本安型瞬变电磁仪及其探测技术研究
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摘要
随着矿井开采深度的进一步加大,矿井水文地质条件愈加复杂,各种矿井水害时有发生。瞬变电磁法作为一种非接触式的时间域电磁法对赋水地质体具有独特的响应优势,而目前国内外尚无一款真正适合矿井爆炸性环境瞬变电磁仪,这极大地限制了瞬变电磁技术在矿井领域的广泛推广与应用。
论文在全空间电磁场的理论基础上,通过数值模拟和物理模型实验,研究了矿井瞬变电磁波场传播规律及其特点,并对采集信号动态范围、频带特征及电磁噪声的特点进行了讨论;围绕矿井特殊环境下瞬变电磁仪器的小功率、小线圈、大测深等技术要求,提出矿井本安型瞬变电磁仪器(MTEM)研究与设计思路,并试制了具体原理样机。通过相关测试与对比实验,深入分析了本安型瞬变电磁样机的基本性能,异常体的分辨能力、抗干扰能力、关断时间等性能都进行了对比实验,结果认为试制的样机对矿井特殊条件具有良好的适应性,其探测精度达到预定的测试技术要求;
结合模拟实验对矿井瞬变电磁特殊观测系统及其数据处理等关键技术进行研究,将扇形观测系统运用于巷道迎头的超前地质预测预报,代替常规的“U型”观测系统,提高了数据采集质量及其利用率;结合关断时间校正,提高对浅层目标体的分辨率;并进一步修正了巷道条件下的时—深转换关系系数,并编制了矿井瞬变电磁探测数据处理软件系统。
通过顾桥南翼轨道大巷现场探测及3000m巷道探采跟踪对比实验,其结果准确率为85%,进一步完善瞬变电磁法现场观测技术方法,努力形成一套便捷实用的矿井瞬变电磁技术系统,为今后进一步的探测应用打下基础。
论文结合目前瞬变电磁研究现状,进一步提出了矿井瞬变电磁法勘探技术研究的方向,必须加强对数据采集与分析技术的研究程度。
With the further depth of mining increased ,the conditions of mine hydrogeolog- ical become more complicated, a variety of mine water damage has aways happened. TEM as a non-contact time domain electromagnetic method for the given water body has a unique geological advantages, At present,there is no really a suitable transient electromagnetic Miriam for explosive mine environment both at home and abroad, This greatly limits the transient electromagnetic technology Promote and applicate widely in the mine field.
This paper basis on the theoretical that in the full- space for electromagnetic field, from numerical simulation and physical model test, Studied the spread of the mine transient electromagnetic discipline and its features, and discusse the acquisition signal dynamicrange,frequency band characteristics and the characteristics of electromagnetic noise;Surrounding the special circumstances of mine transient electromagnetic appara- tus of low power, small coils, and other great sounding technical requirements, propose research and design ideas of the mine transient electromagnetic(MTEM) security apparatus,and trial specific prototype.Through related testing and experimental comparison, analyse the basic properties of the transient electromagnetic prototype deeply, consider the trial of prototype has a good adaptability to the special conditions of mine, The detection accuracy of the technical reach the requirements of the test book; research combined with simulation of the special observation data processing system of mine transient electromagnetic and its key technologies, fan-shaped obverv- ing system will be used in head-on tunnel to predict geology,to replace the conventional "U-type" observing system, and improve the quality of the data collection and utilization; Combinate with off-time correction, improve the resolution of shallow goal;A further amendments to the relationship between deep-conversion coefficient of the roadway conditions have started off , and draw up a mine detection of transient electromagnetic data processing software systems.
Through the scene detection on the roadway in south of guqian and exploration tracking comparative experiment on 3000m roadway, we improve the scene observati- on techniques method of Transient electromagnetic technique ,and work hard to form a convenient and practical mine transient electromagnetic technology systems for the foundation of the further detection application.
The paper proposed the research direction of mine transient electromagnetic met- hod, trengthen the study degree of data collection and analysis that combined with the current research of transient electromagnetic and electromagnetic.
论文在全空间电磁场的理论基础上,通过数值模拟和物理模型实验,研究了矿井瞬变电磁波场传播规律及其特点,并对采集信号动态范围、频带特征及电磁噪声的特点进行了讨论;围绕矿井特殊环境下瞬变电磁仪器的小功率、小线圈、大测深等技术要求,提出矿井本安型瞬变电磁仪器(MTEM)研究与设计思路,并试制了具体原理样机。通过相关测试与对比实验,深入分析了本安型瞬变电磁样机的基本性能,异常体的分辨能力、抗干扰能力、关断时间等性能都进行了对比实验,结果认为试制的样机对矿井特殊条件具有良好的适应性,其探测精度达到预定的测试技术要求;
结合模拟实验对矿井瞬变电磁特殊观测系统及其数据处理等关键技术进行研究,将扇形观测系统运用于巷道迎头的超前地质预测预报,代替常规的“U型”观测系统,提高了数据采集质量及其利用率;结合关断时间校正,提高对浅层目标体的分辨率;并进一步修正了巷道条件下的时—深转换关系系数,并编制了矿井瞬变电磁探测数据处理软件系统。
通过顾桥南翼轨道大巷现场探测及3000m巷道探采跟踪对比实验,其结果准确率为85%,进一步完善瞬变电磁法现场观测技术方法,努力形成一套便捷实用的矿井瞬变电磁技术系统,为今后进一步的探测应用打下基础。
论文结合目前瞬变电磁研究现状,进一步提出了矿井瞬变电磁法勘探技术研究的方向,必须加强对数据采集与分析技术的研究程度。
With the further depth of mining increased ,the conditions of mine hydrogeolog- ical become more complicated, a variety of mine water damage has aways happened. TEM as a non-contact time domain electromagnetic method for the given water body has a unique geological advantages, At present,there is no really a suitable transient electromagnetic Miriam for explosive mine environment both at home and abroad, This greatly limits the transient electromagnetic technology Promote and applicate widely in the mine field.
This paper basis on the theoretical that in the full- space for electromagnetic field, from numerical simulation and physical model test, Studied the spread of the mine transient electromagnetic discipline and its features, and discusse the acquisition signal dynamicrange,frequency band characteristics and the characteristics of electromagnetic noise;Surrounding the special circumstances of mine transient electromagnetic appara- tus of low power, small coils, and other great sounding technical requirements, propose research and design ideas of the mine transient electromagnetic(MTEM) security apparatus,and trial specific prototype.Through related testing and experimental comparison, analyse the basic properties of the transient electromagnetic prototype deeply, consider the trial of prototype has a good adaptability to the special conditions of mine, The detection accuracy of the technical reach the requirements of the test book; research combined with simulation of the special observation data processing system of mine transient electromagnetic and its key technologies, fan-shaped obverv- ing system will be used in head-on tunnel to predict geology,to replace the conventional "U-type" observing system, and improve the quality of the data collection and utilization; Combinate with off-time correction, improve the resolution of shallow goal;A further amendments to the relationship between deep-conversion coefficient of the roadway conditions have started off , and draw up a mine detection of transient electromagnetic data processing software systems.
Through the scene detection on the roadway in south of guqian and exploration tracking comparative experiment on 3000m roadway, we improve the scene observati- on techniques method of Transient electromagnetic technique ,and work hard to form a convenient and practical mine transient electromagnetic technology systems for the foundation of the further detection application.
The paper proposed the research direction of mine transient electromagnetic met- hod, trengthen the study degree of data collection and analysis that combined with the current research of transient electromagnetic and electromagnetic.
引文
[1]武军杰.瞬变电磁新技术在隧道超前地质预报中的应用研究.[硕士论文]长安大学,2005
[2]李志聃.煤田电法勘探.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1990
[3]郑永祥,郗金栋.矿井无线电透视法试验研究.煤田地质与勘探.1978.03:22-31
[4]何峰,蒋维庆.矿井音频电透视的应用.中国煤炭学会第六届青年科技学术研讨会论文集.2000
[5]于景邨.矿井瞬变电磁理论与应用技术研究.[博士学位论文]中国矿业大学.1999
[6]刘辉.红外探水在隧道拱顶承压水体运移检测中的应用.铁道建筑.2008(8)
[7]曹军.煤矿突水构造矿井瞬变电磁响应特征三维正演数值模拟研究.[硕士论文]中国矿业大学.2007
[8]唐新功,胡文宝,严良俊.层状地层中三维薄板的瞬变电磁响应.石油地球物理勘探.2000.10,35(5):628-633.
[9]牛之琏.一维层状大地的瞬变电磁测深正演计算.煤田地质与勘探.1991(6)
[10]殷长春,刘斌.瞬变电磁法三维问题正演及激电效应特征研究.地球物理学报.1994.8,37(增):486-49.
[11]阎述,陈明生.线源频率电磁测深二维正演.煤田地质与勘探.1999.27(5,6):60-62,56-59
[12]刘继东.地面大回线源在地下形成的瞬变电磁场的反演研究.物探化探计算技术.1998(2)
[13]阮百尧.Guptasarma算法在瞬变电磁正演计算中的应用.桂林工学院学报.1996(2)
[14]牛之琏.时间域电磁法原理.中南大学出版社.2007
[15]李金铭等.电法勘探新进展.北京.地质出版社.1996
[16]方文藻,李予国.大回线法瞬变电磁测深正演计算.煤田地质与勘探.1991(2)
[17]陈小斌,胡文宝.有限元直接迭代算法及其在线源频率域电磁响应计算中的应用.地球物理学报.45(1):119-130
[18]黄俊革,阮百尧.三维电阻率测深有限元正演模拟中的边界影响.石油地球物理勘探.2004.11,39(增):71-74
[19]岳建华,姜志海.矿井瞬变电磁探测与应用.能源技术与管理.2006(5)
[20]刘志新.矿井瞬变电磁场分布规律与应用研究.[博士学位论文]中国矿业大学.2007
[21]姜志海.巷道掘进工作面瞬变电磁超前探测机理与技术研究.中国矿业大学.2008
[22]于景邨.矿井瞬变电磁法勘探.中国矿业大学出版社.2007
[23]将邦远.实用近区磁源瞬变电磁法勘探.地质出版社.1998
[24] Jin-Fa Lee and Nicholas Buris.Sloving Maxwell’s equations by edge element time domin methods.IEEE,1994,vol.3:1756-1759.
[25] Wait J R.Transient EM propagation in a conducting medium.Geophysics,1951,vol.16:213-21
[26] Nemman G A and Hohmann G W.Time-domain EM response of a three-dimensional body in a layered earth.54th Annual International SEG meeting,1986,67-69
[27] Knight J H and Raiche A P.Transient electromagnetic caulculations using the Gaver-Stehfest inverse Laplace transform method.Geophysics,1982,vol.47(1):47-50
[28] Nabighian M N.Quasi-stati transient response of a conducting half-space An approximate representation.Geophysics,1979,vol.44:1700-1705
[29] Efthimios Tartarts,Michael S. Zhdanov,Fast Imaging of TEM data based on S-inversion.Journal of Applied Geophysics,Vol.43,2000,15-32.
[30] A.P. Raiche and B.R. Spies, coincident loop transient electromagnetic master curves for interpretation of two-layer earths. Geophysics,Vol.46,No.1,1981,53-64。
[31] Richard S. Smith,R.N. Edwards,An automatic technique for presentation of coincident-loop impulse-response transient electromagnetic data.Geophysics,Vol.59,No.10,1994,1542-1550。
[32]周国华.基于DSP的瞬变电磁探测系统设计与实现.[硕士论文]吉林大学.2006
[33]王静.ATTM发射机发送电流下降沿记录关键技术研究.[硕士论文]吉林大学.2004
[34]张和生,王立文.一种高精度数据采集的电路设计.计算机测量与控制.2004(06)
[35]张建平等.TEM数据采集系统中数字滤波器设计.信息工程大学学报.1999(03)
[36]李实等.工程勘探瞬变电磁仪关键技术研究.煤田地质与勘探.2001(01)
[37]赵长春,赵丽云.新型瞬变电磁仪的研制与应用.山西教育学院学报.1999(03)
[38]李实等.高性能瞬变电磁的研制及应用.物探与化探.2000(01)
[39]汪文秉.瞬态电磁场.西安交通大学出版社.1991
[40]乔松,周锰钰,白郎.勘探电磁场论.中国矿业大学出版社.1991
[41]王长青,祝西里.电磁场计算中的时域有限差分.北京大学出版社.1994
[42]金建铭.电磁场有限元方法.西安电子科技大学.1998
[43]阎照文.电磁场新型等效源法.北京工业大学出版社2003
[44]刘圣民.电磁场的数值方法.华中理工大学出版社.1991
[45]周克定.工程电磁场数值计算理论方法与应用.高等教育出版社.1994
[46] Kaufman A.A. and Keller G.V. .频率域和时间域电磁测深地质出版社.1987.
[47]薛国强等.瞬变电磁法理论与应用研究进展.地球物理学进展.2007(04)
[2]李志聃.煤田电法勘探.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1990
[3]郑永祥,郗金栋.矿井无线电透视法试验研究.煤田地质与勘探.1978.03:22-31
[4]何峰,蒋维庆.矿井音频电透视的应用.中国煤炭学会第六届青年科技学术研讨会论文集.2000
[5]于景邨.矿井瞬变电磁理论与应用技术研究.[博士学位论文]中国矿业大学.1999
[6]刘辉.红外探水在隧道拱顶承压水体运移检测中的应用.铁道建筑.2008(8)
[7]曹军.煤矿突水构造矿井瞬变电磁响应特征三维正演数值模拟研究.[硕士论文]中国矿业大学.2007
[8]唐新功,胡文宝,严良俊.层状地层中三维薄板的瞬变电磁响应.石油地球物理勘探.2000.10,35(5):628-633.
[9]牛之琏.一维层状大地的瞬变电磁测深正演计算.煤田地质与勘探.1991(6)
[10]殷长春,刘斌.瞬变电磁法三维问题正演及激电效应特征研究.地球物理学报.1994.8,37(增):486-49.
[11]阎述,陈明生.线源频率电磁测深二维正演.煤田地质与勘探.1999.27(5,6):60-62,56-59
[12]刘继东.地面大回线源在地下形成的瞬变电磁场的反演研究.物探化探计算技术.1998(2)
[13]阮百尧.Guptasarma算法在瞬变电磁正演计算中的应用.桂林工学院学报.1996(2)
[14]牛之琏.时间域电磁法原理.中南大学出版社.2007
[15]李金铭等.电法勘探新进展.北京.地质出版社.1996
[16]方文藻,李予国.大回线法瞬变电磁测深正演计算.煤田地质与勘探.1991(2)
[17]陈小斌,胡文宝.有限元直接迭代算法及其在线源频率域电磁响应计算中的应用.地球物理学报.45(1):119-130
[18]黄俊革,阮百尧.三维电阻率测深有限元正演模拟中的边界影响.石油地球物理勘探.2004.11,39(增):71-74
[19]岳建华,姜志海.矿井瞬变电磁探测与应用.能源技术与管理.2006(5)
[20]刘志新.矿井瞬变电磁场分布规律与应用研究.[博士学位论文]中国矿业大学.2007
[21]姜志海.巷道掘进工作面瞬变电磁超前探测机理与技术研究.中国矿业大学.2008
[22]于景邨.矿井瞬变电磁法勘探.中国矿业大学出版社.2007
[23]将邦远.实用近区磁源瞬变电磁法勘探.地质出版社.1998
[24] Jin-Fa Lee and Nicholas Buris.Sloving Maxwell’s equations by edge element time domin methods.IEEE,1994,vol.3:1756-1759.
[25] Wait J R.Transient EM propagation in a conducting medium.Geophysics,1951,vol.16:213-21
[26] Nemman G A and Hohmann G W.Time-domain EM response of a three-dimensional body in a layered earth.54th Annual International SEG meeting,1986,67-69
[27] Knight J H and Raiche A P.Transient electromagnetic caulculations using the Gaver-Stehfest inverse Laplace transform method.Geophysics,1982,vol.47(1):47-50
[28] Nabighian M N.Quasi-stati transient response of a conducting half-space An approximate representation.Geophysics,1979,vol.44:1700-1705
[29] Efthimios Tartarts,Michael S. Zhdanov,Fast Imaging of TEM data based on S-inversion.Journal of Applied Geophysics,Vol.43,2000,15-32.
[30] A.P. Raiche and B.R. Spies, coincident loop transient electromagnetic master curves for interpretation of two-layer earths. Geophysics,Vol.46,No.1,1981,53-64。
[31] Richard S. Smith,R.N. Edwards,An automatic technique for presentation of coincident-loop impulse-response transient electromagnetic data.Geophysics,Vol.59,No.10,1994,1542-1550。
[32]周国华.基于DSP的瞬变电磁探测系统设计与实现.[硕士论文]吉林大学.2006
[33]王静.ATTM发射机发送电流下降沿记录关键技术研究.[硕士论文]吉林大学.2004
[34]张和生,王立文.一种高精度数据采集的电路设计.计算机测量与控制.2004(06)
[35]张建平等.TEM数据采集系统中数字滤波器设计.信息工程大学学报.1999(03)
[36]李实等.工程勘探瞬变电磁仪关键技术研究.煤田地质与勘探.2001(01)
[37]赵长春,赵丽云.新型瞬变电磁仪的研制与应用.山西教育学院学报.1999(03)
[38]李实等.高性能瞬变电磁的研制及应用.物探与化探.2000(01)
[39]汪文秉.瞬态电磁场.西安交通大学出版社.1991
[40]乔松,周锰钰,白郎.勘探电磁场论.中国矿业大学出版社.1991
[41]王长青,祝西里.电磁场计算中的时域有限差分.北京大学出版社.1994
[42]金建铭.电磁场有限元方法.西安电子科技大学.1998
[43]阎照文.电磁场新型等效源法.北京工业大学出版社2003
[44]刘圣民.电磁场的数值方法.华中理工大学出版社.1991
[45]周克定.工程电磁场数值计算理论方法与应用.高等教育出版社.1994
[46] Kaufman A.A. and Keller G.V. .频率域和时间域电磁测深地质出版社.1987.
[47]薛国强等.瞬变电磁法理论与应用研究进展.地球物理学进展.2007(04)
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