轧制及热处理工艺对ZA35合金组织与性能的影响
摘要
本文主要研究了锰含量、轧制工艺、热处理工艺对ZA35合金组织与性能的影响。
研究表明:锰的加入可以明显改善锌铝合金的力学性能。随着锰含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度有所增加,锰含量超过0.75%时,合金抗拉强度有所下降;锰合金化可以明显提高合金硬度,1.3%时合金硬度最大;锰的加入降低了合金的塑性,锰含量1.3%时伸长率最低。
在再结晶温度相同的情况下,轧制态锌铝合金抗拉强度、硬度增加、伸长率相比于铸态合金都有所提高,随着变形量的增加ZA35合金抗拉强度、硬度提高,但伸长率在变形量达到20%时最大,之后呈减小趋势。变形量为20%时合金的综合性能最佳。相比于铸态合金,抗拉强度提高27.8%达到467MPa、硬度指标提高了36.4%达到127HB、伸长率达到3.6%。
随着变形量的增加,合金基体组织逐渐细化、空隙减少、析出相分布均匀,条状、块状的第二相逐渐破碎并且晶粒的取向比较明显,沿轧制方向呈纤维状分布;在轧制过程中,随着再结晶的发生,合金中的含Mn过饱和固溶体发生脱溶,与基体元素Al形成MnAl6;然而变形量过大时组织中出现微裂纹,这是合金塑性降低的原因。适当的热处理工艺可以消除偏析,使析出相均匀分布,大大改善合金的力学性能。
固溶温度、固溶时间、时效温度、时效时间对ZA35合金的抗拉强度、硬度、伸长率有显著的影响。对于轧制态ZA35合金来说,365℃～375℃固溶,固溶时间2～3h,120℃时效7～8h时合金的综合力学性能最佳,抗拉强度达到515MPa,硬度170～180HB,伸长率8.0%,明显优于ZA27铸态合金460～470MPa。
The effects of Mn content, rolling and heat-treatment on microstructure and properties of ZA35 alloy were studied in this paper.
The results show that adding Mn can improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. With increasing amount of Mn, the tensile strength of alloy is improved. The tensile strength of alloy decreases when the content of Mn is over 0.75%; Mn addition can improve the hardness of the alloy. The hardness is the best when the content of Mn is 1.3%; The adding Mn can decrease the elongation of the alloy. The elongation is the lowest when the content of Mn is 1.3%.
Under the same recrystallization temperature, the tensile strength, the hardness and the elongation of rolled ZA35 alloy are better than the these at as-cast state. With the increment of strain intensity, the tensile strength and the hardness of ZA35 alloy are improved, but the elongation decreases when the strain intensity is 20%.Compared to the cast state, when the strain intensity reaches to 20%, the tensile strength is 467MPa, which increases up to 27.8%, the hardness is 127HB, which increases up to 36.4%, the elongation is 3.6%.
With increasing strain intensity, matrix structure of alloy is refined, voids are reduced、distribution of precipitated phase homogenized;the strip shape and massive shaped second phases are broken, and the grain orientation along the rolling direction distributes lacily. In the rolling process, with the happening of recrystallization, supersaturated solid solution of Mn began to desolate, and form MnAl6 with Al. However, when the strain intensity is too large, crake will appear in the matrix structure, this is caused by the decrease of elongation.
Proper heat treatment can eliminate the segregation and obviously improve the mechanical properties of alloy. Solution temperature, solution time, aging temperature and aging time can obviously affect the tensile strength, hardness and elongation of ZA35 alloy. As for the rolled ZA35 alloy, when the solution temperature is 365℃～375℃, solution time is 2～3h, aging temperature is 120℃,aging time is 7～8h,the mechanical properties of alloy are the best. Compared to the as-cast state, the tensile strength increases from 460 to 515MPa, the hardness is 170～180HB,the elongation is 8.0% at the same time.
研究表明:锰的加入可以明显改善锌铝合金的力学性能。随着锰含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度有所增加,锰含量超过0.75%时,合金抗拉强度有所下降;锰合金化可以明显提高合金硬度,1.3%时合金硬度最大;锰的加入降低了合金的塑性,锰含量1.3%时伸长率最低。
在再结晶温度相同的情况下,轧制态锌铝合金抗拉强度、硬度增加、伸长率相比于铸态合金都有所提高,随着变形量的增加ZA35合金抗拉强度、硬度提高,但伸长率在变形量达到20%时最大,之后呈减小趋势。变形量为20%时合金的综合性能最佳。相比于铸态合金,抗拉强度提高27.8%达到467MPa、硬度指标提高了36.4%达到127HB、伸长率达到3.6%。
随着变形量的增加,合金基体组织逐渐细化、空隙减少、析出相分布均匀,条状、块状的第二相逐渐破碎并且晶粒的取向比较明显,沿轧制方向呈纤维状分布;在轧制过程中,随着再结晶的发生,合金中的含Mn过饱和固溶体发生脱溶,与基体元素Al形成MnAl6;然而变形量过大时组织中出现微裂纹,这是合金塑性降低的原因。适当的热处理工艺可以消除偏析,使析出相均匀分布,大大改善合金的力学性能。
固溶温度、固溶时间、时效温度、时效时间对ZA35合金的抗拉强度、硬度、伸长率有显著的影响。对于轧制态ZA35合金来说,365℃～375℃固溶,固溶时间2～3h,120℃时效7～8h时合金的综合力学性能最佳,抗拉强度达到515MPa,硬度170～180HB,伸长率8.0%,明显优于ZA27铸态合金460～470MPa。
The effects of Mn content, rolling and heat-treatment on microstructure and properties of ZA35 alloy were studied in this paper.
The results show that adding Mn can improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. With increasing amount of Mn, the tensile strength of alloy is improved. The tensile strength of alloy decreases when the content of Mn is over 0.75%; Mn addition can improve the hardness of the alloy. The hardness is the best when the content of Mn is 1.3%; The adding Mn can decrease the elongation of the alloy. The elongation is the lowest when the content of Mn is 1.3%.
Under the same recrystallization temperature, the tensile strength, the hardness and the elongation of rolled ZA35 alloy are better than the these at as-cast state. With the increment of strain intensity, the tensile strength and the hardness of ZA35 alloy are improved, but the elongation decreases when the strain intensity is 20%.Compared to the cast state, when the strain intensity reaches to 20%, the tensile strength is 467MPa, which increases up to 27.8%, the hardness is 127HB, which increases up to 36.4%, the elongation is 3.6%.
With increasing strain intensity, matrix structure of alloy is refined, voids are reduced、distribution of precipitated phase homogenized;the strip shape and massive shaped second phases are broken, and the grain orientation along the rolling direction distributes lacily. In the rolling process, with the happening of recrystallization, supersaturated solid solution of Mn began to desolate, and form MnAl6 with Al. However, when the strain intensity is too large, crake will appear in the matrix structure, this is caused by the decrease of elongation.
Proper heat treatment can eliminate the segregation and obviously improve the mechanical properties of alloy. Solution temperature, solution time, aging temperature and aging time can obviously affect the tensile strength, hardness and elongation of ZA35 alloy. As for the rolled ZA35 alloy, when the solution temperature is 365℃～375℃, solution time is 2～3h, aging temperature is 120℃,aging time is 7～8h,the mechanical properties of alloy are the best. Compared to the as-cast state, the tensile strength increases from 460 to 515MPa, the hardness is 170～180HB,the elongation is 8.0% at the same time.
引文
[1]闫承俊,王吉岱.锌铝合金的研究现状及应用.中国铸造装备与技术,2005,(4):4-7
[2]顾春雷,张伟强,金花子,等.锌及锌合金研究及应用现状.有色金属,2003,(4):529-531
[3] Wei Xiao wei, Shen Bao luo. Effect of Zr on behavior of compressive creep in as cast ZA27 alloy. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Sot. China. 2003, 13(4): 818-823
[4] Zhao Hao-feng, Wang Ling. Casting Zn based Alloy and composites. Beijing, Standards press of China, 2002:159-197
[5]曹风江,谭建波,李文革,等.高铝锌合金的研究进展与应用概况.河北工业科技,2006,23(6):381-384
[6]陈维平,陈宛德,詹美艳,等.轧制温度和变形量对AZ31镁合金板材组织和硬度的影响.特种铸造及有色金属.2007,27(5):341
[7]孙斌熠.板带铸轧理论与技术.北京,冶金工业出版社,2002,1-10
[8] Speich.G. R. Phase Transformation in ferrous alloys(Philadelphia), TMS-AIME, Warren dale, 1984,P.341
[9] Katsumata. M.〝Recrystallization of austenite in high-temperature hot-rolling of niobium bearing steels〞,Thermo mechanical processing of micro alloyed austenite, Metallurgical society of AIME, New York,1981, 101-119
[10] Apelian D, Paliwal M, Herrschaft D C. Castings with Zinc Alloys. Metals, 1987,(96): 12-20.
[11]刘永红,张忠明,刘宏昭,等.锌铝合金的研究现状及应用概况.铸造技术,2001,(1):42-44.
[12] Amberigts M. Friction and ductility behaviors of a high strength zinc foundry Alloy. AFS Transactions, 1985,(93): 569-578.
[13] Kenazel A F. Some recent development in the improvement of the mechanical properties of zinc foundry Alloys. Metals, 1983,(9): 898-902.
[14] Gervais E. An analysis of selected properties of ZA alloys. Journal of Metals, 1985,(11): 43-47.
[15]安继儒.中外常用金属材料手册.西安,西安交通大学出版社,1990:43-45.
[16]周明,赵玉涛,周伯仪,等.Mn对ZA27合金组织与性能的影响.江苏理工大学学报,1998,19(1):60-64.
[17]李安铭,张阳.硅、锰对ZnA122CuMg合金力学性能的影响.焦作工学院学报,1999,18(1):63-66.
[18]魏晓伟,沈保罗.Zn- Al合金在压蠕变过程中微观组织变化.特种铸造及有色合金,2003, (4):5-8.
[19]田卫平,亢若古,彭茂公,等.稀土对锌铝合金ZnAl-27性能的改善.云南冶金,2002,31(4):65-70.
[20]舒震,刘金水,袁斌,等.提高高铝锌合金高温性能及耐磨性的研究.湖南大学学报,1995,22(4):70-76.
[21]冯建清,曾建明,邹永志,等.含Al量对锌基合金力学性能的影响.热加工工艺,2004,(5):8-9
[22] Delneuville P. Terminological Behavior of Zn-Al Alloys (ZA27) Compared with Bronze where used as a bearing material with High load and at very low speed. Wear, 1985,(105): 283-292.
[23]梁梅芬.高强度铸造锌合金在干摩擦条件下摩擦磨损特性之研究.固体润滑,1991,(11):114-119.
[24]夏兰廷,李桂玲,蔺虹宾.高铝锌基合金组织及性能的研究.铸造,2009,5(58):473-475
[25]高升吉,沈保罗,杨刚.Zn-25%Al-X%Cu合金的力学性能和耐磨性的研究.特种铸造及有色合金,1998(3):16-18.
[26]潘应君,张恒,黄宁,等.Zn-Al合金在长江水中的耐蚀性研究.腐蚀科学与防护技术,2003,15(4):231-233.
[27] G. Ranganath S. C. Sharm and M. Krishn. Dry sliding wear of garnet reinforced zinc/aluminum metal matrix composites. Wear, 2001,251(1-12)1408-1413
[28] tani T, Sakai T, Hoshino K et al. Damping capacity of Zn-A1 alloy castings. Jphys, 1985, C10: 417-420.
[29] Liu Y C, Yang G C, Lu Y L et al. Damping behavior and terminological property of as-spray deposited high silicon alloy ZA27. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1999(87): 53-58.
[30] Zhang Z M, Wang JC, Xu DH et al. Influence of RE content on the damping capacity of alloy ZA27. Journal of Rare Earths, 1999, 17(2): 122-125.
[31]张学文,蔡晓兰,姜丹.高能球磨制备Zn-Al合金.上海有色金属,2009,2(30):70-72
[32]刘永红.锌铝合金的研究现状应用概况.铸造技术,2001,(1):42-44
[33]李荣德,王盈,刘敬福,等.喷射沉积ZA35合金的组织与力学性能.铸造,2007,56(4):353-355
[34]刘敬福,李荣德,李赫亮,等.铸态和喷射成形ZA35-3.5Mn合金盐雾腐蚀行为.特种铸造及有色合金,2008,28(3):232-234
[35] Li Yuan-yuan, Long Ying. Effects of Mn on microstructure and mechanical properties of modified ZA27 alloy [J]. Trans Nonferrous Met.Soc.China, 2002,12(6):1091-1094
[36]陆伟,严彪.铸造锌铝合金的研究进展及其应用.上海有色金属,2004,25(1):13-17.
[37]赵浩峰,王玲.铸造锌合金及其复合材料.北京:中国标准出版社,2002,58-79
[38]闫淑卿,谢敬佩,刘忠侠.铝含量对铸态锌基合金组织及性能的影响.铸造技术,2007(12):1619-1621
[39] Li Yuan-yuan, Luo Jun-ming, Luo Zong-qiang et al. The microstructure and wear mechanism of a novel high-strength, wear-resistant zinc alloy(ZM).Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1995,(55):154-161
[40]汤红群.高铝锌基合金时效动力学及合金摩擦磨损性能的人工神经网络预测,[硕士学位论文],广西南宁:广西大学,2006
[41]耿浩然,王守仁,王艳.铸造锌、铜合金.北京,化学工业出版社,2006,10-29
[42]张成华.硅锰对高铝锌基合金性能影响的研究:[硕士学位论文],江苏镇江:江苏大学,2008
[43] Li Yuan-yuan, Long yan. Effects of Mn content on microstructure and mechanical properties of modified ZA27 alloy. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc, china 2002, 12 (6): 1091-1094.
[44]韩礼红.新型高硬高耐磨铸造Al-Zn合金的研制:[硕士学位论文],辽宁大连:大连铁道学院,2001
[45]杨留栓,王洪敏,陈全德.高铝锌合金.西安,西北工业大学出版社,1997,58-90
[46]司乃潮,傅明喜.有色金属材料及制备.北京,化学工业出版社,2006,79-81
[47]陈体军,郝远,孙军.ZA27合金的微观组织.中国有色金属学报,2002,2(12):295-297.
[48]张伟强.金属电磁凝固原理与技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.1 23-46
[49]张勤,崔建忠,路贵民,等.电磁振荡对铝合金半固态连铸坯微观组织及溶质元素晶内含量的影响.金属学报,2003,39(10):1115-1120
[50] Chino Y, Kobata M, Iwasaki H, Mabuchi M. An investigation of compressive deformation behavior for AZ91 Mg alloy containing a small volume of liquid. Acta Materoalia, 2003, 51:3309-3318
[51]王占学.控制轧制与控制冷却.北京:冶金工业出版社,1988.
[52] Chang T C, Wang J Y. Grain refining of magnesium alloy AZ31 by rolling [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003, 140: 588-591
[53] Barnett M R, Navea M D, Bettles C J. Deformation microstructures and textures of some cold rolled Mg Alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2004, 386(1-2):205-211
[54]李俊鹏,沈健,闫晓东,等.多道次热压缩过程中7050铝合金的再结晶行为.中国有色金属学报,2009(10):1754-1759
[55]陆伟,严彪.铸造锌铝合金的研究进展及其应用.上海有色金属,2004,25(1):13-17
[56] Mukhopadhyay A Y. High strength aluminum alloys for structural application, metals materials and processes. Metals Materials and Processes, 2007,119(1):1-26
[57]陈体军,郝远,陆松,等.ZA27合金SIMA处理过程中形变量和等温温度对组织的影响.金属热处理学报,2000,(1):26-31
[58] Zhang Z M, Yang G C, Wang J C el at. Micro structural evolution of the supersaturated ZA27 alloy and its damping capacities. Materials Science,2000, 35(13):3383-3388
[59]李孝敏.工程材料的微细观结构和力学性能.中国科学技术出版社,2003.
[60]胡海明,吕乐扬.Al-Ti-B变质剂对ZA27合金组织及性能的影响.机械工程材料,1997,21(6):23-25
[61]崔忠圻,覃耀春.金属学与热处理.机械工业出版社,2008,194-208
[62] CHEN Jin-de. Research on abrasion resistance for the zinc-based bearing alloy. The proceeding of material annual conference in 1986.103-109
[2]顾春雷,张伟强,金花子,等.锌及锌合金研究及应用现状.有色金属,2003,(4):529-531
[3] Wei Xiao wei, Shen Bao luo. Effect of Zr on behavior of compressive creep in as cast ZA27 alloy. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Sot. China. 2003, 13(4): 818-823
[4] Zhao Hao-feng, Wang Ling. Casting Zn based Alloy and composites. Beijing, Standards press of China, 2002:159-197
[5]曹风江,谭建波,李文革,等.高铝锌合金的研究进展与应用概况.河北工业科技,2006,23(6):381-384
[6]陈维平,陈宛德,詹美艳,等.轧制温度和变形量对AZ31镁合金板材组织和硬度的影响.特种铸造及有色金属.2007,27(5):341
[7]孙斌熠.板带铸轧理论与技术.北京,冶金工业出版社,2002,1-10
[8] Speich.G. R. Phase Transformation in ferrous alloys(Philadelphia), TMS-AIME, Warren dale, 1984,P.341
[9] Katsumata. M.〝Recrystallization of austenite in high-temperature hot-rolling of niobium bearing steels〞,Thermo mechanical processing of micro alloyed austenite, Metallurgical society of AIME, New York,1981, 101-119
[10] Apelian D, Paliwal M, Herrschaft D C. Castings with Zinc Alloys. Metals, 1987,(96): 12-20.
[11]刘永红,张忠明,刘宏昭,等.锌铝合金的研究现状及应用概况.铸造技术,2001,(1):42-44.
[12] Amberigts M. Friction and ductility behaviors of a high strength zinc foundry Alloy. AFS Transactions, 1985,(93): 569-578.
[13] Kenazel A F. Some recent development in the improvement of the mechanical properties of zinc foundry Alloys. Metals, 1983,(9): 898-902.
[14] Gervais E. An analysis of selected properties of ZA alloys. Journal of Metals, 1985,(11): 43-47.
[15]安继儒.中外常用金属材料手册.西安,西安交通大学出版社,1990:43-45.
[16]周明,赵玉涛,周伯仪,等.Mn对ZA27合金组织与性能的影响.江苏理工大学学报,1998,19(1):60-64.
[17]李安铭,张阳.硅、锰对ZnA122CuMg合金力学性能的影响.焦作工学院学报,1999,18(1):63-66.
[18]魏晓伟,沈保罗.Zn- Al合金在压蠕变过程中微观组织变化.特种铸造及有色合金,2003, (4):5-8.
[19]田卫平,亢若古,彭茂公,等.稀土对锌铝合金ZnAl-27性能的改善.云南冶金,2002,31(4):65-70.
[20]舒震,刘金水,袁斌,等.提高高铝锌合金高温性能及耐磨性的研究.湖南大学学报,1995,22(4):70-76.
[21]冯建清,曾建明,邹永志,等.含Al量对锌基合金力学性能的影响.热加工工艺,2004,(5):8-9
[22] Delneuville P. Terminological Behavior of Zn-Al Alloys (ZA27) Compared with Bronze where used as a bearing material with High load and at very low speed. Wear, 1985,(105): 283-292.
[23]梁梅芬.高强度铸造锌合金在干摩擦条件下摩擦磨损特性之研究.固体润滑,1991,(11):114-119.
[24]夏兰廷,李桂玲,蔺虹宾.高铝锌基合金组织及性能的研究.铸造,2009,5(58):473-475
[25]高升吉,沈保罗,杨刚.Zn-25%Al-X%Cu合金的力学性能和耐磨性的研究.特种铸造及有色合金,1998(3):16-18.
[26]潘应君,张恒,黄宁,等.Zn-Al合金在长江水中的耐蚀性研究.腐蚀科学与防护技术,2003,15(4):231-233.
[27] G. Ranganath S. C. Sharm and M. Krishn. Dry sliding wear of garnet reinforced zinc/aluminum metal matrix composites. Wear, 2001,251(1-12)1408-1413
[28] tani T, Sakai T, Hoshino K et al. Damping capacity of Zn-A1 alloy castings. Jphys, 1985, C10: 417-420.
[29] Liu Y C, Yang G C, Lu Y L et al. Damping behavior and terminological property of as-spray deposited high silicon alloy ZA27. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1999(87): 53-58.
[30] Zhang Z M, Wang JC, Xu DH et al. Influence of RE content on the damping capacity of alloy ZA27. Journal of Rare Earths, 1999, 17(2): 122-125.
[31]张学文,蔡晓兰,姜丹.高能球磨制备Zn-Al合金.上海有色金属,2009,2(30):70-72
[32]刘永红.锌铝合金的研究现状应用概况.铸造技术,2001,(1):42-44
[33]李荣德,王盈,刘敬福,等.喷射沉积ZA35合金的组织与力学性能.铸造,2007,56(4):353-355
[34]刘敬福,李荣德,李赫亮,等.铸态和喷射成形ZA35-3.5Mn合金盐雾腐蚀行为.特种铸造及有色合金,2008,28(3):232-234
[35] Li Yuan-yuan, Long Ying. Effects of Mn on microstructure and mechanical properties of modified ZA27 alloy [J]. Trans Nonferrous Met.Soc.China, 2002,12(6):1091-1094
[36]陆伟,严彪.铸造锌铝合金的研究进展及其应用.上海有色金属,2004,25(1):13-17.
[37]赵浩峰,王玲.铸造锌合金及其复合材料.北京:中国标准出版社,2002,58-79
[38]闫淑卿,谢敬佩,刘忠侠.铝含量对铸态锌基合金组织及性能的影响.铸造技术,2007(12):1619-1621
[39] Li Yuan-yuan, Luo Jun-ming, Luo Zong-qiang et al. The microstructure and wear mechanism of a novel high-strength, wear-resistant zinc alloy(ZM).Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1995,(55):154-161
[40]汤红群.高铝锌基合金时效动力学及合金摩擦磨损性能的人工神经网络预测,[硕士学位论文],广西南宁:广西大学,2006
[41]耿浩然,王守仁,王艳.铸造锌、铜合金.北京,化学工业出版社,2006,10-29
[42]张成华.硅锰对高铝锌基合金性能影响的研究:[硕士学位论文],江苏镇江:江苏大学,2008
[43] Li Yuan-yuan, Long yan. Effects of Mn content on microstructure and mechanical properties of modified ZA27 alloy. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc, china 2002, 12 (6): 1091-1094.
[44]韩礼红.新型高硬高耐磨铸造Al-Zn合金的研制:[硕士学位论文],辽宁大连:大连铁道学院,2001
[45]杨留栓,王洪敏,陈全德.高铝锌合金.西安,西北工业大学出版社,1997,58-90
[46]司乃潮,傅明喜.有色金属材料及制备.北京,化学工业出版社,2006,79-81
[47]陈体军,郝远,孙军.ZA27合金的微观组织.中国有色金属学报,2002,2(12):295-297.
[48]张伟强.金属电磁凝固原理与技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.1 23-46
[49]张勤,崔建忠,路贵民,等.电磁振荡对铝合金半固态连铸坯微观组织及溶质元素晶内含量的影响.金属学报,2003,39(10):1115-1120
[50] Chino Y, Kobata M, Iwasaki H, Mabuchi M. An investigation of compressive deformation behavior for AZ91 Mg alloy containing a small volume of liquid. Acta Materoalia, 2003, 51:3309-3318
[51]王占学.控制轧制与控制冷却.北京:冶金工业出版社,1988.
[52] Chang T C, Wang J Y. Grain refining of magnesium alloy AZ31 by rolling [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003, 140: 588-591
[53] Barnett M R, Navea M D, Bettles C J. Deformation microstructures and textures of some cold rolled Mg Alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2004, 386(1-2):205-211
[54]李俊鹏,沈健,闫晓东,等.多道次热压缩过程中7050铝合金的再结晶行为.中国有色金属学报,2009(10):1754-1759
[55]陆伟,严彪.铸造锌铝合金的研究进展及其应用.上海有色金属,2004,25(1):13-17
[56] Mukhopadhyay A Y. High strength aluminum alloys for structural application, metals materials and processes. Metals Materials and Processes, 2007,119(1):1-26
[57]陈体军,郝远,陆松,等.ZA27合金SIMA处理过程中形变量和等温温度对组织的影响.金属热处理学报,2000,(1):26-31
[58] Zhang Z M, Yang G C, Wang J C el at. Micro structural evolution of the supersaturated ZA27 alloy and its damping capacities. Materials Science,2000, 35(13):3383-3388
[59]李孝敏.工程材料的微细观结构和力学性能.中国科学技术出版社,2003.
[60]胡海明,吕乐扬.Al-Ti-B变质剂对ZA27合金组织及性能的影响.机械工程材料,1997,21(6):23-25
[61]崔忠圻,覃耀春.金属学与热处理.机械工业出版社,2008,194-208
[62] CHEN Jin-de. Research on abrasion resistance for the zinc-based bearing alloy. The proceeding of material annual conference in 1986.103-109
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |