有机小分子共价修饰氧化石墨烯及其宽带光限幅性能研究
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摘要
光限幅是一种非线性光学现象,它是指当一束强光穿过光限幅材料时,材料能将其光强度降低到人眼和传感器能接受的水平。与C60、酞菁一样,由碳原子六元环组成的具有二维结构的石墨烯,也表现出潜在的光限幅性能。但是其最大的缺点就是在常见有机溶剂中的溶解度很差,从而限制了其在实际限幅器件中的应用,本论文设计和制备了一系列可溶性的小分子修饰的石墨烯衍生物,对材料的基本结构及光限幅性能进行了初步研究。
第一章系统的综述了石墨烯及衍生物的制备及其在光限幅领域的潜在应用。
第二章中通过酰胺化反应合成了锌酞菁侧向取代的氧化石墨烯(GO)杂化材料,根据XPS和FTIR谱图确认了锌酞菁和GO之间形成了酰胺键。在相同的线性消光系数下,锌酞菁共价修饰GO杂化材料在532 nm和1064 nm的非线性消光系数和宽带光限幅性能要优于GO和锌酞菁本身。
为了进一步促进光限幅性能的提高,在第三章中,合成了高度可溶的GO轴向修饰镓酞菁。轴向取代有效的阻止了酞菁的聚集,从而促进了光限幅性能的提高,GO和镓酞菁之间形成的Ga-O键通过XPS谱图能够确认。在相同浓度下,杂化材料在532 nm和1064 nm的非线性消光系数和光限幅性能要优于GO,镓酞菁和C60。
第四章,描述了N-(4-苯胺基)咔唑共价修饰GO杂化材料的合成和光限幅性能。杂化材料在532 nm和1064 nm下均具有比GO更大的非线性消光系数和更强的光限幅性能,归属于杂化材料内GO和N-(4-苯胺基)咔唑之间的推拉电子体系的形成。
为了研究GO本征的非线性光学特别是光限幅性能,在第五章中,我们通过酰胺化反应制备了POSS共价修饰GO杂化材料,杂化材料在氯仿中具有很好的溶解性,荧光强度相比GO得到增强。
Optical limiting is a nonlinear optical (NLO) phenomenon that when a bunch of light passes through the optical limiting materials, the materials can reduce its intensity to the human eyes and sensor can be acceptable level. Graphene is a new two-dimensional material comprising layers of carbon atoms arranged in six-membered rings, which has been a subject of extensive academic and commercial interest for potential use as the active materials in the fields of optical limiting properties. However, because of its poor solubility in common solvents, there are only few materials chemically derived from graphene can be used for optical limiting. In this thesis, we designed and synthesized a series of new graphene derivates covalently functionalized with organic molecules, most of which possess outstanding optical limiting properties.
In the first chapter, we highlight the important aspects of graphenes, including preparation methods, chemical modification and potential applications for optical limiting in detail.
In the second chapter, a Graphene Oxide (GO) covalently functionalized with zinc phthalocyanine (PcZn), GO-PcZn, was synthesized by amidation reaction. The formation of the amido bond between PcZn and GO was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. At the same level of linear extinction coefficient, GO-PcZn exhibited much larger nonlinear optical extinction coefficients and broadband optical limiting performance than GO at both 532 and 1064 nm.
In the third chapter, A soluble GO axially substituted gallium phthalocyanine (PcGa) hybrid material (GO-PcGa) was for the first time synthesized by the reaction of tBu4PcGaCl with GO in anhydrous DMSO at 110℃in the presence of K2CO3. The formation of a Ga-O bond between PcGa and GO was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. At the same level of concentration of 0.1 g/L, GO-PcGa exhibit much larger NLO extinction coefficients and strong OL performance than GO, tBu4PcGaCl and C6o at both 532 and 1064 nm.
In the forth chapter, GO was modified covalently with N-(4-anilinobenzoyl) carbazole using acylamidation reaction. The hybrid material exhibited lager nonlinear extinction coefficient and much better optical limiting property in comparison with GO both at 532 nm and 1064 nm. This could be due to the donor-acceptor system and the extendedπ-πconjugate of GO attributed to the introduction of N-(4-anilinobenzoyl) carbazole.
In order to study the mechanism of nonlinear optical, especially optical limiting in GO, GO-based hybrid material was synthesized by covalently bonding GO and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane together. The amido bond was shown clearly in FTIR spectra of samples. The hybrid material exhibited improved solubility in CHCl3 and enhanced fluorescence intensity in comparison with GO.
第一章系统的综述了石墨烯及衍生物的制备及其在光限幅领域的潜在应用。
第二章中通过酰胺化反应合成了锌酞菁侧向取代的氧化石墨烯(GO)杂化材料,根据XPS和FTIR谱图确认了锌酞菁和GO之间形成了酰胺键。在相同的线性消光系数下,锌酞菁共价修饰GO杂化材料在532 nm和1064 nm的非线性消光系数和宽带光限幅性能要优于GO和锌酞菁本身。
为了进一步促进光限幅性能的提高,在第三章中,合成了高度可溶的GO轴向修饰镓酞菁。轴向取代有效的阻止了酞菁的聚集,从而促进了光限幅性能的提高,GO和镓酞菁之间形成的Ga-O键通过XPS谱图能够确认。在相同浓度下,杂化材料在532 nm和1064 nm的非线性消光系数和光限幅性能要优于GO,镓酞菁和C60。
第四章,描述了N-(4-苯胺基)咔唑共价修饰GO杂化材料的合成和光限幅性能。杂化材料在532 nm和1064 nm下均具有比GO更大的非线性消光系数和更强的光限幅性能,归属于杂化材料内GO和N-(4-苯胺基)咔唑之间的推拉电子体系的形成。
为了研究GO本征的非线性光学特别是光限幅性能,在第五章中,我们通过酰胺化反应制备了POSS共价修饰GO杂化材料,杂化材料在氯仿中具有很好的溶解性,荧光强度相比GO得到增强。
Optical limiting is a nonlinear optical (NLO) phenomenon that when a bunch of light passes through the optical limiting materials, the materials can reduce its intensity to the human eyes and sensor can be acceptable level. Graphene is a new two-dimensional material comprising layers of carbon atoms arranged in six-membered rings, which has been a subject of extensive academic and commercial interest for potential use as the active materials in the fields of optical limiting properties. However, because of its poor solubility in common solvents, there are only few materials chemically derived from graphene can be used for optical limiting. In this thesis, we designed and synthesized a series of new graphene derivates covalently functionalized with organic molecules, most of which possess outstanding optical limiting properties.
In the first chapter, we highlight the important aspects of graphenes, including preparation methods, chemical modification and potential applications for optical limiting in detail.
In the second chapter, a Graphene Oxide (GO) covalently functionalized with zinc phthalocyanine (PcZn), GO-PcZn, was synthesized by amidation reaction. The formation of the amido bond between PcZn and GO was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. At the same level of linear extinction coefficient, GO-PcZn exhibited much larger nonlinear optical extinction coefficients and broadband optical limiting performance than GO at both 532 and 1064 nm.
In the third chapter, A soluble GO axially substituted gallium phthalocyanine (PcGa) hybrid material (GO-PcGa) was for the first time synthesized by the reaction of tBu4PcGaCl with GO in anhydrous DMSO at 110℃in the presence of K2CO3. The formation of a Ga-O bond between PcGa and GO was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. At the same level of concentration of 0.1 g/L, GO-PcGa exhibit much larger NLO extinction coefficients and strong OL performance than GO, tBu4PcGaCl and C6o at both 532 and 1064 nm.
In the forth chapter, GO was modified covalently with N-(4-anilinobenzoyl) carbazole using acylamidation reaction. The hybrid material exhibited lager nonlinear extinction coefficient and much better optical limiting property in comparison with GO both at 532 nm and 1064 nm. This could be due to the donor-acceptor system and the extendedπ-πconjugate of GO attributed to the introduction of N-(4-anilinobenzoyl) carbazole.
In order to study the mechanism of nonlinear optical, especially optical limiting in GO, GO-based hybrid material was synthesized by covalently bonding GO and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane together. The amido bond was shown clearly in FTIR spectra of samples. The hybrid material exhibited improved solubility in CHCl3 and enhanced fluorescence intensity in comparison with GO.
引文
Jinhui Zhu, Yu Chen*, Jun Wang, Yong-Xi Li, Bin Zhang, Jinjuan Zhang, Ying He, Werner J. Blau. Synthesis and strong optical limiting response of graphene oxide covalently functionalized with gallium phthalocyanine. Nanotechnology, under review (2010)
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