改进A～2/O工艺低碳源同步脱氮除磷试验研究
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摘要
旅游区公厕污水水质水量变化幅度较大,在旅游淡季,往往出现经化粪池预处理后的污水由于化学需氧量较低,而不能满足常规A2/O工艺同步脱氮除磷所需碳源水平的问题,以致影响氮磷的去除效果。在借鉴荷兰Delft科技大学Kuba教授研究成果的基础上,提出以培养反硝化除磷菌(DPB)为优势菌种,对常规A2/O工艺进行配合改进的新思路。工艺改进分为三方面,增加中间沉淀池、改变原回流路线的始终端同时增加一条新的回流路线、在好氧段投加软性填料。由于改进工艺形成了双泥体系,达到富集反硝化除磷菌的目的,以解决常规A2/O工艺难以同步高效脱氮除磷的缺陷。本研究开展了相应的实验研究。
反硝化除磷菌(DPB)的培养是新工艺的关键。采取了两阶段间歇式的方法,成功地驯化出DPB。
静态试验结果:挂膜硝化反应最佳pH值为8.5;COD和硝酸盐氮对DPB的吸磷、释磷有较大影响,吸磷过程COD控制范围以小于30mg/L为宜。
对三种进水流量,三种不同污泥回流量进行了动态试验,找到最佳停留时间与污泥回流参数,大幅度提高了氮磷去除率,结果为:进水流量Q为10L/h,污泥回流量为0.3Q时,TP去除率为94.2%,氨氮去除率为93.6%,硝酸盐氮去除率为91.3%。为证明DPB对系统的脱氮除磷是否起到了关键作用,本研究设计并进行了细菌磷含量的检验,结果表明该系统的DPB处于正常工作状态。
研究说明,以DPB为优势菌种的改进A2/O新工艺的思路是正确的,方法简易可行,能够在不投放外加碳源、不增加成本的同时,使氮磷的去除率同步达到90%以上的高效水平。
The wasterwater quality and quantity of public washrooms vary within a large range and, especially in low season, outflow of pretreatment cannot meet the request of carban resource for denitrification and posphourus removal simultaneously using conventional A2/O process. Because Chemical Oxygen Demand decreases in the septic tank., the effecet of nitrogen and posphourus removal is influenced. Using the research achievement of Pro. T. Kuba of Netherlands Delft University of Technology for reference, the new idea that the Denitrifying Phosphorus removal Bacteria is incubated as dominant bacterias and the conventional A2/O process is improved correspondingly. The improved process consists of adding a settling tank, changing the begin and the end of the old sludge return routine and adding the flexible filling into the oxic tank. This process became a two-sludge system to accumulate the DPB so that it can slove the problem that it is difficult for the convetional A2/O process to arrive the high efficiency of denitrification and posphorus remval. The research develops the relevant experiment.
The incubation of DPB is the key for the new process, so the two-stage sequencing approach of incubation is adopted, and DPB is incubated successfully.
The result of captive test: The value of pH for the filmed nitrobacteria should be controlled at 8.5; the concentration of COD and NO3- influence the effect of the posphourus take-up and release, the concentration of COD should be controlled below 30 mg/L in the posphourus take-up process.
The dynamic test is carried out in the condition of three flux and three different sludge return flux to get the optimal value of HRT and the sludge return. The result indicates that when the inflow Q is 10L/h and the sludge return is 0.3Q, the removal rate of TP is 94.2%, the removal rate of NH4+-N is 93.6%, and the removal rate of NO3--N is 91.3%.
The research design and carry out the checking up the posphousrus rate of the bacteria so that it proved that the DPB takes an important role in posphourus removal. The results indicate the DPB is in a natural working status.
The research shows that it is correct ,simple and practical for this idea to improved A2/O process based on dominant bacteria of DPB, The removal rate of the nitrogen and posphourus arrive more than 90% in the condtion of neither addition extra carbon resource nor increasing the cost.
反硝化除磷菌(DPB)的培养是新工艺的关键。采取了两阶段间歇式的方法,成功地驯化出DPB。
静态试验结果:挂膜硝化反应最佳pH值为8.5;COD和硝酸盐氮对DPB的吸磷、释磷有较大影响,吸磷过程COD控制范围以小于30mg/L为宜。
对三种进水流量,三种不同污泥回流量进行了动态试验,找到最佳停留时间与污泥回流参数,大幅度提高了氮磷去除率,结果为:进水流量Q为10L/h,污泥回流量为0.3Q时,TP去除率为94.2%,氨氮去除率为93.6%,硝酸盐氮去除率为91.3%。为证明DPB对系统的脱氮除磷是否起到了关键作用,本研究设计并进行了细菌磷含量的检验,结果表明该系统的DPB处于正常工作状态。
研究说明,以DPB为优势菌种的改进A2/O新工艺的思路是正确的,方法简易可行,能够在不投放外加碳源、不增加成本的同时,使氮磷的去除率同步达到90%以上的高效水平。
The wasterwater quality and quantity of public washrooms vary within a large range and, especially in low season, outflow of pretreatment cannot meet the request of carban resource for denitrification and posphourus removal simultaneously using conventional A2/O process. Because Chemical Oxygen Demand decreases in the septic tank., the effecet of nitrogen and posphourus removal is influenced. Using the research achievement of Pro. T. Kuba of Netherlands Delft University of Technology for reference, the new idea that the Denitrifying Phosphorus removal Bacteria is incubated as dominant bacterias and the conventional A2/O process is improved correspondingly. The improved process consists of adding a settling tank, changing the begin and the end of the old sludge return routine and adding the flexible filling into the oxic tank. This process became a two-sludge system to accumulate the DPB so that it can slove the problem that it is difficult for the convetional A2/O process to arrive the high efficiency of denitrification and posphorus remval. The research develops the relevant experiment.
The incubation of DPB is the key for the new process, so the two-stage sequencing approach of incubation is adopted, and DPB is incubated successfully.
The result of captive test: The value of pH for the filmed nitrobacteria should be controlled at 8.5; the concentration of COD and NO3- influence the effect of the posphourus take-up and release, the concentration of COD should be controlled below 30 mg/L in the posphourus take-up process.
The dynamic test is carried out in the condition of three flux and three different sludge return flux to get the optimal value of HRT and the sludge return. The result indicates that when the inflow Q is 10L/h and the sludge return is 0.3Q, the removal rate of TP is 94.2%, the removal rate of NH4+-N is 93.6%, and the removal rate of NO3--N is 91.3%.
The research design and carry out the checking up the posphousrus rate of the bacteria so that it proved that the DPB takes an important role in posphourus removal. The results indicate the DPB is in a natural working status.
The research shows that it is correct ,simple and practical for this idea to improved A2/O process based on dominant bacteria of DPB, The removal rate of the nitrogen and posphourus arrive more than 90% in the condtion of neither addition extra carbon resource nor increasing the cost.
引文
[1] 钱正英、张光斗.中国可持续发展水资源战略研究.北京:中国水利电力出版社,2001:28-31
[2] 2004 年中国水资源公报 中华人民共和国水利部 2005
[3] 2004 年中国环境状况公报 中华人民共和国环保总局 2005
[4] 国务院关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定 2005,12
[5] 周群英,高廷耀.环境工程微生物学(第二版).北京:高等教育社,2000,7:248
[6] Pokethitiyook P, McClintock SA, Randall CW, The role of nitrate in biological phosphorus removal. Environmental Engineering, Proceedings of the 1900 Speciality Conference,Ar lington,Vi rginia,July8-11,1990: 330-336.
[7] 国家环保局,国家技术监督局.中华人民共和国国家标准—污水综合排放标准(GB18918-2002).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002
[8] 李军,杨秀山,彭永臻.微生物与水处理工程.北京:化学工业出版社,2003,7:381
[9] 张自杰主编.排水工程下册(第四版). 北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 2002, 1: 308-309
[10] 王宝贞,王琳.水污染治理新技术.北京:科学出版社,2004,1:12-13
[11] 周雹.活性污泥工艺简明原理及设计计算.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2005, 10:20-21
[12] A.E.Steiner,D.A.Mclaren,C.F.Forster.The Natrue of Activated Sludge Flocs [J]. Wat.Res..1976,10:25-30
[13] 杨萍,张焕云,乔娴.关于提高城市污水厂除磷率的探讨[J].中国环保产业, 2006, 1:25-27
[14] Comeau Y.Phosphate Release and Uptake in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal from Wastewaters [J].WPCF,1987,59(7)
[15] 李军,杨秀山,王宝贞,聂梅生.序批式生物膜法除磷机理研究[J].中国给水排水, 2002, 18(1):1-4
[16] Comeau Y. Anoxic biological phosphorus removal in a full-scale UCT process [J].Water Research,1997,31(11) :2719-2726
[17] Bruce E. Rittmann. Perry L. McCarty. Environmental biotechnology principles and application. McGraw-Hill, 2001,7:474-475
[18] 严世煦.水和废水技术研究.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992:529-532
[19] 张洁,胡卫新,张雁秋 改进型双泥反硝化除磷脱氮工艺[J].浙江:环境污染与防治 2005,27(3):232-235
[20] Wanner J, Cech J.S and Kos M.New process design for biological nutrient removal. Wat:Sci.Tech.1992(25):445-448
[21] Kuba T, Smolders G, van Loosdrecht M.C.M and Heijnen J.J.Biological phosphorus removal from wastewater by anaerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor. Wat.Sci.Tech.1993(27):241-252
[22] Kuba T, van Loosdrecht M.C.M and Heijnen J.J.Biological phosphorus removal from wastewater by anaerobic-anoxic or anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor. Deft University of Technology.1992(5):1120-1610.
[23] T. Kuba, M.C.M van Loosdrecht, J.J. Heijnen. Biological dephosphatation by activated sludge under denitrfication conditions: pH influence and occurrence of denitrifying dephosphatation in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Wat.Sci. Tech.,1997,36(12):75~82
[24] 田淑媛,王景峰等.厌氧条件下的 PHB 和聚磷酸盐及其生化机理研究.中国给水排水, 2000, 16(7): 5-7.
[25] 黄荣新. 新型反硝化生物脱氮除磷全流程工艺的实验研究.哈尔滨工业大学:2004
[26] 黄荣新. 新型反硝化生物脱氮除磷全流程工艺的实验研究.哈尔滨工业大学:2004
[27] 沈萍主编.微生物学.高等教育出版社, 2000:104-105
[28] T. Kuba, M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht, J. J. Heijnen. Phosphorus and nitrogenremoval with minimal COD requirement by integration of denitrifying dephosphatation and nitrification in a two-sludge system. Water Research Vol.30 No.7 1996: 1702-1710
[29] Jens Meinhold, Eva Arnold, Steven Isaacs. Effect of nitrite on anoxic phosphate uptake in biological phosphorus removal activated sludge. Wat.Res.,1999, 33(8): 1871~1883
[30] G. Bortone, R.Saltarelli, V. Alonso, R. Sorm, J. Wanner and A. Tilche. Biological anoxic phosphorus removal – the DEPHANOX processs.Wat.Sci.Tech,1996, 24(1-2):119-128
[31] 马勇,彭永臻,王晓莲,李金成.新型高效反硝化除磷工艺.环境污染与防治,2004, 26(1):51-53
[32] 薛艳,黄勇,潘杨.废水生物脱氮除磷工艺的进展与评述.工业用水与废水,2006, 37(3):11-15
[33] 刘丽玲,操家顺.脱氮除磷新途径—反硝化除磷.化工设计,2004,14(2):37-39
[34] 国家环保局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1994,11
[35] T. Kuba, M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht, J. J. Heijnen. Phosphorus and nitrogen removal with minimal COD requirement by integration of denitrifying dephosphatation and nitrification in a two-sludge system. Water Research Vol.30 No.7 1996: 1702-1710
[36] T. Kuba, M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht, J. J. Heijnen. Biological dephosphatation by activated sludge under denitrifying conditions: pH influence and occurrence of denitrifying dephosphatation in a full-scale waste water treatment plant. Water Science and Technology Vol.36 No.12 1997: 75-82
[37] A. Wachtmeister, M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht, T. Kuba , J. J. Heijnen. A sludge characterization assay for aerobic and denitrifying phosphorus removing sludge. Water Research Vol.31 No.3 1997: 471-478
[38] 姚重华.废水处理计量学导论.化学工业出版社.2002:26-27
[39] 董姗燕,姚重华.活性污泥数学除磷数学模型研究进展.化工环保,2005.25 (4): 281-283
[40] 杜红,马勇,彭永臻,王宝贞.A/O 脱氮工艺实时控制对策的试验研究.环境科学 2005 26(4):100-105
[41] 杨翠竹,李艳.阮南.牟德华.康明丽.酵母细胞破壁技术研究与应用进展. 食品科技,2006,7:138-142
[42] 孙彦编著.生物分离工程.化学工业出版社.2005:243
[2] 2004 年中国水资源公报 中华人民共和国水利部 2005
[3] 2004 年中国环境状况公报 中华人民共和国环保总局 2005
[4] 国务院关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定 2005,12
[5] 周群英,高廷耀.环境工程微生物学(第二版).北京:高等教育社,2000,7:248
[6] Pokethitiyook P, McClintock SA, Randall CW, The role of nitrate in biological phosphorus removal. Environmental Engineering, Proceedings of the 1900 Speciality Conference,Ar lington,Vi rginia,July8-11,1990: 330-336.
[7] 国家环保局,国家技术监督局.中华人民共和国国家标准—污水综合排放标准(GB18918-2002).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002
[8] 李军,杨秀山,彭永臻.微生物与水处理工程.北京:化学工业出版社,2003,7:381
[9] 张自杰主编.排水工程下册(第四版). 北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 2002, 1: 308-309
[10] 王宝贞,王琳.水污染治理新技术.北京:科学出版社,2004,1:12-13
[11] 周雹.活性污泥工艺简明原理及设计计算.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2005, 10:20-21
[12] A.E.Steiner,D.A.Mclaren,C.F.Forster.The Natrue of Activated Sludge Flocs [J]. Wat.Res..1976,10:25-30
[13] 杨萍,张焕云,乔娴.关于提高城市污水厂除磷率的探讨[J].中国环保产业, 2006, 1:25-27
[14] Comeau Y.Phosphate Release and Uptake in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal from Wastewaters [J].WPCF,1987,59(7)
[15] 李军,杨秀山,王宝贞,聂梅生.序批式生物膜法除磷机理研究[J].中国给水排水, 2002, 18(1):1-4
[16] Comeau Y. Anoxic biological phosphorus removal in a full-scale UCT process [J].Water Research,1997,31(11) :2719-2726
[17] Bruce E. Rittmann. Perry L. McCarty. Environmental biotechnology principles and application. McGraw-Hill, 2001,7:474-475
[18] 严世煦.水和废水技术研究.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992:529-532
[19] 张洁,胡卫新,张雁秋 改进型双泥反硝化除磷脱氮工艺[J].浙江:环境污染与防治 2005,27(3):232-235
[20] Wanner J, Cech J.S and Kos M.New process design for biological nutrient removal. Wat:Sci.Tech.1992(25):445-448
[21] Kuba T, Smolders G, van Loosdrecht M.C.M and Heijnen J.J.Biological phosphorus removal from wastewater by anaerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor. Wat.Sci.Tech.1993(27):241-252
[22] Kuba T, van Loosdrecht M.C.M and Heijnen J.J.Biological phosphorus removal from wastewater by anaerobic-anoxic or anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor. Deft University of Technology.1992(5):1120-1610.
[23] T. Kuba, M.C.M van Loosdrecht, J.J. Heijnen. Biological dephosphatation by activated sludge under denitrfication conditions: pH influence and occurrence of denitrifying dephosphatation in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Wat.Sci. Tech.,1997,36(12):75~82
[24] 田淑媛,王景峰等.厌氧条件下的 PHB 和聚磷酸盐及其生化机理研究.中国给水排水, 2000, 16(7): 5-7.
[25] 黄荣新. 新型反硝化生物脱氮除磷全流程工艺的实验研究.哈尔滨工业大学:2004
[26] 黄荣新. 新型反硝化生物脱氮除磷全流程工艺的实验研究.哈尔滨工业大学:2004
[27] 沈萍主编.微生物学.高等教育出版社, 2000:104-105
[28] T. Kuba, M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht, J. J. Heijnen. Phosphorus and nitrogenremoval with minimal COD requirement by integration of denitrifying dephosphatation and nitrification in a two-sludge system. Water Research Vol.30 No.7 1996: 1702-1710
[29] Jens Meinhold, Eva Arnold, Steven Isaacs. Effect of nitrite on anoxic phosphate uptake in biological phosphorus removal activated sludge. Wat.Res.,1999, 33(8): 1871~1883
[30] G. Bortone, R.Saltarelli, V. Alonso, R. Sorm, J. Wanner and A. Tilche. Biological anoxic phosphorus removal – the DEPHANOX processs.Wat.Sci.Tech,1996, 24(1-2):119-128
[31] 马勇,彭永臻,王晓莲,李金成.新型高效反硝化除磷工艺.环境污染与防治,2004, 26(1):51-53
[32] 薛艳,黄勇,潘杨.废水生物脱氮除磷工艺的进展与评述.工业用水与废水,2006, 37(3):11-15
[33] 刘丽玲,操家顺.脱氮除磷新途径—反硝化除磷.化工设计,2004,14(2):37-39
[34] 国家环保局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1994,11
[35] T. Kuba, M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht, J. J. Heijnen. Phosphorus and nitrogen removal with minimal COD requirement by integration of denitrifying dephosphatation and nitrification in a two-sludge system. Water Research Vol.30 No.7 1996: 1702-1710
[36] T. Kuba, M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht, J. J. Heijnen. Biological dephosphatation by activated sludge under denitrifying conditions: pH influence and occurrence of denitrifying dephosphatation in a full-scale waste water treatment plant. Water Science and Technology Vol.36 No.12 1997: 75-82
[37] A. Wachtmeister, M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht, T. Kuba , J. J. Heijnen. A sludge characterization assay for aerobic and denitrifying phosphorus removing sludge. Water Research Vol.31 No.3 1997: 471-478
[38] 姚重华.废水处理计量学导论.化学工业出版社.2002:26-27
[39] 董姗燕,姚重华.活性污泥数学除磷数学模型研究进展.化工环保,2005.25 (4): 281-283
[40] 杜红,马勇,彭永臻,王宝贞.A/O 脱氮工艺实时控制对策的试验研究.环境科学 2005 26(4):100-105
[41] 杨翠竹,李艳.阮南.牟德华.康明丽.酵母细胞破壁技术研究与应用进展. 食品科技,2006,7:138-142
[42] 孙彦编著.生物分离工程.化学工业出版社.2005:243
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