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异形螺杆加工刀具状态监控及在线补偿技术研究
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摘要
刀具状态监控是异形螺杆加工过程关键的技术之一,对刀具状态监控可以降低制造成本,减少制造环境的危害,保证产品质量。为此,论文针对异形螺杆加工刀具,建立了刀具磨、破损数学模型,开发了刀具监控系统,实现了刀具磨损在线补偿和破损预报。
     论文主要研究内容:
     (1)异形螺杆加工过程刀具状态的分析及信号检测。在异形螺杆加工刀具磨、破损机理分析的基础上,对各种典型加工过程状态信号进行对比,以能够充分反映刀具磨、破损状态的振动信号和功率信号作为研究对象,经过传感器安装、采样程序的编制、数据模/数转换,完成了信号检测。
     (2)基于小波分析的振动信号特征提取。加工过程中振动信号在某个频带内幅值的变化,能够充分表征刀具的当前情况。采用小波变换技术构造滤波器组并提取刀具磨、破损特征信号。利用该特征信号建立了振动幅值变化与刀具状态的映射关系,从而计算出基于振动信号的刀具状态特征值,定性的识别出刀具磨、破损状态。
     (3)基于统计分析的功率信号特征提取。原始功率信号能够很好的反映螺杆加工中切削参数的变化,但其中所包含的刀具磨损信息却没有明显的体现出来。因此,本文采用统计分析技术,通过对信号均方根处理提取出刀具磨损特征信号。该特征信号既反映出了切削参数的变化规律,同时又明显的反映出了刀具磨损的变化规律。因此,依据该信号计算得到的刀具磨损特征值能够定性的识别出刀具磨损状态。
     (4)刀具磨、破损数学模型的建立。在建立刀具磨损数学模型时,本文提出了具有多信息、多参数融合的智能建模方法。该方法以振动、功率特征信号作为系统输入,刀具磨损量作为系统的输出,基于ANFIS建立输入输出的映射关系,从而建立刀具磨损模型,定量的识别出螺杆加工中刀具磨损的程度。
     在建立刀具破损数学模型时,为了实现实时预测振动信号特征值的变化情况,本文按照非线性系统辨识步骤,进行非线性特征检验,选择模型描述方法,采用最小二乘法进行参数估计,最终得到加工长度和振动信号特征值这一非线性系统方程,并实现破损特征值的预测。
     (5)刀具监控系统的开发。首先,开发了刀具长度补偿算法,基于该算法和建
Tool condition monitoring is the key technology in automatic processes, which plays an important role in milling special spiral rod by reducing manufacturing cost & environment pollution, ensuring production quality, and improving automation degree. In this dissertation, the mathematical model of tool wear and breakage is first setup, and then the tool condition monitoring system is developed to achieve on-line tool dimension compensation and tool breakage prediction.
    The main research contents of the dissertation are summarized as follows:
    (1) Tool condition analysis and signal detection
    First tool wear and breakage mechanism in rod milling is analyzed and all typical fettle signals are contrasted. Then the vibration signal and power signal which can fully reflect the tool state are adopted as the research object. Finally signals are detected through sensor installment, sampling program establishment and A/D transform.
    (2) Feature extraction of vibration signals based on wavelet transform.
    During the process of milling special spiral rod, vibration signals in a certain frequency strip can fully reflect the current tool state. So group filtering via wavelet transform is constructed first. And tool wear & breakage character signals are extracted based on which vibration amplitude change and tool state is mapped. Thereby eigenvalue of tool condition is calculated, and tool wear & breakage condition is identified qualitatively.
    (3) Feature extraction of Power signals based on statistics technique.
    Original power signal can only reflect the change of milling parameter, but not the tool wear information. Hence the statistics technique is adopted to dispose the original power signal by root-mean-square, which is then regressed to the smooth curve and regarded as the tool wear character signal. The character signal can sufficiently reflect tool wear and cutting parameter change, therefore the qualitative identification of tool wear condition is realized.
    (4) Tool wear and breakage model building based on the sensor fusion.
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