年7月
[19] 李西利．利用粉煤灰生产高质量节能墙体材料．砖瓦．2000(2)：20
[20] Orimulsion fly ash in clay bricks—part 1: composition and thermal behaviour of ash. G. Ercolani, G. Guarini. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2002, 22 (11)
[21] Hygro-thermal performance of hollow bricks and current standards. Paolo Bondi and Pietro Stefanizzi. Energy and Buildings. 2001, 33 (7)
[22] 闫开放．高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖有关问题的分析．砖瓦．2003(5)：5～8
[23] 杜文英．模数多孔砖的孔型设计、物理性能及砌体热工性能研究．建筑科学．1994(2)：
32～33
[24] 孟繁华，王殿军．提高空心砖和多孔砖热工性能的措施．砖瓦．2002(2)：47～48
[25] Through-flow drying of vertically perforated clay bricks and blocks. Dr.-lng. Karsten Junge. ZL International. 2000, 000(7)
[26] Numerical study of heat transfer in a wall of vertically perforated bricks: influence of assembly method. B. Lacarri(?)re, B. Lartigue and F. Monchoux. Energy and Buildings. 2003
[27] 陈福广．“十五”期间墙体材料发展目标和重点．砖瓦．2000(6)41
[28] 陈鹏雄．读“烧结多孔砖国家标准(报批稿)”引起的联想．中国建材．2000(9)：49
[29] 鞠秉秀，张殿元等．高掺量粉煤灰烧结多孔砖的研究．砖瓦．2001(3)：32
[30] 李鸿年．如何提高多孔砖原料塑性指数．中国建材．2002(2)：61～62
[31] 陶有生．我国烧结空心砖的发展及有关问题．砖瓦．2001(3)：27～29
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