铜尾矿废弃地生态恢复过程中植物群落与基质性质变化研究
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摘要
本研究以杨山冲尾矿废弃地早期人工恢复坡面(YSC)和水木冲尾矿废弃地近期人工恢复坡面(SMC)为对象,采用理化分析法研究了两尾矿废弃地不同人工恢复坡面基质理化性质、基质微生物量、呼吸作用强度、基质酶活性以及植物体内养分与金属元素含量变化,探讨了不同植被群落的组成与结构对尾矿废弃地中重金属迁移、土壤微生物量和酶活性等的影响。结果表明：
(1)YSC中覆土白茅A、B层基质养分含量最高,SMC中早期栽种香根草A、B基质养分状况较好。有效态Cu、Zn及总量金属Al、Ca和Fe在两尾矿废弃地不同人工恢复坡面基质中的含量均最高,且不同有效态重金属和总量金属在基质垂直方向上的变化较复杂。对比发现,YSC中基质理化性质与有效态重金属、总量金属之间相关性较好。
(2)YSC中覆土白茅A、B层基质具有较高的微生物量C、N和较低的呼吸作用强度及代谢熵。SMC中早期栽种香根草A、B层基质具有较高的微生物量C、N,且白茅群落下基质呼吸作用最强。微生物量C、N和呼吸作用在两尾矿废弃地不同人工恢复坡面基质垂直方向上基本表现为自上而下逐渐减小。与YSC相比,SMC基质中这4种微生物学指标与基质理化性质、有效态重金属以及总量金属之间的相关性较差。
(3)在YSC覆土白茅A、B层基质,SMC早期栽种香根草A、B层基质中,土壤脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和脲酶的活性均较高。这4种酶活性在两尾矿废弃地不同人工恢复坡面基质垂直方向上基本表现为自上而下逐渐降低。对比发现,YSC基质中4种土壤酶活性之间及其与基质理化性质、有效态重金属、总量金属、4种微生物学指标之间的相关性明显好于SMC。
(4)YSC中紫穗槐体内总氮含量最高,盐肤木体内总磷含量最高,且总磷、总氮之间呈显著正相关。SMC内中期香根草植物体内总氮和总磷含量均最高,且总磷、总氮之间无显著相关性。YSC中,草本植物对重金属富集能力较强,其中矛叶荩草对Al、Cu、Fe、As、Cd和Cr富集量均最高,重金属元素之间相关性较好,但对植物体内氮、磷影响较小。SMC中香根草体内重金属积累量较大,重金属元素之间相关性较差,但对植物体内总磷影响较大。
With the artificial recovery slopes of Yangshanchong (YSC) and Shuimuchong (SMC) copper mine tailings as test objects, this paper studied the soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial biomass, soil respiration, soil enzyme activities and the contents of nutrient and metal elements inside plant, using methods of physicochemical analysis. The main objective of this paper was to explore the effect of structure and composition of different vegetation communities on heavy metal migration, microbial biomass C and N, and soil enzyme activities. The results indicated that:
(1) The content of soil nutrient in the substrates (layers A and B) under covering Imperata cylindrica community was highest at YSC. The soil nutrient in the substrates (layers A and B) under early vetiver grass communities was comparatively well at SMC. The contents of available heavy metals (Cu. Zn) and total heavy metals (Al, Ca and Fe) were highest, and the change of available heavy metals and total metals in vertical direction was more complicated at YSC and SMC. In addition, the correlation between physicochemical properties and available heavy metals and total metals at YSC is better than SMC.
(2) The soil microbial biomass C and N were relatively high, and the soil respiration and metabolic quotient were lower in the substrates (layers A and B) under covering Imperata cylindrica community at YSC. The soil microbial biomass C and N were quite high in the substrates (layers A and B) under early vetiver grass communities, and soil respiration was strongest under Imperata cylindrica community at SMC. The soil microbial biomass C and N, and respiration presented as decreases gradually in the soil vertical (from up and down) at YSC and SMC. Compare with YSC, the correlation between four soil microbial indicator and physicochemical properties, available heavy metal and total metals is poor at SMC
(3) The activities of dehydrogenase. catalase, alkaline phosphatase and urease was higher in the substrates (layers A and B) under covering Imperata cylindrica community at YSC and in the substrates (layers A and B) under early vetiver grass communities at SMC. The activities of four soil enzymes presented as decreases gradually in the soil vertical (from up and down) at YSC and SMC. Furthermore, the correlation between the activities of four soil enzymes and physicochemical properties, available heavy metal and total metals at YSC is much better than SMC.
(4) The content of total nitrogen was biggest in Amorpha fruticos, and the content of total phosphorus was highest in Rhus chinensis. and a significant positive correlation was presented between total nitrogen and total phpsphorus at YSC. Meanwhile, the highest content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus was accumulated in middle vetiver grass communities, and these had no significant correlation between total nitrogen and total phpsphorus at SMC. The metal elements enrichment in herb was stronger than woody, and the contents of Al, Cu, Fe, As, Cd and Cr were highest in Arthraxon prionodes, and the link of those metal elements was more closely each other, but they had less effect to total nitrogen and total phosphorus at YSC. In additional, the accumulations of different heavy metal were bigger in Vetiveria zizanioiaes at SMC. Compare with YSC, the correlation of different metal elements was less at SMC, but they had larger effect to total nitrogen and total phosphorus.
(1)YSC中覆土白茅A、B层基质养分含量最高,SMC中早期栽种香根草A、B基质养分状况较好。有效态Cu、Zn及总量金属Al、Ca和Fe在两尾矿废弃地不同人工恢复坡面基质中的含量均最高,且不同有效态重金属和总量金属在基质垂直方向上的变化较复杂。对比发现,YSC中基质理化性质与有效态重金属、总量金属之间相关性较好。
(2)YSC中覆土白茅A、B层基质具有较高的微生物量C、N和较低的呼吸作用强度及代谢熵。SMC中早期栽种香根草A、B层基质具有较高的微生物量C、N,且白茅群落下基质呼吸作用最强。微生物量C、N和呼吸作用在两尾矿废弃地不同人工恢复坡面基质垂直方向上基本表现为自上而下逐渐减小。与YSC相比,SMC基质中这4种微生物学指标与基质理化性质、有效态重金属以及总量金属之间的相关性较差。
(3)在YSC覆土白茅A、B层基质,SMC早期栽种香根草A、B层基质中,土壤脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和脲酶的活性均较高。这4种酶活性在两尾矿废弃地不同人工恢复坡面基质垂直方向上基本表现为自上而下逐渐降低。对比发现,YSC基质中4种土壤酶活性之间及其与基质理化性质、有效态重金属、总量金属、4种微生物学指标之间的相关性明显好于SMC。
(4)YSC中紫穗槐体内总氮含量最高,盐肤木体内总磷含量最高,且总磷、总氮之间呈显著正相关。SMC内中期香根草植物体内总氮和总磷含量均最高,且总磷、总氮之间无显著相关性。YSC中,草本植物对重金属富集能力较强,其中矛叶荩草对Al、Cu、Fe、As、Cd和Cr富集量均最高,重金属元素之间相关性较好,但对植物体内氮、磷影响较小。SMC中香根草体内重金属积累量较大,重金属元素之间相关性较差,但对植物体内总磷影响较大。
With the artificial recovery slopes of Yangshanchong (YSC) and Shuimuchong (SMC) copper mine tailings as test objects, this paper studied the soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial biomass, soil respiration, soil enzyme activities and the contents of nutrient and metal elements inside plant, using methods of physicochemical analysis. The main objective of this paper was to explore the effect of structure and composition of different vegetation communities on heavy metal migration, microbial biomass C and N, and soil enzyme activities. The results indicated that:
(1) The content of soil nutrient in the substrates (layers A and B) under covering Imperata cylindrica community was highest at YSC. The soil nutrient in the substrates (layers A and B) under early vetiver grass communities was comparatively well at SMC. The contents of available heavy metals (Cu. Zn) and total heavy metals (Al, Ca and Fe) were highest, and the change of available heavy metals and total metals in vertical direction was more complicated at YSC and SMC. In addition, the correlation between physicochemical properties and available heavy metals and total metals at YSC is better than SMC.
(2) The soil microbial biomass C and N were relatively high, and the soil respiration and metabolic quotient were lower in the substrates (layers A and B) under covering Imperata cylindrica community at YSC. The soil microbial biomass C and N were quite high in the substrates (layers A and B) under early vetiver grass communities, and soil respiration was strongest under Imperata cylindrica community at SMC. The soil microbial biomass C and N, and respiration presented as decreases gradually in the soil vertical (from up and down) at YSC and SMC. Compare with YSC, the correlation between four soil microbial indicator and physicochemical properties, available heavy metal and total metals is poor at SMC
(3) The activities of dehydrogenase. catalase, alkaline phosphatase and urease was higher in the substrates (layers A and B) under covering Imperata cylindrica community at YSC and in the substrates (layers A and B) under early vetiver grass communities at SMC. The activities of four soil enzymes presented as decreases gradually in the soil vertical (from up and down) at YSC and SMC. Furthermore, the correlation between the activities of four soil enzymes and physicochemical properties, available heavy metal and total metals at YSC is much better than SMC.
(4) The content of total nitrogen was biggest in Amorpha fruticos, and the content of total phosphorus was highest in Rhus chinensis. and a significant positive correlation was presented between total nitrogen and total phpsphorus at YSC. Meanwhile, the highest content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus was accumulated in middle vetiver grass communities, and these had no significant correlation between total nitrogen and total phpsphorus at SMC. The metal elements enrichment in herb was stronger than woody, and the contents of Al, Cu, Fe, As, Cd and Cr were highest in Arthraxon prionodes, and the link of those metal elements was more closely each other, but they had less effect to total nitrogen and total phosphorus at YSC. In additional, the accumulations of different heavy metal were bigger in Vetiveria zizanioiaes at SMC. Compare with YSC, the correlation of different metal elements was less at SMC, but they had larger effect to total nitrogen and total phosphorus.
引文
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