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GIS和遥感辅助下的江西潋水河流域化学径流计算机模拟探讨
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摘要
本文在国家自然科学基金项目“流域土壤和水资源模拟模型的集成和系统化及其应用”(批准号:40071043)的资助下,选择了美国农业部农业研究所开发的SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型,在GIS和遥感技术的辅助下,在江西潋水河流域进行了化学径流的计算机模拟研究。
     主要研究内容和研究成果如下:
     1.在国内首次利用基于机理的数学模型实现了较大自然流域化学径流分布式计算机模拟。
     这一模拟是通过SWAT模型及GIS和遥感技术进行的,流域面积也较大,达到579.26km~2。获得了潋水河流域及其62个子流域的按年和月输出的多种养分的模拟值;并利用1993年和2000年两期的土地利用分别对江西潋水河流域的化学径流进行了计算机模拟,从时间(年和月)和空间上分别对模拟的结果进行了分析研究。
     2.进行了SWAT模型所需相关参数的提取研究。
     笔者两次参加对研究区的实地考察,并进行相关数据的收集和实测,包括1993年土地利用、土壤饱和导水率、土壤容重和土壤各种化学参数(如有机氮、有机磷和可溶性磷等),以及后来所进行的土壤层有机碳含量的转化等。并利用GIS的优势,进行了参数提取的研究。
     3.分析了土地利用方式与化学径流之间的关系。
     选择了1993年和2000年两期中模拟值变化较大的12个典型子流域,分析了两期土地利用变化与模拟值之间的关系。为农业的可持续发展和流域的综合治理与规划提供了有意义的参考,为实现农业的最佳管理措施提供了一定的技术支持和依据。
The research is funded by the national natural science fund project titled Integration and Systematization of Mathematic Models for Soil and Water Resources Study in a Basin and its Application (sanction number: 40071043). Supported by GIS(Geographical Information System) and remote sensing technology, it has carried on computer simulation of chemical runoff in the study area of Lianshui Basin, Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province, using SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model developed by ARS(Agricultural Research Service) of USDA(United States Department of Agriculture).
    The main contents and results are as follows:
    1. The computer simulation of chemical runoff using mathematical models in China. Here, the mathematical models are physical models. By GIS and remote sensing
    technology, the simulation is realized using SWAT model. The basin area is large, reaching 579.26 km2. The simulated values by year and moon of many nutrients such as N and P are obtained in Lianshui watershed and its 62 sub-basins. Besides, the simulation of chemical runoff of Lianshui Basin is carried on based on the land use in 1993 and in 2000. Also the results are analyzed from time (annual and moon) and space respectively.
    2. The extraction of the necessary relevant parameters in SWAT model.
    The data needed by the research are collected from relevant materials and field sampling, including the soil saturation hydraulic conductivity, soil bulk density, various kinds of chemical parameters of soil layer(such as organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus and soluble phosphorus), the transformation of organic carbon content of soil layer and the land use in 1993 etc.. The relevant parameters are extracted by GIS which makes it convenient.
    3. The analysis of the relation between land use and chemical runoff.
    12 representative sub-basins, in which two interim simulated values in 1993 and 2000 varied significantly, are chosen. Then the relation between the land use and simulation value in those sub-basins is analyzed. It offers meaningful reference for agriculture sustainable development and comprehensive administration and planning of basin, and also gives technical supports for agriculture BMPs(Best Management Practices).
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