服务网络中服务协同的可信机制与算法研究
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摘要
随着Web服务技术的发展,单一功能的服务系统已难以支撑用户的复杂需求。因此,以网络化和集成化服务系统为手段来满足用户复杂需求的服务网络已成为当前研究所关注的焦点。然而,服务网络环境的开放性、服务资源快速演变的特性导致了服务网络环境中相互陌生的服务实体在协同过程中面临着“可信”问题。目前,服务协同场景下应用整体的可信问题已经成为制约服务网络良性发展的关键问题之一。
针对上述问题,本文在分析服务网络中服务的可信协同所面临挑战的基础上,主要从服务本身的可信性以及服务系统的可靠、可用性两个角度出发,围绕单个服务的可信选取以及信任感知的Web服务组合优化两个方面展开探索和研究,主要工作和贡献包括：
(1)提出服务化网络中服务协同的可信管理框架。多个服务在复杂协同过程中涉及到服务的选择、按需组合、资源优化以及服务的动态演化和流程重构。因此,考虑服务协同的可信问题需要顾及协同过程中的各个环节。针对这一问题,首先根据服务网络的特点,提出支持服务可信协同的三种基本机制：完善的服务信任评估机制、均衡的服务组合优化机制以及可靠的服务失效容错和流程重构机制；并立足与上述机制提出服务协同的可信管理框架,为开展可信服务协同的研究奠定基础。
(2)提出基于社会网络的服务信任评估模型。服务网络中,参与协同的实体不可避免的要选择一些未知的服务进行交互,这时不同实体间共享的交互经验将是评估未知服务可信度的唯一信息来源。针对这一问题,提出基于社会网络的服务信任评估模型。首先通过实体的历史服务评价信息构建实体之间的推荐信任关系,从而可基于该具有边权重的信任网络进行信任的传递和汇聚操作以评估目标服务的信任。实验表明,该模型能够为实体选择性能良好的服务,并能较好的抵抗开放环境下各种欺诈行为攻击以及稀疏网络环境下推荐信息不足导致无法有效评估信任等问题。与同类研究相比,该模型具有较好的准确性、较强的抗攻击性和鲁棒性。
(3)提出对分服务网络中基于本体的信任评估模型。在对分服务网络环境下,由于其特殊的网络拓扑结构导致实体之间的直接信任信息不能在网络中直接传递。另外,不同的服务实体对同一服务具有不同的偏好需求和满意度标准,导致服务的信任评估不但要满足服务质量信息的客观准确性又要考虑实体的个性化需求。针对上述问题,提出对分服务网络环境下基于本体的信任评估模型。首先引入一种评论本体来半结构化表述用户的反馈信息,接着基于评论本体构建请求者之间推荐信任网络并基于该网络进行信任传播以评估目击者的可信度,最后取得可信目击者的交互经验评估目标服务的可信度。实验结果表明,比较现阶段主流的基于信任的服务选择方法,该模型具有更高的准确性,并能有效抵制节点的主观性、动态性、欺诈性等行为带来的攻击,并且在反馈信息较少的情况下也能表现出较强的鲁棒性。
(4)提出信任感知的服务组合优化算法。基于QoS的服务组合优化问题是一个被证明了的NP难问题,因此在服务规模较大的情况下,不可能在合理的时间内得到最优的结果。当前的研究没有很好的解决如何权衡优化结果和执行时间的问题,并在选择服务的时候缺乏对服务的可信性考虑。针对这一问题,提出-种信任感知服务组合优化算法(T-HEU)。首先对构成组合服务流程的各个任务进行基于信任的组件服务选择,以保证单个服务的可信性,接着对各个任务进行凸包构建以减少搜索空间,最终通过对初始解向量的多次升级和一次降级操作以达到全局优化的目标。实验表明,相对与现阶段存在的一些主流方法,T-HEU不仅能得到一个比较理想的结果,并且具有良好的效率。
With the development of Web Services techonology, service systems with single function have been unable to be satified by the user with complex requirements. Therefore, Internet of Service which in order to satify user's individual requirements via networking and integrating service systems have become the focus attention in the Web service research area. However, the open characteristic of Internet of Service and the rapid evolution of service resources cause the trustworthy problem when collaborating with unkown services. Currently, the trust problem in the scenario of service collaboration has become one of the key factors which hindered the development of Internet of Service.
In order to solve the problem described above, we conducted a study on two aspects of service collaboration in Internet of Service based on the analysis of the challenges which might face with when doing such a research. One is how to select a trustworthy component service and the other is trust-aware service selection in composition. We considered the problem of services'crebility and the reliability of service systems in both when defining the trustworthy problem of service collaboration. Our main work and contributions include:
(1) We proposed a trustworthy management framework for service collaboration. The process of service collaboration includes multiple setps such as service selection, service composition, resource optimazition, service evolution and process reconstruction. Therefore, consider the problem of trustworthy service collaboration must involve various aspects of service collaboration. We firstly proposed three basic mechanisms that support trustworthy service collaboration which include thorough trust evaluation mechanism, balanced trust-aware service selection in composition and reliable sevice fault tolerance and process reconstruction mechanism for Web services. Based on the three mechanisms, we proposed a trustworthy management framework for service collaboration which lay sound foundation for our work.
(2) We proposed a social network based trust model. In a service-oriented environment, it is inevitable and indeed quite common to deal with web services, whose reliability is unknown to the users. The reputation system is a popular technique currently used for providing a global quality score of a service provider to requesters. However, such global information is far from sufficient for service requesters to choose the most qualified services. In order to tackle this problem, we present a trust based architecture containing a computational trust model for quantifying and comparing the trustworthiness of services. In this trust model, we firstly construct a network based on the direct trust relations between participants and rating similarity in service oriented environments, then propose an algorithm for propagating trust in the social network based environment which can produce personalized trust information for a specific service requester, and finally implement the trust model and simulate various malicious behaviors in not only dense but also sparse networks which can verify the attack-resistant and robustness of the proposed approach. The experiment results also demonstrate the feasibility and benefit of the approach.
(3) Proposed an ontology based trust model for bipartite service network. Tthe special topology structure of bipartite service network causes the trust information unable to be propagated directly among service requesters. In addition, different service requesters have different preferences and satisfaction criterion to the same service which cause trust evaluation of services not only satisify the accuracy of the objective information but also should consider the requirements of entities. In order to solve the problem mentioned above, we proposed an ontology based trust model which consist three components. We first introduce an review ontology to structure express the feedback by the users, then construct the trust network between service requesters based on the review ontology, finally get the review information from the witnesses to evaluate the trustworthiness of a specific service. Experiments results also demonstrate the feasibility and benefit of the approach.
(4) With the rapid increasing number of the independently developed web services that provide the same or similar functionalities but differ in quality ofservice (QoS), the service composition can be considered as a problem on the selection of component services in accordance with user's QoS requirements, a practice known as QoS-aware service composition problem. However, current solutions are not only not suitable for most real-time decision-making service composition applications which are required to obtain an optimal result in reasonable time, but also not as reliable as intended because in an open service-oriented environment, services may be unreliable or even harmful. In this paper, we present a trust based approach which addresses the issue of Web service composition in a way that maximizes the QoS value of composite services expressed as utility functions over a set of QoS attributes, while satisfying the constraints set by the end-users and promising all the selected services are trustworthy. The proposed heuristic algorithm consists of three steps:first, a trust based local selection method is used to filter untrustworthy component services. Second, convex hulls are constructed for reducing the search space for each task. Finally, a heuristic global optimization approach based on M-HEU is used to obtain the near-optimal solution.The results of the experiments evaluation demonstrate that our approach can obtain a close-to-optimal and trustworthy solution in a reasonable time.
针对上述问题,本文在分析服务网络中服务的可信协同所面临挑战的基础上,主要从服务本身的可信性以及服务系统的可靠、可用性两个角度出发,围绕单个服务的可信选取以及信任感知的Web服务组合优化两个方面展开探索和研究,主要工作和贡献包括：
(1)提出服务化网络中服务协同的可信管理框架。多个服务在复杂协同过程中涉及到服务的选择、按需组合、资源优化以及服务的动态演化和流程重构。因此,考虑服务协同的可信问题需要顾及协同过程中的各个环节。针对这一问题,首先根据服务网络的特点,提出支持服务可信协同的三种基本机制：完善的服务信任评估机制、均衡的服务组合优化机制以及可靠的服务失效容错和流程重构机制；并立足与上述机制提出服务协同的可信管理框架,为开展可信服务协同的研究奠定基础。
(2)提出基于社会网络的服务信任评估模型。服务网络中,参与协同的实体不可避免的要选择一些未知的服务进行交互,这时不同实体间共享的交互经验将是评估未知服务可信度的唯一信息来源。针对这一问题,提出基于社会网络的服务信任评估模型。首先通过实体的历史服务评价信息构建实体之间的推荐信任关系,从而可基于该具有边权重的信任网络进行信任的传递和汇聚操作以评估目标服务的信任。实验表明,该模型能够为实体选择性能良好的服务,并能较好的抵抗开放环境下各种欺诈行为攻击以及稀疏网络环境下推荐信息不足导致无法有效评估信任等问题。与同类研究相比,该模型具有较好的准确性、较强的抗攻击性和鲁棒性。
(3)提出对分服务网络中基于本体的信任评估模型。在对分服务网络环境下,由于其特殊的网络拓扑结构导致实体之间的直接信任信息不能在网络中直接传递。另外,不同的服务实体对同一服务具有不同的偏好需求和满意度标准,导致服务的信任评估不但要满足服务质量信息的客观准确性又要考虑实体的个性化需求。针对上述问题,提出对分服务网络环境下基于本体的信任评估模型。首先引入一种评论本体来半结构化表述用户的反馈信息,接着基于评论本体构建请求者之间推荐信任网络并基于该网络进行信任传播以评估目击者的可信度,最后取得可信目击者的交互经验评估目标服务的可信度。实验结果表明,比较现阶段主流的基于信任的服务选择方法,该模型具有更高的准确性,并能有效抵制节点的主观性、动态性、欺诈性等行为带来的攻击,并且在反馈信息较少的情况下也能表现出较强的鲁棒性。
(4)提出信任感知的服务组合优化算法。基于QoS的服务组合优化问题是一个被证明了的NP难问题,因此在服务规模较大的情况下,不可能在合理的时间内得到最优的结果。当前的研究没有很好的解决如何权衡优化结果和执行时间的问题,并在选择服务的时候缺乏对服务的可信性考虑。针对这一问题,提出-种信任感知服务组合优化算法(T-HEU)。首先对构成组合服务流程的各个任务进行基于信任的组件服务选择,以保证单个服务的可信性,接着对各个任务进行凸包构建以减少搜索空间,最终通过对初始解向量的多次升级和一次降级操作以达到全局优化的目标。实验表明,相对与现阶段存在的一些主流方法,T-HEU不仅能得到一个比较理想的结果,并且具有良好的效率。
With the development of Web Services techonology, service systems with single function have been unable to be satified by the user with complex requirements. Therefore, Internet of Service which in order to satify user's individual requirements via networking and integrating service systems have become the focus attention in the Web service research area. However, the open characteristic of Internet of Service and the rapid evolution of service resources cause the trustworthy problem when collaborating with unkown services. Currently, the trust problem in the scenario of service collaboration has become one of the key factors which hindered the development of Internet of Service.
In order to solve the problem described above, we conducted a study on two aspects of service collaboration in Internet of Service based on the analysis of the challenges which might face with when doing such a research. One is how to select a trustworthy component service and the other is trust-aware service selection in composition. We considered the problem of services'crebility and the reliability of service systems in both when defining the trustworthy problem of service collaboration. Our main work and contributions include:
(1) We proposed a trustworthy management framework for service collaboration. The process of service collaboration includes multiple setps such as service selection, service composition, resource optimazition, service evolution and process reconstruction. Therefore, consider the problem of trustworthy service collaboration must involve various aspects of service collaboration. We firstly proposed three basic mechanisms that support trustworthy service collaboration which include thorough trust evaluation mechanism, balanced trust-aware service selection in composition and reliable sevice fault tolerance and process reconstruction mechanism for Web services. Based on the three mechanisms, we proposed a trustworthy management framework for service collaboration which lay sound foundation for our work.
(2) We proposed a social network based trust model. In a service-oriented environment, it is inevitable and indeed quite common to deal with web services, whose reliability is unknown to the users. The reputation system is a popular technique currently used for providing a global quality score of a service provider to requesters. However, such global information is far from sufficient for service requesters to choose the most qualified services. In order to tackle this problem, we present a trust based architecture containing a computational trust model for quantifying and comparing the trustworthiness of services. In this trust model, we firstly construct a network based on the direct trust relations between participants and rating similarity in service oriented environments, then propose an algorithm for propagating trust in the social network based environment which can produce personalized trust information for a specific service requester, and finally implement the trust model and simulate various malicious behaviors in not only dense but also sparse networks which can verify the attack-resistant and robustness of the proposed approach. The experiment results also demonstrate the feasibility and benefit of the approach.
(3) Proposed an ontology based trust model for bipartite service network. Tthe special topology structure of bipartite service network causes the trust information unable to be propagated directly among service requesters. In addition, different service requesters have different preferences and satisfaction criterion to the same service which cause trust evaluation of services not only satisify the accuracy of the objective information but also should consider the requirements of entities. In order to solve the problem mentioned above, we proposed an ontology based trust model which consist three components. We first introduce an review ontology to structure express the feedback by the users, then construct the trust network between service requesters based on the review ontology, finally get the review information from the witnesses to evaluate the trustworthiness of a specific service. Experiments results also demonstrate the feasibility and benefit of the approach.
(4) With the rapid increasing number of the independently developed web services that provide the same or similar functionalities but differ in quality ofservice (QoS), the service composition can be considered as a problem on the selection of component services in accordance with user's QoS requirements, a practice known as QoS-aware service composition problem. However, current solutions are not only not suitable for most real-time decision-making service composition applications which are required to obtain an optimal result in reasonable time, but also not as reliable as intended because in an open service-oriented environment, services may be unreliable or even harmful. In this paper, we present a trust based approach which addresses the issue of Web service composition in a way that maximizes the QoS value of composite services expressed as utility functions over a set of QoS attributes, while satisfying the constraints set by the end-users and promising all the selected services are trustworthy. The proposed heuristic algorithm consists of three steps:first, a trust based local selection method is used to filter untrustworthy component services. Second, convex hulls are constructed for reducing the search space for each task. Finally, a heuristic global optimization approach based on M-HEU is used to obtain the near-optimal solution.The results of the experiments evaluation demonstrate that our approach can obtain a close-to-optimal and trustworthy solution in a reasonable time.
引文
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