倒置A～2/O工艺污水生物脱氮效果研究
|
摘要
随着工农业的迅速发展,水体污染现象日益严重。加强污水处理,控制氮、磷等营养性物质进入水体是防止水体污染的主要途径。生物脱氮技术因其特有的技术经济优势,受到了人们的普遍重视,而开发一种经济有效的污水脱氮处理技术己成为水污染控制工程领域的重点与热点。
本论文对倒置A~2/O工艺生物脱氮的相关机理进行了探讨,并对影响系统脱氮效果的各种因素(诸如温度、水力停留时间、溶解氧浓度、污泥回流比、C/N比、进水水质等)以及反应器各部分在脱氮过程中的作用、功能及主要的运行机理进行了较详细的分析研究,并在试验中得出了系统运行的最佳工艺参数为:好氧区水力停留时间为6h,好氧区前端溶解氧浓度为3mg/L,中后段为2mg/L,污泥回流比为200%。系统在此条件下能够达到较佳的硝化和反硝化效果,并能保证较好的有机物的去除效果。
在倒置A~2/O工艺参数沿程变化研究中发现,当好氧区溶解氧浓度存在梯度变化时,其中发生了好氧反硝化反应,其对出水硝态氮的浓度有着明显的影响。在本文的最后通过倒置A~2/O工艺与常规A~2/O工艺的对比实验,从技术和经济两方面说明了倒置A~2/O工艺的优越性;并对倒置A~2/O和传统A~2/O两种工艺中相关工艺参数沿程变化的差异进行了比较分析研究。
With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, water body has been increasing polluted. Strengthening sewage disposal, controlling nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition material enter water body to prevent main way of water pollution from. The biological N and P removal technology has been used successfully to treat a variety of pollutants, particularly effective in nitrogen removal from wastewater. So open up an economical effectual technology of nitrogen removal is important to us.
The paper discuss mechanism of nitrogen removal by inverted A2/O process and study the various kinds of influence factors (such as temperature, HRT, DO, R, C/N, water quality, etc.), and the roles of variety respectively of reactor played in the nitrogen removal process in detail, and Optimal operating parameters are achieved in the reactor: HRT=6h, DO=3, 2mg/L, R=200%. Under this condition, the system can achieve the best nitration and denitrification effect, and also can guarantee the better remove effect of organic matter.
Aerobic Denitrification Process is discovered when the DO concentration exists gradient change in the inverted A2/O process, and it has obvious influence to the nitric nitrogen concentration of the effluent. Finally, experiments testify that inverted A2/O process is more economical and effectual for many reasons in comparison with traditional A2/O process, and the paper also analyzed the difference of the roles of variety respectively of reactor played in the nitrogen removal process between the inverted A2/O process and the traditional A2/O process.
本论文对倒置A~2/O工艺生物脱氮的相关机理进行了探讨,并对影响系统脱氮效果的各种因素(诸如温度、水力停留时间、溶解氧浓度、污泥回流比、C/N比、进水水质等)以及反应器各部分在脱氮过程中的作用、功能及主要的运行机理进行了较详细的分析研究,并在试验中得出了系统运行的最佳工艺参数为:好氧区水力停留时间为6h,好氧区前端溶解氧浓度为3mg/L,中后段为2mg/L,污泥回流比为200%。系统在此条件下能够达到较佳的硝化和反硝化效果,并能保证较好的有机物的去除效果。
在倒置A~2/O工艺参数沿程变化研究中发现,当好氧区溶解氧浓度存在梯度变化时,其中发生了好氧反硝化反应,其对出水硝态氮的浓度有着明显的影响。在本文的最后通过倒置A~2/O工艺与常规A~2/O工艺的对比实验,从技术和经济两方面说明了倒置A~2/O工艺的优越性;并对倒置A~2/O和传统A~2/O两种工艺中相关工艺参数沿程变化的差异进行了比较分析研究。
With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, water body has been increasing polluted. Strengthening sewage disposal, controlling nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition material enter water body to prevent main way of water pollution from. The biological N and P removal technology has been used successfully to treat a variety of pollutants, particularly effective in nitrogen removal from wastewater. So open up an economical effectual technology of nitrogen removal is important to us.
The paper discuss mechanism of nitrogen removal by inverted A2/O process and study the various kinds of influence factors (such as temperature, HRT, DO, R, C/N, water quality, etc.), and the roles of variety respectively of reactor played in the nitrogen removal process in detail, and Optimal operating parameters are achieved in the reactor: HRT=6h, DO=3, 2mg/L, R=200%. Under this condition, the system can achieve the best nitration and denitrification effect, and also can guarantee the better remove effect of organic matter.
Aerobic Denitrification Process is discovered when the DO concentration exists gradient change in the inverted A2/O process, and it has obvious influence to the nitric nitrogen concentration of the effluent. Finally, experiments testify that inverted A2/O process is more economical and effectual for many reasons in comparison with traditional A2/O process, and the paper also analyzed the difference of the roles of variety respectively of reactor played in the nitrogen removal process between the inverted A2/O process and the traditional A2/O process.
引文
1 沈耀良,王宝贞编著. 废水生物处理新技术—理论与应用. 中国环境科学出版社, 1999
2 Halling-Sorensen B and Jorgensen SE.The removal of nitrogen compounds from wastewater.Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.1993
3 钱易等. 环境保护与可持续发展. 高等教育出版社. 2000: 50～51
4 周彤等. 污水的零费用脱氮. 给水排水. 2000, 26 (2): 37～39
5 林燕,杨永哲等. 生物除磷脱氮技术的研究动向. 中国给水排水. 2002,18 (7):20～22.
6 肖锦主编. 城市污水处理及回用技术. 化学工业出版社,2002
7 周少奇,周吉林. 生物脱氮新技术研究进展. 环境污染治理技术与设备. 2000, 1(6):11～19
8 杨朝晖,曾光明等. 废水生物脱氮除磷机理与技术研究的进展. 四川环境. 2002,21(2):25～29
9 林 涛 等 . 新 型 的 脱 氮 工 艺 —SHARON 工 艺 . 环 境 污 染 与 治 理 . 2003,25(3):164～166
10 左剑恶,蒙爱红. 一种新型生物脱氮工艺—SHARON—ANAMMOX 组合工艺.给水排水. 2001, 27 (10) :22～28
11 孔庆鑫,李君文. 微生物好氧反硝化脱氮作用研究进展. 环境与健康. 2004, 21 (3):189～191
12 李军,杨秀山,彭永臻. 微生物与水处理工程. 化学工业出版社. 2002:343～406
13 袁林江,彭党聪,王志盈. 短程硝化-反硝化生物脱氮. 中国给水排水. 2000,16 (2) :29～31
14 涂保华,张洁,张雁秋. 影响短程硝化反硝化的因素. 工业安全与环保. 2004 30 (1) :12～14
15 Mulder JM,van loosdrecht MCM and van Kempen R.Full-scale application of theSHARON process for treatment of rejection water of digested sludge dewatering.Water Science and Technology. 2001,43(11):127～134
16 Van Kempen R, Mulder JW. Uijterlinde CA and van loosdrecht MCM.Overview: full scale experience of the SHARON process for treatment of rejection water of digested sludge dewatering.Water Science and Technology. 2001,44(1):145～152
17 Van Dongen U, Jetten MSM and van Loosdrecht MCM.The Sharon-Anammox process for treatment of ammonium rich wastewater.Water Science and Technology. 2001,44(1)153～160
18 Fux C,Boehler M,Huber P,Brunner I and Siegrist H.Biological treatment of ammonium-rich wastewater by partial nitritation and subsequent anaerobic ammonium oxidationin a pilot plant.Journal of Biotechnology. 2002,99:295～306
19 张波. 城市污水生物除磷脱氮机理与动力学研究. 同济大学工学博士论文. 1996
20 张波,高廷耀. 倒置A2/O工艺的原理与特点研究. 中国给水排水. 2000,16(7):11～15
21 刘瑾. 城市污水生物脱氮除磷机理与工艺研究. 同济大学工学博士论文. 1994
22 张波,高廷耀. 生物脱氮除磷工艺厌氧/缺氧环境倒置效应. 中国给水排水. 1997,13(3): 7～10
23 金有祥,张万勤. 改良型A2/O工艺综述. 科技交流. 2002,32(2):75～78
24 万年红. A2/O工艺的改良与设计应用. 中国给水排水. 2003,19(8):81～83
25 张波,苏玉民. 倒置A2/O工艺的氮磷脱除功能. 环境工程. 1999,17(2):7～10
26 李勇,吕炳南,黄勇. 改进A2/O的设想. 中国给水排水. 2001,17(8) :31～33
27 Bock E and Koops HP and Harms H.Nitrifying bacteria.In:Autotrophic Bacteria,Schlegel H G and Bowien B(eds),Science Tech Publishers,Madison ,WI and Springer Verlag, Berlin,1989.81～96
28 Staley JT, Bryant MP,Pfennig N and Holt JG.Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology(V01.3).Williams & Wilkins ,1989.1807～1835
29 Purkhold U,Pommerening-Roser A,Juetschko S,Schmid MC,Koops,H-P,and Wagner M.Phylogeny of All Recognized Species of Ammonia Oxidizers Based onComparative 16S rRNA and amoA Sequence Analysis:Implication for Molecular Diversity Surveys.Appl Environ Microbio1. 2000,66:5368～5382
30 Holt JG,Krieg NR,Sneath PHA,Staley JT and Williams ST.Bergey’s manual of det-erminative bacteriology(9th edition).Williams Wilkins,1994,p.427～455
31 Staley JT,Bryant MP,Pfennig N and Holt JG.Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology(V01.3) .Williams & Wilkins,2001.1807～1835
32 Jiangm QQ and Bakken LR.Comparison of Nitrosospira strains isolated from terrestrial environments,FEMS Microbiology Ecology ,1999,30(2):171～186
33 Bock E,Sundermeyer-Klinger H and Stackebrandt E.New facultative lithoauto- trophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria.Arch Microbiol. 1983,136:281～284
34 Schmidt I and Bock E Anaerobic ammonia with nitrogen dioxide by Nitrosomonas eutropha.Arch Microbiol,1997,167:106～111
35 郑平,冯孝善,胡宝兰等. 新型生物脱氮理论与技术. 北京:科学出版社. 2004
36 Hollocher TC, Tate ME and Nicholas DJD.Oxidation of ammonia by Nitrosomonas europaea.J Biol chem. 1981, 256:10834～10836
37 Anderson KK and Hopper AB. O2 and H2O are each the source of one O in NO2- produced from NH3 by Nitrosomonas: 15N-NMR evidence.FEBS Lett. 1983,164:236～240
38 高廷耀,顾国维. 水质污染控制工程(下册). 高等教育出版社. 1999
39 汪大章,雷乐成. 水处理新技术及工程设计. 化学工业出版社. 1999
40 Abeliocich A.Transformations of ammonia and the environmental impact of nitrifying bacteria.Biodergradation,1992,3:255～264
41 Tiedje JM.Ecology of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium.In:Biology of Anaerobic Microorganisms, Zehnder AJB (ed), John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988.179-244
42 Kuenen JG and Jetten MSM.Extraordinary anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria.ASM News,2001,67(9):456～463
43 Schalk J, de Vries S,Kuenen JG and Jetten MSM.Involvement of a novel hydroxylamine oxidoreductase in anaerobic ammonium oxidation.Biochemistry,2000,39:5405～5412
44 李亚新. 城市污水硝化反硝化及生物脱氮计算. 环境工程. 1995
45 顾夏声. 水处理微生物学基础. 中国建筑工业出版社. 1987
46 宗宫功编著,张荪楠,吴之丽译. 污水除磷脱氮技术. 中国环境出版社. 1987
47 王洪臣. 城市污水处理厂运行控制与维护管理. 科学出版社. 1997
48 任杰,顾国维,杨海真. 改良型A2/O工艺处理城市污水的中试研究. 给水排水. 2000, 26(6) :7～10
49 侯红娟,王洪洋,周琪. 进水 COD 浓度及 C/N 值对脱氮效果的影响. 中国给水排水. 2005, 21(12) :19～23
50 屈记宁,张建良. 倒置A2/O工艺在城市污水处理中的应用研究. 江苏环境科技. 2004, 17(2) :9～12
51 姜苏,周集体,郭海燕等. 一体化 A/O 生物膜反应器脱氮特性研究. 环境科学与技术. 2005, 28(2) :71～73
52 黄理辉,张波,毕学军等. 倒置A2/O工艺的生产性试验研究. 中国给水排水. 2004, 20(6) :12～15
53 董滨,周增炎,高廷耀. 投料倒置A2/O脱氮除磷工艺中试. 中国给水排水. 2004, 20(11) :14～17
54 傅钢,董滨,周增炎等. 倒置A2/O工艺的设计特点与运行参数. 中国给水排水. 2004, 20(9) :53～55
2 Halling-Sorensen B and Jorgensen SE.The removal of nitrogen compounds from wastewater.Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.1993
3 钱易等. 环境保护与可持续发展. 高等教育出版社. 2000: 50～51
4 周彤等. 污水的零费用脱氮. 给水排水. 2000, 26 (2): 37～39
5 林燕,杨永哲等. 生物除磷脱氮技术的研究动向. 中国给水排水. 2002,18 (7):20～22.
6 肖锦主编. 城市污水处理及回用技术. 化学工业出版社,2002
7 周少奇,周吉林. 生物脱氮新技术研究进展. 环境污染治理技术与设备. 2000, 1(6):11～19
8 杨朝晖,曾光明等. 废水生物脱氮除磷机理与技术研究的进展. 四川环境. 2002,21(2):25～29
9 林 涛 等 . 新 型 的 脱 氮 工 艺 —SHARON 工 艺 . 环 境 污 染 与 治 理 . 2003,25(3):164～166
10 左剑恶,蒙爱红. 一种新型生物脱氮工艺—SHARON—ANAMMOX 组合工艺.给水排水. 2001, 27 (10) :22～28
11 孔庆鑫,李君文. 微生物好氧反硝化脱氮作用研究进展. 环境与健康. 2004, 21 (3):189～191
12 李军,杨秀山,彭永臻. 微生物与水处理工程. 化学工业出版社. 2002:343～406
13 袁林江,彭党聪,王志盈. 短程硝化-反硝化生物脱氮. 中国给水排水. 2000,16 (2) :29～31
14 涂保华,张洁,张雁秋. 影响短程硝化反硝化的因素. 工业安全与环保. 2004 30 (1) :12～14
15 Mulder JM,van loosdrecht MCM and van Kempen R.Full-scale application of theSHARON process for treatment of rejection water of digested sludge dewatering.Water Science and Technology. 2001,43(11):127～134
16 Van Kempen R, Mulder JW. Uijterlinde CA and van loosdrecht MCM.Overview: full scale experience of the SHARON process for treatment of rejection water of digested sludge dewatering.Water Science and Technology. 2001,44(1):145～152
17 Van Dongen U, Jetten MSM and van Loosdrecht MCM.The Sharon-Anammox process for treatment of ammonium rich wastewater.Water Science and Technology. 2001,44(1)153～160
18 Fux C,Boehler M,Huber P,Brunner I and Siegrist H.Biological treatment of ammonium-rich wastewater by partial nitritation and subsequent anaerobic ammonium oxidationin a pilot plant.Journal of Biotechnology. 2002,99:295～306
19 张波. 城市污水生物除磷脱氮机理与动力学研究. 同济大学工学博士论文. 1996
20 张波,高廷耀. 倒置A2/O工艺的原理与特点研究. 中国给水排水. 2000,16(7):11～15
21 刘瑾. 城市污水生物脱氮除磷机理与工艺研究. 同济大学工学博士论文. 1994
22 张波,高廷耀. 生物脱氮除磷工艺厌氧/缺氧环境倒置效应. 中国给水排水. 1997,13(3): 7～10
23 金有祥,张万勤. 改良型A2/O工艺综述. 科技交流. 2002,32(2):75～78
24 万年红. A2/O工艺的改良与设计应用. 中国给水排水. 2003,19(8):81～83
25 张波,苏玉民. 倒置A2/O工艺的氮磷脱除功能. 环境工程. 1999,17(2):7～10
26 李勇,吕炳南,黄勇. 改进A2/O的设想. 中国给水排水. 2001,17(8) :31～33
27 Bock E and Koops HP and Harms H.Nitrifying bacteria.In:Autotrophic Bacteria,Schlegel H G and Bowien B(eds),Science Tech Publishers,Madison ,WI and Springer Verlag, Berlin,1989.81～96
28 Staley JT, Bryant MP,Pfennig N and Holt JG.Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology(V01.3).Williams & Wilkins ,1989.1807～1835
29 Purkhold U,Pommerening-Roser A,Juetschko S,Schmid MC,Koops,H-P,and Wagner M.Phylogeny of All Recognized Species of Ammonia Oxidizers Based onComparative 16S rRNA and amoA Sequence Analysis:Implication for Molecular Diversity Surveys.Appl Environ Microbio1. 2000,66:5368～5382
30 Holt JG,Krieg NR,Sneath PHA,Staley JT and Williams ST.Bergey’s manual of det-erminative bacteriology(9th edition).Williams Wilkins,1994,p.427～455
31 Staley JT,Bryant MP,Pfennig N and Holt JG.Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology(V01.3) .Williams & Wilkins,2001.1807～1835
32 Jiangm QQ and Bakken LR.Comparison of Nitrosospira strains isolated from terrestrial environments,FEMS Microbiology Ecology ,1999,30(2):171～186
33 Bock E,Sundermeyer-Klinger H and Stackebrandt E.New facultative lithoauto- trophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria.Arch Microbiol. 1983,136:281～284
34 Schmidt I and Bock E Anaerobic ammonia with nitrogen dioxide by Nitrosomonas eutropha.Arch Microbiol,1997,167:106～111
35 郑平,冯孝善,胡宝兰等. 新型生物脱氮理论与技术. 北京:科学出版社. 2004
36 Hollocher TC, Tate ME and Nicholas DJD.Oxidation of ammonia by Nitrosomonas europaea.J Biol chem. 1981, 256:10834～10836
37 Anderson KK and Hopper AB. O2 and H2O are each the source of one O in NO2- produced from NH3 by Nitrosomonas: 15N-NMR evidence.FEBS Lett. 1983,164:236～240
38 高廷耀,顾国维. 水质污染控制工程(下册). 高等教育出版社. 1999
39 汪大章,雷乐成. 水处理新技术及工程设计. 化学工业出版社. 1999
40 Abeliocich A.Transformations of ammonia and the environmental impact of nitrifying bacteria.Biodergradation,1992,3:255～264
41 Tiedje JM.Ecology of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium.In:Biology of Anaerobic Microorganisms, Zehnder AJB (ed), John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988.179-244
42 Kuenen JG and Jetten MSM.Extraordinary anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria.ASM News,2001,67(9):456～463
43 Schalk J, de Vries S,Kuenen JG and Jetten MSM.Involvement of a novel hydroxylamine oxidoreductase in anaerobic ammonium oxidation.Biochemistry,2000,39:5405～5412
44 李亚新. 城市污水硝化反硝化及生物脱氮计算. 环境工程. 1995
45 顾夏声. 水处理微生物学基础. 中国建筑工业出版社. 1987
46 宗宫功编著,张荪楠,吴之丽译. 污水除磷脱氮技术. 中国环境出版社. 1987
47 王洪臣. 城市污水处理厂运行控制与维护管理. 科学出版社. 1997
48 任杰,顾国维,杨海真. 改良型A2/O工艺处理城市污水的中试研究. 给水排水. 2000, 26(6) :7～10
49 侯红娟,王洪洋,周琪. 进水 COD 浓度及 C/N 值对脱氮效果的影响. 中国给水排水. 2005, 21(12) :19～23
50 屈记宁,张建良. 倒置A2/O工艺在城市污水处理中的应用研究. 江苏环境科技. 2004, 17(2) :9～12
51 姜苏,周集体,郭海燕等. 一体化 A/O 生物膜反应器脱氮特性研究. 环境科学与技术. 2005, 28(2) :71～73
52 黄理辉,张波,毕学军等. 倒置A2/O工艺的生产性试验研究. 中国给水排水. 2004, 20(6) :12～15
53 董滨,周增炎,高廷耀. 投料倒置A2/O脱氮除磷工艺中试. 中国给水排水. 2004, 20(11) :14～17
54 傅钢,董滨,周增炎等. 倒置A2/O工艺的设计特点与运行参数. 中国给水排水. 2004, 20(9) :53～55
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |