一维光子晶体滤波器的设计及性能研究
摘要
光子晶体最本质特征是具有光子带隙,即频率处于光子带隙范围内的光或电磁波在光子晶体中传播是被严格禁止的。光子晶体的性能是由其光子能带结构决定的,而光子能带结构取决于组份材料(介电常数)和空间结构。组成一维光子晶体的组份材料通常是两种不同的介电材料,这两种材料一旦确定,光子晶体的性能就主要靠其结构设计来调节和控制。本论文以实验制备的组份膜的光学常数为依据,研究不同结构光子晶体的光子能带结构。为了获得不同滤波性能的一维光子晶体,着重研究了性能与结构参数之间的关系。
一,采用射频磁控溅射方法在玻璃基片上制备TiO2和Al2O3单层膜,利用椭圆偏振法研究薄膜的光学常数。首先利用椭偏仪测量得到样品的椭偏参数,通过反演计算,拟合得到薄膜光学常数对波长的色散关系,并将反演计算得到的透射谱与实验测试结果进行对比,二者吻合,从而验证了拟合结果的正确性,为结构设计提供了准确的材料光学性能参数。
二,以TiO2和Al2O3为组分材料设计了结构为(HL)mL(HL)n的一维缺陷光子晶体。为了研究该结构的滤波性能并对其优化,利用传输矩阵方法拟合计算了不同结构的光学透射谱。研究结果显示,该种结构光子晶体的光子带隙中央存在一个极窄的透射窗口；通过调整缺陷层前后的光子晶体重复周期、缺陷层厚度和波的入射角可以改变窄带透过窗口的位置和窄带的宽度；经过结构优化,在m=19、n=20、缺陷层光学厚度为387.5nm时,窄带透过窗口的波长在参考波长(1550nm)处,且其半功率带宽小于0.001nm,窗口内的透射率可以接近100%。
三,以TiO2和Al2O3为组分材料设计了结构为(HL)m(KHκL)m的异质结结构一维光子晶体。分别研究了(HL)m的重复周期、周期厚度和入射角对光子带隙的位置、p偏振和s偏振光所产生的影响。同时,在电磁波斜入射的条件下,利用(HL)m与(κHκL)m的p偏振光的能带叠加,设计出在带隙区域内,获得允许p偏振光透过而阻止s偏振光透过的偏振带通滤波器。该滤波器具有膜层较少、小型化和类矩形等特点,制作简单,具有实用价值。
Photonic crystal (PC) is characterized by its photonic bandgap (PBG), where the transport of light or electromagnetic with the frequency falling in the gap is strictly forbidden. The properties of PCs are determined by the photonic band structures (PBS), which rely on the constituent materials (refraction indices) and their spatial structures. PCs are usually composed of two dielectric materials with different refractive indices. Once the constituent materials are chosen, the properties of the PCs are controlled by structure design. Based on the experimentally measured optical constants of the thin films, this work studies the PBS of various structures, and focuses on the relationship between defect structure and the properties of filters based on one-dimensional photonic crystal.
Firstly, TiO2 and SiO2 thin films were prepared on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering, respectively. The optical constants were determined by the ellipsometry with inversion calculation of the two ellipsometric parameters. The dispersion relationship between thin-film optical constants and wavelength was determined. It was found the inversion calculation of the transmission spectra matched the experimental results, which further verified the simulated results. Those results could provide accurate material optical properties for design of filter structure.
Secondly, a defect structure (HL) mL (HL)n of one-dimensional photonic crystal was designed, using TiO2 and Al2O3 as layered constituents. In order to study and optimize the structures of filters, the transfer matrix method was adopted to simulate the optical properties. The results showed that:1) there is a very narrow central transmission window within the photonic band gap; 2) the window position and its width changes while the repetition number of structures aside the defect-layer, the thickness of the defect-layer and the incidence angle are adjusted; 3) when m=19, n=20 and the optical thickness of defect-layer is 387.5nm, the window width can be smaller than O.OOlnm with the window position in 1550nm and the window transmittance almost reaches to 100%.
Thirdly, the hetero-structure of (HL)m (κHκL)m was designed again, using the TiO2 and Al2O3 layers as components. The influence of repetition number, thickness, incidence angle of the one-dimensional photonic crystal (HL) m on the photonic band gap position, p-and s-polarized light were investigated. At oblique incidence, a filter allowing p-polarized light to pass, but blocking s-polarized light was designed within the photonic band gap by overlaying the p-polarized energy bands. The structure of these filters contains small number of coatings, and has quasi-rectangular characteristics, which makes them economic and practically applicable.
一,采用射频磁控溅射方法在玻璃基片上制备TiO2和Al2O3单层膜,利用椭圆偏振法研究薄膜的光学常数。首先利用椭偏仪测量得到样品的椭偏参数,通过反演计算,拟合得到薄膜光学常数对波长的色散关系,并将反演计算得到的透射谱与实验测试结果进行对比,二者吻合,从而验证了拟合结果的正确性,为结构设计提供了准确的材料光学性能参数。
二,以TiO2和Al2O3为组分材料设计了结构为(HL)mL(HL)n的一维缺陷光子晶体。为了研究该结构的滤波性能并对其优化,利用传输矩阵方法拟合计算了不同结构的光学透射谱。研究结果显示,该种结构光子晶体的光子带隙中央存在一个极窄的透射窗口；通过调整缺陷层前后的光子晶体重复周期、缺陷层厚度和波的入射角可以改变窄带透过窗口的位置和窄带的宽度；经过结构优化,在m=19、n=20、缺陷层光学厚度为387.5nm时,窄带透过窗口的波长在参考波长(1550nm)处,且其半功率带宽小于0.001nm,窗口内的透射率可以接近100%。
三,以TiO2和Al2O3为组分材料设计了结构为(HL)m(KHκL)m的异质结结构一维光子晶体。分别研究了(HL)m的重复周期、周期厚度和入射角对光子带隙的位置、p偏振和s偏振光所产生的影响。同时,在电磁波斜入射的条件下,利用(HL)m与(κHκL)m的p偏振光的能带叠加,设计出在带隙区域内,获得允许p偏振光透过而阻止s偏振光透过的偏振带通滤波器。该滤波器具有膜层较少、小型化和类矩形等特点,制作简单,具有实用价值。
Photonic crystal (PC) is characterized by its photonic bandgap (PBG), where the transport of light or electromagnetic with the frequency falling in the gap is strictly forbidden. The properties of PCs are determined by the photonic band structures (PBS), which rely on the constituent materials (refraction indices) and their spatial structures. PCs are usually composed of two dielectric materials with different refractive indices. Once the constituent materials are chosen, the properties of the PCs are controlled by structure design. Based on the experimentally measured optical constants of the thin films, this work studies the PBS of various structures, and focuses on the relationship between defect structure and the properties of filters based on one-dimensional photonic crystal.
Firstly, TiO2 and SiO2 thin films were prepared on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering, respectively. The optical constants were determined by the ellipsometry with inversion calculation of the two ellipsometric parameters. The dispersion relationship between thin-film optical constants and wavelength was determined. It was found the inversion calculation of the transmission spectra matched the experimental results, which further verified the simulated results. Those results could provide accurate material optical properties for design of filter structure.
Secondly, a defect structure (HL) mL (HL)n of one-dimensional photonic crystal was designed, using TiO2 and Al2O3 as layered constituents. In order to study and optimize the structures of filters, the transfer matrix method was adopted to simulate the optical properties. The results showed that:1) there is a very narrow central transmission window within the photonic band gap; 2) the window position and its width changes while the repetition number of structures aside the defect-layer, the thickness of the defect-layer and the incidence angle are adjusted; 3) when m=19, n=20 and the optical thickness of defect-layer is 387.5nm, the window width can be smaller than O.OOlnm with the window position in 1550nm and the window transmittance almost reaches to 100%.
Thirdly, the hetero-structure of (HL)m (κHκL)m was designed again, using the TiO2 and Al2O3 layers as components. The influence of repetition number, thickness, incidence angle of the one-dimensional photonic crystal (HL) m on the photonic band gap position, p-and s-polarized light were investigated. At oblique incidence, a filter allowing p-polarized light to pass, but blocking s-polarized light was designed within the photonic band gap by overlaying the p-polarized energy bands. The structure of these filters contains small number of coatings, and has quasi-rectangular characteristics, which makes them economic and practically applicable.
引文
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