基于PDA的野外增量信息采集系统若干关键技术研究
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摘要
空间数据更新是GIS领域的研究热点,增量更新由于其方式灵活、能更好地保证空间数据库的现势性,成为空间数据库更新的主要发展趋势。增量信息采集是空间数据库增量更新的首要环节,因此增量信息采集系统是增量信息采集必不可少的工具。随着PDA等掌上设备的完善与推广,利用PDA通过野外采集增量信息将成为增量信息采集的一种可行模式。因此,本文重点研究了PDA增量信息采集系统的几个关键技术,主要包括：
(1)对已有增量信息文件的记录格式和内容进行优化和改进,设计一套基于XML文件格式的、内容更丰富的增量信息文件格式,该增量信息文件更易于网络传输与数据的解析。
(2)针对增量信息采集系统的特点,结合数字测图系统和移动GIS系统的需要,设计了一套适应PDA这一特殊平台的数据组织结构和空间数据索引结构,实现了PDA上海量栅格和矢量数据的读取与显示。
(3)研究了PDA与野外空间数据采集设备全站仪和GPS之间的数据通讯问题,利用串口(或蓝牙串口)通讯技术实现了PDA与全站仪、GPS之间的数据通信及相关数据处理。
(4)针对PDA的特性和增量信息采集系统的需要,设计制作了基于PDA的点状符号库,并实现了点状符号的自动绘制以及线状符号和面状符号的简化处理。
最后在Windows Mobile平台上利用Visual C++开发语言从底层设计与开发野外增量信息采集系统。该系统具备基本的测图及GIS功能,通过与全站仪、GPS的通讯采集坐标绘制矢量图形并符号化显示地图,将采集生成的增量信息生成文件存储在本机设备上或通过无线网络发送至远程服务器,采集生成的增量信息文件成功应用于增量更新系统,取得了比较好的实验效果。
The update of spatial data is a hot issue in GIS. The incremental update will be a major trend to spatial database update because it is flexible and easier to ensure the verisimilitude of the spatial database. Change-only information collection is the primary part of spatial database update, and thus the Change-only information collection system becomes an essential tool. With the improving and promoting of handled devices such as PDA, collecting Change-only information in the field through PDA will become a feasible mode. Therefore, this paper focused on several key technologies of PDA's Change-only information collection system, including:
(1) The existing incremental information file format was optimized and improved and a new file format based on XML was designed.The new file format is more better to describe and analysis the Change-only information and also is more convenient to transmit in the internet.
(2) Considerating the special features of collecting Change-only information and the demand of digital mapping and Mobile GIS, a data model and structure that suitable for PDA was designed, and also a PDA based index structure was designed too.The fast reading and drawing of massive spatial vector data and raster data in PDA was implemented.
(3) The problem of the PDA's communication with field data gathering equipment such as Total Station, GPS was researched and the serial (or Bluetooth serial) was employed to implement the data communication and processing.
(4) An object-oriented map symbol library based on PDA was designed. For the features of incremental information collection and the platform, the auto drawing of point symbol was implemented and the drawing of line and polygon was simplified.
Finally, a PDA based change-only data collection system was designed and developed in Windows Mobile by Visual C++ developing language. The system has the basic function of map surveying and GIS. It draws vector map from the coordinates obtained by the Total Station and GPS. It displays the map with multible and standard map symbol. The change-only information file which is collected and generated in the field was stored in the native device or sent to the remote server through wireless net. The change-only information file was successfully applied to the incremental information update system, and obtained a good experimental result.
(1)对已有增量信息文件的记录格式和内容进行优化和改进,设计一套基于XML文件格式的、内容更丰富的增量信息文件格式,该增量信息文件更易于网络传输与数据的解析。
(2)针对增量信息采集系统的特点,结合数字测图系统和移动GIS系统的需要,设计了一套适应PDA这一特殊平台的数据组织结构和空间数据索引结构,实现了PDA上海量栅格和矢量数据的读取与显示。
(3)研究了PDA与野外空间数据采集设备全站仪和GPS之间的数据通讯问题,利用串口(或蓝牙串口)通讯技术实现了PDA与全站仪、GPS之间的数据通信及相关数据处理。
(4)针对PDA的特性和增量信息采集系统的需要,设计制作了基于PDA的点状符号库,并实现了点状符号的自动绘制以及线状符号和面状符号的简化处理。
最后在Windows Mobile平台上利用Visual C++开发语言从底层设计与开发野外增量信息采集系统。该系统具备基本的测图及GIS功能,通过与全站仪、GPS的通讯采集坐标绘制矢量图形并符号化显示地图,将采集生成的增量信息生成文件存储在本机设备上或通过无线网络发送至远程服务器,采集生成的增量信息文件成功应用于增量更新系统,取得了比较好的实验效果。
The update of spatial data is a hot issue in GIS. The incremental update will be a major trend to spatial database update because it is flexible and easier to ensure the verisimilitude of the spatial database. Change-only information collection is the primary part of spatial database update, and thus the Change-only information collection system becomes an essential tool. With the improving and promoting of handled devices such as PDA, collecting Change-only information in the field through PDA will become a feasible mode. Therefore, this paper focused on several key technologies of PDA's Change-only information collection system, including:
(1) The existing incremental information file format was optimized and improved and a new file format based on XML was designed.The new file format is more better to describe and analysis the Change-only information and also is more convenient to transmit in the internet.
(2) Considerating the special features of collecting Change-only information and the demand of digital mapping and Mobile GIS, a data model and structure that suitable for PDA was designed, and also a PDA based index structure was designed too.The fast reading and drawing of massive spatial vector data and raster data in PDA was implemented.
(3) The problem of the PDA's communication with field data gathering equipment such as Total Station, GPS was researched and the serial (or Bluetooth serial) was employed to implement the data communication and processing.
(4) An object-oriented map symbol library based on PDA was designed. For the features of incremental information collection and the platform, the auto drawing of point symbol was implemented and the drawing of line and polygon was simplified.
Finally, a PDA based change-only data collection system was designed and developed in Windows Mobile by Visual C++ developing language. The system has the basic function of map surveying and GIS. It draws vector map from the coordinates obtained by the Total Station and GPS. It displays the map with multible and standard map symbol. The change-only information file which is collected and generated in the field was stored in the native device or sent to the remote server through wireless net. The change-only information file was successfully applied to the incremental information update system, and obtained a good experimental result.
引文
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[14]Alboody A., Sedes F., Inglada J. Post-classification and spatial reasoning:new approach to change detection for updating GIS database[A].In:Parsons J., Wand Y.3rd International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies:from theory to applications[C]. Beijing,2008:742-748.
[15]Ioannidis, Charalabos. Towards a strategy for control of suburban informal buildings through automatic change detection[J]. Computes, Environment and Urban Systems,2009,33 (1):64-74.
[16]Mourad. Automatic change detection of buildings in urban environment from very high spatial resolution images using existing geodatabase and prior knowledge[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2010,65 (1):143-153.
[17]Bruzzone, Prieto.Unsupervised change detection in multisource and multisensor remote sensing images[J]. International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS),2000 (6):2441-2443.
[18]陈晋,何春阳,史培军.基于变化向量分析的土地利用／覆盖变化动态监测(Ⅰ)—变化阈值的确定方法[J].遥感学报,2001,5(4)：259-266.
[19]陈晋,何春阳,卓莉.基于变化向量分析(CVA)的土地利用／覆盖变化动态监测(Ⅱ)—变化类型的确定方法[J].遥感学报,2001,5(5)：346-352.
[20]Elshehaby A. R., Taha L. G. E. A new expert system module for building detection in urban areas using spectral information and LIDAR data[J]. Applied Geomatics,2009,1 (4):97-110.
[21]Karia J. P., Porwa M. L., Psroy. Forest Change Detection in Kalarani Round, Vadodara, Gujarat-A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach[J]. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing.2001,29(3):129-134.
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[23]朱华吉,吴华瑞.空间数据库更新过程中增量信息产生原因分析[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,34(5)：569-574.
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