裂隙含水介质渗流应力两场耦合数值模拟程序设计应用
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摘要
裂隙岩体的水力学特性对岩土工程活动产生重要影响,如地下洞室开挖的涌突水,大坝坝基修建,石油、地热开采,化学物品、核废料的埋藏,矿井设计等,都不可避免地涉及到裂隙水运动的问题。目前,对裂隙岩体渗流特性的研究,基于平行板模型导出的立方定律已广为岩土工程界所接受,许多学者进一步对立方定律的有效性做了大量研究,通过隙宽和粗糙度对立方定理进行修正。
本文在总结前人研究结果的基础上,阐述了裂隙含水介质渗流应力耦合的基本理论,包括岩体结构面类型,单裂隙面力学变形性质,单裂隙渗流应力耦合的基本原理等等。并且针对裂隙岩体等效连续介质数学模型进行具体分析,介绍了裂隙含水介质渗流应力耦合数学模型计算的基本方法,分别研究了渗流场对应力场的影响作用以及应力场对渗流场的影响作用。通过公式推导得到了渗流场和应力场耦合的有限元控制方程。在这个过程当中,详细介绍了有限单元法的基本思想和求解方法以及在有限元数值模拟过程中求解非线性方程的初流量法。
本文根据推导的裂隙岩体渗流应力耦合的有限元数值模拟方程,运用北京飞箭公司开发的有限元自动生成程序FEPG(Finite Element ProgramGenerator)来模拟裂隙岩体渗流问题。本文通过该软件编写了计算位移、孔隙水压力以及应力的pde文件,描述荷载边界的fbc文件以及耦合系统算法文件和生成位移、流量单元的算法文件nfe。通过这些文件得到有限元计算程序,将有限元计算程序运用到算例当中得出如下结论:
(1)裂隙岩体渗透性随应力的变化是不可忽略的。在裂隙岩体中,应力的变化时刻影响着渗流通道的张开及闭合,对渗透性的影响很大。
(2)随着时间步长,受持续荷载作用的区域应力场影响渗流场,耦合作用显现,渗流强度减低。未受荷载作用的区域应力强度变化明显,地下水渗流作用对应力场影响显著。
(3)受持续荷载作用下,裂隙岩体在各个方向上的位移变化不大,位移随时间的变化也不大。
Hydraulic behavior in fractured rock has an important effect on geotechnical engineering, such as water-grushing in excavation of underground chambers and tunnels, construction of dam foundation, exploitation of oil and terrestrial heat, burial of chemical material and nuclear waste, design on mine and so on. At present, cubic law based on parallel plate model has been accepted in geotechnical engineering field, and many scholars have done much research work to modify cubic law in aperture and roughness.
Based on the results of previous studies concluded on the basis of the aquifer medium flow stress fracture coupled's basic theory. Including the structure of rock type, single fracture mechanics of the nature of deformation, stress-fracture flow coupling, and so on the basic principles And for fractured rock equivalent continuous media analysis of specific mathematical model, introduced a stress fracture aquifer medium flow coupled mathematical model of the basic method, to study the seepage field corresponding field and the effect of stress on the effect of seepage . Formula has been derived through seepage and stress coupled FEM control equation. In this process, details of the finite element method to solve the basic ideas and methods and finite element in the process of numerical simulation of nonlinear equations for the early traffic law.
Based on the derivation of the fractured rock flow stress coupled FEM numerical simulation equation, Beijing Arrows developed using the finite element automatically generated procedures FEPG(Finite Element Program Generator) to simulate the fractured rock flow problems. Through the software to prepare a calculation of displacement, pore water pressure and stress of pde document describing the load border fbc documents and papers and coupling system algorithms generate displacement, flow rate unit algorithm document nfe. These documents are finite element analysis process, finite element analysis procedures applied to these examples drawn the following conclusions:
(1) With the stress fractured rock permeability changes can not be ignored. In the fractured rock, the stress of the moment changes affecting the flow channel open and closed, the permeability of the great impact.
(2) With time step, the continuous load of the regional impact of stress seepage field, coupling appear, reduce the intensity of seepage. Not load the regional stress intensity change significantly, the role of groundwater seepage significant impact on the corresponding field.
(3) Sustained by the load, the fractured rock in all directions on the displacement of little change, displacement do not changes with time.
本文在总结前人研究结果的基础上,阐述了裂隙含水介质渗流应力耦合的基本理论,包括岩体结构面类型,单裂隙面力学变形性质,单裂隙渗流应力耦合的基本原理等等。并且针对裂隙岩体等效连续介质数学模型进行具体分析,介绍了裂隙含水介质渗流应力耦合数学模型计算的基本方法,分别研究了渗流场对应力场的影响作用以及应力场对渗流场的影响作用。通过公式推导得到了渗流场和应力场耦合的有限元控制方程。在这个过程当中,详细介绍了有限单元法的基本思想和求解方法以及在有限元数值模拟过程中求解非线性方程的初流量法。
本文根据推导的裂隙岩体渗流应力耦合的有限元数值模拟方程,运用北京飞箭公司开发的有限元自动生成程序FEPG(Finite Element ProgramGenerator)来模拟裂隙岩体渗流问题。本文通过该软件编写了计算位移、孔隙水压力以及应力的pde文件,描述荷载边界的fbc文件以及耦合系统算法文件和生成位移、流量单元的算法文件nfe。通过这些文件得到有限元计算程序,将有限元计算程序运用到算例当中得出如下结论:
(1)裂隙岩体渗透性随应力的变化是不可忽略的。在裂隙岩体中,应力的变化时刻影响着渗流通道的张开及闭合,对渗透性的影响很大。
(2)随着时间步长,受持续荷载作用的区域应力场影响渗流场,耦合作用显现,渗流强度减低。未受荷载作用的区域应力强度变化明显,地下水渗流作用对应力场影响显著。
(3)受持续荷载作用下,裂隙岩体在各个方向上的位移变化不大,位移随时间的变化也不大。
Hydraulic behavior in fractured rock has an important effect on geotechnical engineering, such as water-grushing in excavation of underground chambers and tunnels, construction of dam foundation, exploitation of oil and terrestrial heat, burial of chemical material and nuclear waste, design on mine and so on. At present, cubic law based on parallel plate model has been accepted in geotechnical engineering field, and many scholars have done much research work to modify cubic law in aperture and roughness.
Based on the results of previous studies concluded on the basis of the aquifer medium flow stress fracture coupled's basic theory. Including the structure of rock type, single fracture mechanics of the nature of deformation, stress-fracture flow coupling, and so on the basic principles And for fractured rock equivalent continuous media analysis of specific mathematical model, introduced a stress fracture aquifer medium flow coupled mathematical model of the basic method, to study the seepage field corresponding field and the effect of stress on the effect of seepage . Formula has been derived through seepage and stress coupled FEM control equation. In this process, details of the finite element method to solve the basic ideas and methods and finite element in the process of numerical simulation of nonlinear equations for the early traffic law.
Based on the derivation of the fractured rock flow stress coupled FEM numerical simulation equation, Beijing Arrows developed using the finite element automatically generated procedures FEPG(Finite Element Program Generator) to simulate the fractured rock flow problems. Through the software to prepare a calculation of displacement, pore water pressure and stress of pde document describing the load border fbc documents and papers and coupling system algorithms generate displacement, flow rate unit algorithm document nfe. These documents are finite element analysis process, finite element analysis procedures applied to these examples drawn the following conclusions:
(1) With the stress fractured rock permeability changes can not be ignored. In the fractured rock, the stress of the moment changes affecting the flow channel open and closed, the permeability of the great impact.
(2) With time step, the continuous load of the regional impact of stress seepage field, coupling appear, reduce the intensity of seepage. Not load the regional stress intensity change significantly, the role of groundwater seepage significant impact on the corresponding field.
(3) Sustained by the load, the fractured rock in all directions on the displacement of little change, displacement do not changes with time.
引文
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[2]Bandis S C,Lumsden A C,and Barton N R.Fundamentals of rock joint deformation[J].RockMech.Min.Sci.Geomech.Asbstr.1983(6):249-268
[3]黄涛 杨立中 《山区隧道涌水量计算中的双场耦合作用研究》 西南交通大学出版社
[4]贺玉龙 博士学位论文《三场耦合作用相关试验及耦合强度量化研究》
[5]薛世峰,仝兴华等.地下流固耦合理论的研究进展及应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000
[6]Bandis S C,Lumsden A C,and Barton N R.Fundamentals of rock joint deformation[J].RockMech.Min.Sci.Geomech.Asbstr.I983(6):249-268
[7]仵彦卿.岩体水力学(三)[J].水文地质工程地质,1997,(2):54-57
[8]杨志锡.各向异性饱和土体的渗流耦合分析及其工程应用[D].上海:同济大学学位论文,2001
[9]Rubin,J.Theoretical analysis of two-dimensional transient flow of water in unsaturated and partlyunsaturated soils.Proc.Soil Sci.Soc.Amer,1968,Vol.32:607-615。
[10]Narasimhan,T.N,.Witherspoon P.A.,Numerical model for Saturated-Unsturated Flow in DeformabIe porous Media,l Theory.Water Resource Res.,13(3),1977.
[11]陈平,张有天.裂隙岩体渗流场与应力耦合分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1994,13(4):299-308.
[12]李燕,杨林德.岩体渗流应力耦合作用研究综述[J].红水河,2005年第2期
[13]T Kawamoto.Application of Damage Mechanics for Analysing an Underground Opening Problem[J].Materi-al,1986,35(392):3-13
[14]L M Krachanov.Introduction to Continuum Damage Machanics[J].Martinus Nijhoff Publisher,1986
[16]王恩志,王洪涛,孙役.双重裂隙系统渗流模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(4):400-406
[17]吉小明,白世伟,杨春和.与应变状态相关的岩体双重孔隙介质流-固耦合的有限元计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(10):1636-1639
[18]黎水泉,徐秉业,段永刚.裂缝性油藏流固耦合渗流[J].计算力学学报,2001(2):133-137
[19]朱焕春,刘洪,洪秀安。岩体结构面强度及其工程意义[J].中国农村水利水电,1998,第2期
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