基于复杂网络的微博信息传播研究
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摘要
人类正在进入信息化时代，信息逐渐成为社会的主要财富。我们正处在一个以物质生产消费为主，向信息生产消费为主的转变阶段。信息化的发展使得新的文明成果能够迅速传播，社会产业结构、价值观念和组织形式不断的被信息化改变、颠覆。微博以信息创造、传播、分享为主要功能，它的出现无疑会加速社会信息化进程。多个社会热点事件在微博中的大范围快速传播，已经使得微博对社会公众产生了巨大的影响力。然而相较于微博如火如荼的应用，针对微博信息传播的研究目前还较少。
复杂网络理论的完善及信息技术的发展，为研究微博信息传播提供了理论和工具。本文主要基于复杂网络理论，利用模型仿真、调查问卷等研究工具，对微博中信息传播问题进行较深入的研究，主要内容包括：
详细分析梳理了与本研究紧密相关的复杂网络、传播心理学等理论基础，并从微博用户群整体概况、类型划分、传播特征和裂变传播方式几方面对研究对象进行了分析。
构建了微博信息传播复杂网络，分析了网络静态拓扑结构和动态演化过程。利用微博用户间的关注关系，构建了微博信息传播复杂网络，从度和路径两方面选取多个指标，运用复杂网络理论分析了网络静态拓扑结构，找出了微博信息传播复杂网络不同于其他复杂网络的拓扑结构特征；从网络整体结构、局部结构和时间规律特征三方面研究了网络动态演化的影响因素；探讨了节点在演化过程中的不同形态和网络整体的演化趋势，构建了网络动态演化过程模型。经验证，该模型能够较好的描述微博信息传播复杂网络的演化过程。
基于网络拓扑结构复杂性，对微博中信息传播进行了研究。从节点拓扑结构差异、群落结构两个角度，分析了微博中信息传播的规律；研究了网络的传播临界值、免疫和动力机制；综合考虑影响微博信息传播的三个因素和行为模式，构建了微博信息传播过程模型，并对该模型进行了形式化表示；利用开源软件工具包Jung，对模型进行了仿真；通过与规则网络和随机网络进行比较，验证了传播有效率、网络节点规模对信息传播速度和广度的影响。
基于网络节点属性复杂性，对微博中不同种类信息传播进行了研究。利用微博中用户自发创建的标签对信息进行了分类；从传播速度、有效率和累积影响力三方面，比较了不同种类信息传播的差异；从个体化、选择性等四个方面分析了微博用户的心理差异；基于马斯洛需求理论，提出了微博用户五层心理需求模型；利用问卷对用户心理和信息传播行为进行了调查，通过对数据进行相关性、交叉检验分析，研究了性格差异对信息传播的影响。
对微博中信息真伪识别和分享行为预测进行了研究。从信息内容、发布者等四方面，选取了14个指标，通过机器自学习方法，利用C4.5决策树对微博信息真伪进行自动识别；分析了微博中用户信息分享的行为模式；分别基于传播路径中包含的用户信息分享行为和节点属性数据，利用关联规则分类和改进的PA算法模型，预测了用户信息分享行为。
基于微博信息传播网络复杂性，提出了信息监管策略。建立了包含技术和制度两方面的整体监管策略框架；在技术层面，提出了多层次的技术监管策略，研究了从信息源、内容、受众、传播路径进行信息监管的技术；在制度层面，提出了“自律为主，惩治为辅”的监管策略。
Humans are being into informationization age, information has graduallybecome main wealth of social. We are in a transition phase that material productionconsumption is given priority to information production consumption. Developmentof informationization makes new civilization achievements can disseminate rapidly;social industrial structure, value concept and organization form are changingconstantly. Micro-blog’s main functions are information creation, dissemination andsharing, it can no doubt accelerate the process of social informatization. Rapidly andwidely disseminating of many social hotspots makes Micro-blog has a greatinfluence on public. However, compared with the application of Micro-blog lookinglike a raging fire, research on Micro-blog information dissemination is less.
The improvement of complex network theory and information technologyprovides research tools for the study of Micro-blog information dissemination. Basedon complex network theory, using research tools such as model simulation andquestionnaire, this paper make deeply research on Micro-blog informationdissemination, the main content includes:
Detailedly analyzes related theories of the study including complex network,dissemination psychology, etc. From aspects of users’ overall situation, classificationtypes, dissemination characteristic and fission pattern, research object is analyzed.
Constructs Micro-blog information dissemination complex network, analyzes itstopological structure and dynamic evolution process. Using following relationshipbetween Micro-blog users, constructs Micro-blog information disseminationcomplex network; from two aspects of degree and path select several indicators toanalyze static topological structure based on complex network theory, finds outdifference of topological structure characteristics between Micro-blog informationdissemination complex network and other complex networks; From aspects of wholenetwork structure, local structure and characteristics of time, studies influence factorsof dynamic evolution; Discusses different forms of node in the evolution process andevolution trend of the network, constructs model of network dynamic evolutionaryprocess. It is verified that the model can describe evolution process of Micro-bloginformation dissemination complex network very well.
Based on complexity of network topology structure, studies Micro-bloginformation dissemination. From aspects of vertex topology and community structure,analyzes patterns of information dissemination; studies mechanism of disseminationthreshold, immune and impetus; Comprehensive considering three infulence factorsand behavior patterns of information dissemination, constructs Micro-bloginformation dissemination process model, and formalizes it; Using open sourcesoftware kit Jung, simulates the model; Through comparing with regular and randomnetwork, verifies dissemination effective rate and vertex number’s influence onspeed, range of information dissemination.
Based on complexity of vertex’s attributes, studies the dissemination differenceof kinds of Micro-blog informations. Using hashtag created by users to classifyinformation; From aspects of speed, effective rate and cumulative influence,compares dissemination difference of kinds of informations; From aspects ofindividual, selectivity.etc, analyzes difference of user’s psychological; Based onmaslow's demand theory, presents Micro-blog user’s five layer psychologicaldemand model; Using questionnaire to investigate user’s psychology and informationadoption behavior, through correlation and cross test analysis, studies influence ofcharacter differences on information dissemination.
Studies information authenticity identification and share behavior prediction. Bymachine self-learning method, selects14indexes from aspects of information content,users.etc to train C4.5decision tree identifying authenticity of information automatic;Analyzes sharing information behavior patterns of user; Based on the data ofdissemination path and vertex’s attributes, using association rule classification andimproved PA algorithm model to predict users’ information sharing behavior.
Based on complexity of Micro-blog information dissemination network,presents information supervising strategy, constructs overall supervising strategyframework including technology and system; In technical level, presents multi-leveltechnical supervising strategy, studies technologies for supervising informationsource, content, etc. In system level, presents supervising strategy “self-discipline asmain, punishing as auxiliary”.
复杂网络理论的完善及信息技术的发展，为研究微博信息传播提供了理论和工具。本文主要基于复杂网络理论，利用模型仿真、调查问卷等研究工具，对微博中信息传播问题进行较深入的研究，主要内容包括：
详细分析梳理了与本研究紧密相关的复杂网络、传播心理学等理论基础，并从微博用户群整体概况、类型划分、传播特征和裂变传播方式几方面对研究对象进行了分析。
构建了微博信息传播复杂网络，分析了网络静态拓扑结构和动态演化过程。利用微博用户间的关注关系，构建了微博信息传播复杂网络，从度和路径两方面选取多个指标，运用复杂网络理论分析了网络静态拓扑结构，找出了微博信息传播复杂网络不同于其他复杂网络的拓扑结构特征；从网络整体结构、局部结构和时间规律特征三方面研究了网络动态演化的影响因素；探讨了节点在演化过程中的不同形态和网络整体的演化趋势，构建了网络动态演化过程模型。经验证，该模型能够较好的描述微博信息传播复杂网络的演化过程。
基于网络拓扑结构复杂性，对微博中信息传播进行了研究。从节点拓扑结构差异、群落结构两个角度，分析了微博中信息传播的规律；研究了网络的传播临界值、免疫和动力机制；综合考虑影响微博信息传播的三个因素和行为模式，构建了微博信息传播过程模型，并对该模型进行了形式化表示；利用开源软件工具包Jung，对模型进行了仿真；通过与规则网络和随机网络进行比较，验证了传播有效率、网络节点规模对信息传播速度和广度的影响。
基于网络节点属性复杂性，对微博中不同种类信息传播进行了研究。利用微博中用户自发创建的标签对信息进行了分类；从传播速度、有效率和累积影响力三方面，比较了不同种类信息传播的差异；从个体化、选择性等四个方面分析了微博用户的心理差异；基于马斯洛需求理论，提出了微博用户五层心理需求模型；利用问卷对用户心理和信息传播行为进行了调查，通过对数据进行相关性、交叉检验分析，研究了性格差异对信息传播的影响。
对微博中信息真伪识别和分享行为预测进行了研究。从信息内容、发布者等四方面，选取了14个指标，通过机器自学习方法，利用C4.5决策树对微博信息真伪进行自动识别；分析了微博中用户信息分享的行为模式；分别基于传播路径中包含的用户信息分享行为和节点属性数据，利用关联规则分类和改进的PA算法模型，预测了用户信息分享行为。
基于微博信息传播网络复杂性，提出了信息监管策略。建立了包含技术和制度两方面的整体监管策略框架；在技术层面，提出了多层次的技术监管策略，研究了从信息源、内容、受众、传播路径进行信息监管的技术；在制度层面，提出了“自律为主，惩治为辅”的监管策略。
Humans are being into informationization age, information has graduallybecome main wealth of social. We are in a transition phase that material productionconsumption is given priority to information production consumption. Developmentof informationization makes new civilization achievements can disseminate rapidly;social industrial structure, value concept and organization form are changingconstantly. Micro-blog’s main functions are information creation, dissemination andsharing, it can no doubt accelerate the process of social informatization. Rapidly andwidely disseminating of many social hotspots makes Micro-blog has a greatinfluence on public. However, compared with the application of Micro-blog lookinglike a raging fire, research on Micro-blog information dissemination is less.
The improvement of complex network theory and information technologyprovides research tools for the study of Micro-blog information dissemination. Basedon complex network theory, using research tools such as model simulation andquestionnaire, this paper make deeply research on Micro-blog informationdissemination, the main content includes:
Detailedly analyzes related theories of the study including complex network,dissemination psychology, etc. From aspects of users’ overall situation, classificationtypes, dissemination characteristic and fission pattern, research object is analyzed.
Constructs Micro-blog information dissemination complex network, analyzes itstopological structure and dynamic evolution process. Using following relationshipbetween Micro-blog users, constructs Micro-blog information disseminationcomplex network; from two aspects of degree and path select several indicators toanalyze static topological structure based on complex network theory, finds outdifference of topological structure characteristics between Micro-blog informationdissemination complex network and other complex networks; From aspects of wholenetwork structure, local structure and characteristics of time, studies influence factorsof dynamic evolution; Discusses different forms of node in the evolution process andevolution trend of the network, constructs model of network dynamic evolutionaryprocess. It is verified that the model can describe evolution process of Micro-bloginformation dissemination complex network very well.
Based on complexity of network topology structure, studies Micro-bloginformation dissemination. From aspects of vertex topology and community structure,analyzes patterns of information dissemination; studies mechanism of disseminationthreshold, immune and impetus; Comprehensive considering three infulence factorsand behavior patterns of information dissemination, constructs Micro-bloginformation dissemination process model, and formalizes it; Using open sourcesoftware kit Jung, simulates the model; Through comparing with regular and randomnetwork, verifies dissemination effective rate and vertex number’s influence onspeed, range of information dissemination.
Based on complexity of vertex’s attributes, studies the dissemination differenceof kinds of Micro-blog informations. Using hashtag created by users to classifyinformation; From aspects of speed, effective rate and cumulative influence,compares dissemination difference of kinds of informations; From aspects ofindividual, selectivity.etc, analyzes difference of user’s psychological; Based onmaslow's demand theory, presents Micro-blog user’s five layer psychologicaldemand model; Using questionnaire to investigate user’s psychology and informationadoption behavior, through correlation and cross test analysis, studies influence ofcharacter differences on information dissemination.
Studies information authenticity identification and share behavior prediction. Bymachine self-learning method, selects14indexes from aspects of information content,users.etc to train C4.5decision tree identifying authenticity of information automatic;Analyzes sharing information behavior patterns of user; Based on the data ofdissemination path and vertex’s attributes, using association rule classification andimproved PA algorithm model to predict users’ information sharing behavior.
Based on complexity of Micro-blog information dissemination network,presents information supervising strategy, constructs overall supervising strategyframework including technology and system; In technical level, presents multi-leveltechnical supervising strategy, studies technologies for supervising informationsource, content, etc. In system level, presents supervising strategy “self-discipline asmain, punishing as auxiliary”.
引文
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