6σ质量管理在水泥混凝土路面平整度的应用研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的飞速发展,公路交通流量猛增,我国公路里程也不断增加。高等级公路路面舒适性问题越来越受到重视。路面平整度是高等级公路路面主要使用性能之一,是车辆高速行驶时是否安全和舒适的重要影响因素。高质量的路面平整度可以减少车辆对路面的损坏,提高路面的使用性能,延长路面的使用寿命。不平整的路面不仅影响乘车的舒适性,降低行车速度,加速车辆零部件的损坏,间接影响行车安全。而且导致车辆振动,激发车辆产生动态作用力,反过来又增加路表面的不平整度,加剧路面的破损,导致其养护难度增大,养护费用增加。比较国内外水泥混凝土平整度要求,我国规范要求处于中上等,但路面平整度合格率远达不到规范要求。
本文在分析清连高速公路一期工程水泥混凝土路面平整度不合格原因基础上,对清连高速公路二期工程实施6σ质量管理,提高水泥混凝土路面平整度。要求施工单位建立6σ质量管理理念和实施6σ质量管理方法,进行水泥混凝土路面平整度改进和管理。在6σ质量管理理念下,成立6σ质量管理小组;运用6σ质量改进模式DMAIC方法对要改进的目标进行定义、测量目前质量水平、分析影响质量的主要因素、针对主要因素采取相应的改进方法、通过控制阶段将改善结果长期保持下去。最终使水泥混凝土路面平整度合格率达到新的高度,为行驶的车辆提供优质的服务和提高高等级公路路面舒适性。
With the rapid development of China's economy, road traffic flow and China's highway mileage are increasing constantly.The travelling comfort of high-grade road pavement is paid more and more attention.Pavement roughness as one of the main performance of high-standard road pavement ,provides the important influencing factors on the safe and comfortable high-speed driving. High quality pavement roughness can reduce damage caused by vehicles on the road ,improve road service performance and extend the service life span.Undulate road surface not only affects the ride comfort, reduces the driving speed, accelerates the vehicle spare parts abrasion and influnces road safety indirectly, but also causes the vehicle vibration,produced the dynamic force excitation of driving vehicles, and in turn increases the road surface ruggedness, increases road despiration, and consequently leads to the more difficult conservation and more maintenance costs.Compared to the cement concrete flatness requirements both in our country and abroad, our specification standard is in the middle and upper requirements levels, but the passing rate of the pavement roughness is far out of specification requirements.
Based on analyzing the cement concrete pavement factors of the first phase of Qinglian Highway ,this article implements six sigma quality management in the second phase of Qinglian Highway and improves the flatness of the cement concrete pavement.It instills construction unit the philosophy and method of 6σquality management to improve the cement concrete pavement. And the construction unit should establish six sigma quality management team with the philosophy of 6σquality management.the paper uses the DMAIC Six Sigma quality improvement model method to define a clear improvement targets, measures the current level of quality, analysizes of the main factors affecting the quality, takes the main improved method,and keeps the long-term stay of the improved results through controlling stage. And eventually to achieve the aim that cement concrete pavement passing rate will reach a new high standard for vehicles to provide quality services and improve the comfort of pavement.
本文在分析清连高速公路一期工程水泥混凝土路面平整度不合格原因基础上,对清连高速公路二期工程实施6σ质量管理,提高水泥混凝土路面平整度。要求施工单位建立6σ质量管理理念和实施6σ质量管理方法,进行水泥混凝土路面平整度改进和管理。在6σ质量管理理念下,成立6σ质量管理小组;运用6σ质量改进模式DMAIC方法对要改进的目标进行定义、测量目前质量水平、分析影响质量的主要因素、针对主要因素采取相应的改进方法、通过控制阶段将改善结果长期保持下去。最终使水泥混凝土路面平整度合格率达到新的高度,为行驶的车辆提供优质的服务和提高高等级公路路面舒适性。
With the rapid development of China's economy, road traffic flow and China's highway mileage are increasing constantly.The travelling comfort of high-grade road pavement is paid more and more attention.Pavement roughness as one of the main performance of high-standard road pavement ,provides the important influencing factors on the safe and comfortable high-speed driving. High quality pavement roughness can reduce damage caused by vehicles on the road ,improve road service performance and extend the service life span.Undulate road surface not only affects the ride comfort, reduces the driving speed, accelerates the vehicle spare parts abrasion and influnces road safety indirectly, but also causes the vehicle vibration,produced the dynamic force excitation of driving vehicles, and in turn increases the road surface ruggedness, increases road despiration, and consequently leads to the more difficult conservation and more maintenance costs.Compared to the cement concrete flatness requirements both in our country and abroad, our specification standard is in the middle and upper requirements levels, but the passing rate of the pavement roughness is far out of specification requirements.
Based on analyzing the cement concrete pavement factors of the first phase of Qinglian Highway ,this article implements six sigma quality management in the second phase of Qinglian Highway and improves the flatness of the cement concrete pavement.It instills construction unit the philosophy and method of 6σquality management to improve the cement concrete pavement. And the construction unit should establish six sigma quality management team with the philosophy of 6σquality management.the paper uses the DMAIC Six Sigma quality improvement model method to define a clear improvement targets, measures the current level of quality, analysizes of the main factors affecting the quality, takes the main improved method,and keeps the long-term stay of the improved results through controlling stage. And eventually to achieve the aim that cement concrete pavement passing rate will reach a new high standard for vehicles to provide quality services and improve the comfort of pavement.
引文
[1]傅智.如何改善水泥混凝土路面舒适性[J].公路.2004(7)
[2]傅智.水泥混凝土路面的舒适性研究[J].公路.2000(1)
[3]周晓青,孙立军,颜利.各国路面平整度验收规范[J].中外公路.2006(2)
[4]乔杜里著.郭仁松,朱健译.六西格玛的力量[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2002
[5]张弛,文放怀,王绍印.六西格玛实战[M].广东:广东经济出版社.2002年
[6] Haas Ralph,Hudson W Ronald,Zaniewski John. Modern Pavement Management [M]. Malabar,Florida:Krieger Publ.Co,1994
[7] The Effect of Initial Pavement Smoothness on Long Term Roughness Progression: Some Findings from CLTPP and US-LTPP Studies[R].1999
[8] NCHRP.AASHTO2002 Pavement Design Guide[S]
[9] SWANLUND M .Enhancing Pavement smoothness[J].Public Roads.2000 (2)
[10] JTG F80/1—2004,公路工程质量检验评定标准[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[11] Canadian Strategic Highway Research Program.Summary of Pavement Smoothness Specificatins in Canada and Aroud The World[R].1999
[12]吴九懿.滑模摊铺水泥混凝土路面平整度的控制[J].中外公路.2003(10)
[13]匡志新.论机械设备影响路面平整度的原因及处理方案[J].科技信息.2007(9)
[14]中华人民共和国交通部.公路水泥混凝土路面滑模施工技术规程(JTJ/T 037. 1-2000 )[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[15]李建敏.影响水泥混凝土路面平整度的因素及其控制措施[J].科技风.2010(7)
[16]戚秋根等.浅谈水泥混凝土路面平整度的影响因素与控制措施[J].科技与生活.2010(2)
[17]丁鹏等.水泥混凝土路面不平整因素和提高平整度的工艺措施[J].中华民居.2010(10)
[18]马智勇.关于路面平整度质量控制的探索[J].科技信息.2009(5)
[19]赵学刚.水泥混凝土路面不平整因素和提高平整度的工艺措施[J].交通世界.2010(8)
[20]彼得.潘德,莱瑞.荷普著.王金德等译.六西格玛是什么[M].中国财政经济出版社.2002
[21]马林等.6σ管理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社.2004
[22]卿寿松.质量改进实施指南[M].北京:中国计量出版社.1998
[23]王立汉.6σ在加油站计量管理中的应用与研究[J].科技成果管理与研究.2009(2)
[24]雷雨燕.6σ在系统集成项目管理中的应用[J].广西质量监督导报.2010(11)
[25]徐峰.三星集团应用创新方法的经验分析[J].科技进步与对策.2010(4)
[26]胡明光,张华静.浅谈6σ在中国企业中的应用[J].商场现代化.2008(1)
[27]杜元太等.浅谈6σ方法及其在医院中的应用[J].中华医院管理.2002(10)
[28]程永忠等.6σ在医院流程改善中的应用和实践[J].中国医院.2005(5)
[29]张琦.6σ模式在医院管理中的应用[J].中国卫生事业管理.2004(4)
[30]李平等.统计过程控制在西飞公司波音737-700垂尾上的应用[J].航空科学技术.2005(2)
[31]陈子顺.TRIZ和TOC理论在6σ中的应用[J].机械设计.2008(10)
[32]张志红.6σ设计模式与方法研究[J].起重运输机械.2008(8)
[33]李套岭,孙立军,陆辉.对路面平整度概念的粗浅理解[J].上海公路.2001
[34] Haas Ralph.Hudson W Ronald Pavement Management Systems[M].New York:McGraw Hill, 1978.
[35] American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM). Terminology Relating to Traveled Surface Characteristics Annual Book of ASTM Standards[S].1999
[36] Thomas D Gillespie Everything You Always Wanted to Know about the IRI, But Were Afraid to Ask! Road Profile Users Group Meeting[M].1992.
[37] Thomas D Gillespie Everything You Always Wanted to Know about the IRI, But Were Afraid to Ask! Road Profile Users Group Meeting[M].1992.
[38]姚祖康.路面管理系统[M].北京:人民交通出版社.1992.
[39] Michael W Sayers,Steven M Karamihas.The Little Book of Profiling:Basic Information about Measuring and Interpreting Road Profiles[M].1998.
[40]邓学钧,孙璐.车辆-地面结构系统动力学[M].北京:人民交通出版社.1998
[41]陈歆贤.路面平整度检测技术[J].交通标准化.2005
[42] Sayers M W,Gillespie T D,C A V Queiroz.The International Road Roughness Experiment:Establishing Correlation and Calibration Standard For Measurements[R].World Bank Technical Paper,1986
[43] G Awasthi,T Singh,A Das.OnPavement Roughness Indices[J].IE Journal, 2003
[44]钟阳,王哲人,郭祖辛.对国际平整度指数法的评论[J].1994,7(01).
[45]钱国超,赵叫慈.BI仪与三米直尺路面平整度评价指标的研究[J].华东公路1991(12)
[46]蔚晓丹.国际平整度指数IRI作为路面平整度评价指标的研究[J].公路交通科技,1999
[47]罗纳德.D.斯尼、罗格.W.何瑞尔著.祝可嘉译.领导者读六西格玛[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社.2003
[48]福利斯特.W.布雷弗格三世等著.陈运涛译.六西格玛实施指南[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社.2003
[49]张弛.MINITAB六西格玛解决方案[M].广东:广东经济出版社.2003
[50]容毅超,张璐.六西格玛管理理论及实践案例集[M].北京:科学出版社.2009
[51]何炳林.某高速路工程滑模摊铺机械的选用问题分析[J].广东科技.2008(4)
[52]凌子良.提高水泥混凝土路面平整度的措施[J].筑路机械与施工机械化.2009(4)
[1]傅智.如何改善水泥混凝土路面舒适性[J].公路.2004(7)
[2]傅智.水泥混凝土路面的舒适性研究[J].公路.2000(1)
[3]周晓青,孙立军,颜利.各国路面平整度验收规范[J].中外公路.2006(2)
[4]乔杜里著.郭仁松,朱健译.六西格玛的力量[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2002
[5]张弛,文放怀,王绍印.六西格玛实战[M].广东:广东经济出版社.2002年
[6] Haas Ralph,Hudson W Ronald,Zaniewski John. Modern Pavement Management [M]. Malabar,Florida:Krieger Publ.Co,1994
[7] The Effect of Initial Pavement Smoothness on Long Term Roughness Progression: Some Findings from CLTPP and US-LTPP Studies[R].1999
[8] NCHRP.AASHTO2002 Pavement Design Guide[S]
[9] SWANLUND M .Enhancing Pavement smoothness[J].Public Roads.2000 (2)
[10] JTG F80/1—2004,公路工程质量检验评定标准[S].北京:人民交通出版社, 2004
[11] Canadian Strategic Highway Research Program.Summary of Pavement Smoothness Specificatins in Canada and Aroud The World[R].1999
[12]吴九懿.滑模摊铺水泥混凝土路面平整度的控制[J].中外公路.2003(10)
[13]匡志新.论机械设备影响路面平整度的原因及处理方案[J].科技信息.2007(9)
[14]中华人民共和国交通部.公路水泥混凝土路面滑模施工技术规程(JTJ/T 037. 1-2000 )[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 2000
[15]李建敏.影响水泥混凝土路面平整度的因素及其控制措施[J].科技风.2010(7)
[16]戚秋根等.浅谈水泥混凝土路面平整度的影响因素与控制措施[J].科技与生活.2010(2)
[17]丁鹏等.水泥混凝土路面不平整因素和提高平整度的工艺措施[J].中华民居.2010( 10)
[18]马智勇.关于路面平整度质量控制的探索[J].科技信息.2009(5)
[19]赵学刚.水泥混凝土路面不平整因素和提高平整度的工艺措施[J].交通世界.2010(8)
[20]彼得.潘德,莱瑞.荷普著.王金德等译.六西格玛是什么[M].中国财政经济出版社.2002
[21]马林等.6σ管理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社.2004
[22]卿寿松.质量改进实施指南[M].北京:中国计量出版社.1998
[23]王立汉.6σ在加油站计量管理中的应用与研究[J].科技成果管理与研究.2009(2)
[24]雷雨燕.6σ在系统集成项目管理中的应用[J].广西质量监督导报.2010(11)
[25]徐峰.三星集团应用创新方法的经验分析[J].科技进步与对策.2010(4)
[26]胡明光,张华静.浅谈6σ在中国企业中的应用[J].商场现代化.2008(1)
[27]杜元太等.浅谈6σ方法及其在医院中的应用[J].中华医院管理.2002(10)
[28]程永忠等.6σ在医院流程改善中的应用和实践[J].中国医院.2005(5)
[29]张琦.6σ模式在医院管理中的应用[J].中国卫生事业管理.2004(4)
[30]李平等.统计过程控制在西飞公司波音737-700垂尾上的应用[J].航空科学技术.2005(2)
[31]陈子顺.TRIZ和TOC理论在6σ中的应用[J].机械设计.2008(10)
[32]张志红.6σ设计模式与方法研究[J].起重运输机械.2008(8)
[33]李套岭,孙立军,陆辉.对路面平整度概念的粗浅理解[J].上海公路.2001
[34] Haas Ralph.Hudson W Ronald Pavement Management Systems[M].New York:McGraw Hill, 1978.
[35] American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM). Terminology Relating to Traveled Surface Characteristics Annual Book of ASTM Standards[S].1999
[36] Thomas D Gillespie Everything You Always Wanted to Know about the IRI, But Were Afraid to Ask! Road Profile Users Group Meeting[M].1992.
[37] Thomas D Gillespie Everything You Always Wanted to Know about the IRI, But Were Afraid to Ask! Road Profile Users Group Meeting[M].1992.
[38]姚祖康.路面管理系统[M].北京:人民交通出版社.1992.
[39] Michael W Sayers,Steven M Karamihas.The Little Book of Profiling:Basic Information about Measuring and Interpreting Road Profiles[M].1998.
[40]邓学钧,孙璐.车辆-地面结构系统动力学[M].北京:人民交通出版社.1998
[41]陈歆贤.路面平整度检测技术[J].交通标准化.2005
[42] Sayers M W, Gillespie T D, C A V Queiroz.The International RoadRoughness Experiment:Establishing Correlation and Calibration Standard For Measurements[R].World Bank Technical Paper,1986
[43] G Awasthi,T Singh,A Das.OnPavement Roughness Indices[J].IE Journal, 2003
[44]钟阳,王哲人,郭祖辛.对国际平整度指数法的评论[J].1994,7(01).
[45]钱国超,赵叫慈.BI仪与三米直尺路面平整度评价指标的研究[J].华东公路1991(12)
[46]蔚晓丹.国际平整度指数IRI作为路面平整度评价指标的研究[J].公路交通科技,1999
[47]罗纳德.D.斯尼、罗格.W.何瑞尔著.祝可嘉译.领导者读六西格玛[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社.2003
[48]福利斯特.W.布雷弗格三世等著.陈运涛译.六西格玛实施指南[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社.2003
[49]张弛.MINITAB六西格玛解决方案[M].广东:广东经济出版社.2003
[50]容毅超,张璐.六西格玛管理理论及实践案例集[M].北京:科学出版社.2009
[51]何炳林.某高速路工程滑模摊铺机械的选用问题分析[J].广东科技.2008(4)
[52]凌子良.提高水泥混凝土路面平整度的措施[J].筑路机械与施工机械化.2009(4)
[2]傅智.水泥混凝土路面的舒适性研究[J].公路.2000(1)
[3]周晓青,孙立军,颜利.各国路面平整度验收规范[J].中外公路.2006(2)
[4]乔杜里著.郭仁松,朱健译.六西格玛的力量[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2002
[5]张弛,文放怀,王绍印.六西格玛实战[M].广东:广东经济出版社.2002年
[6] Haas Ralph,Hudson W Ronald,Zaniewski John. Modern Pavement Management [M]. Malabar,Florida:Krieger Publ.Co,1994
[7] The Effect of Initial Pavement Smoothness on Long Term Roughness Progression: Some Findings from CLTPP and US-LTPP Studies[R].1999
[8] NCHRP.AASHTO2002 Pavement Design Guide[S]
[9] SWANLUND M .Enhancing Pavement smoothness[J].Public Roads.2000 (2)
[10] JTG F80/1—2004,公路工程质量检验评定标准[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[11] Canadian Strategic Highway Research Program.Summary of Pavement Smoothness Specificatins in Canada and Aroud The World[R].1999
[12]吴九懿.滑模摊铺水泥混凝土路面平整度的控制[J].中外公路.2003(10)
[13]匡志新.论机械设备影响路面平整度的原因及处理方案[J].科技信息.2007(9)
[14]中华人民共和国交通部.公路水泥混凝土路面滑模施工技术规程(JTJ/T 037. 1-2000 )[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[15]李建敏.影响水泥混凝土路面平整度的因素及其控制措施[J].科技风.2010(7)
[16]戚秋根等.浅谈水泥混凝土路面平整度的影响因素与控制措施[J].科技与生活.2010(2)
[17]丁鹏等.水泥混凝土路面不平整因素和提高平整度的工艺措施[J].中华民居.2010(10)
[18]马智勇.关于路面平整度质量控制的探索[J].科技信息.2009(5)
[19]赵学刚.水泥混凝土路面不平整因素和提高平整度的工艺措施[J].交通世界.2010(8)
[20]彼得.潘德,莱瑞.荷普著.王金德等译.六西格玛是什么[M].中国财政经济出版社.2002
[21]马林等.6σ管理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社.2004
[22]卿寿松.质量改进实施指南[M].北京:中国计量出版社.1998
[23]王立汉.6σ在加油站计量管理中的应用与研究[J].科技成果管理与研究.2009(2)
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[25]徐峰.三星集团应用创新方法的经验分析[J].科技进步与对策.2010(4)
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