基于TMS320DM642多路嵌入式视频监控系统
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摘要
近年来,随着社会物质水平的不断提高,人们对安全防范和现场记录报警系统的需求越来越大,要求也越来越高,从而促进了视频监控系统的普及和快速发展。目前市场的视频监控系统多以图像采集卡采集图像,并借助于微机系统的高速运算能力和大容量存储器来完成对视频图像的实时压缩和存储等。这类系统能够即压即存,但同时带来体积大、成本高、工作稳定性差和感兴趣内容检索麻烦等不足。
随着视频监控系统的快速普及,市场划分也越来越细,传统的视频监控系统覆盖所有应用,性价比不高。本文针对场景变化不是很频繁的监控场合(家庭监控、重要仪器设备监控、野生动物调查监控等领域),设计、开发了一款嵌入式多路视频监控记录系统。该视频监控系统能够实时监测三个不同场景,采用H.264在DM642上完成3路视频的实时软压缩,由于是软压缩,可以针对不同应用调节视频图像质量和码流,方便系统的升级;采用CF卡代替大容量的硬盘存储,减小了系统的体积、增强稳定性的同时降低了系统的成本;抛弃传统视频监控系统即压即存的方式,改用运动检测算法来监测场景变化,记录变化前后一段时间的视频,减小对存储容量要求的同时方便对感兴趣视频的检索。本文致力于整个系统的实现,主要研究内容如下:
1.介绍运动检测算法的基本原理,分析一些常用运动检测算法,以此为基础提出适合本系统的运动检测算法。
2.简要介绍视频压缩标准发展历程,介绍各种压缩标准的优缺点。重点讲解H.264标准的主要特征及其编解码器的基本原理。
3.以DM642为核心,由最小系统的设计到外围接口的扩展,详细讲述系统的硬件平台原理图设计、PCB设计及系统硬件平台的调试。
4.深入研究DSP/BIOS操作系统内核的工作原理和线程调度机制及ReferenceFramework5框架的结构,以此为基础开发整个系统应用软件。
Recently,with the constant improvement of social material living standards,the demand for security and on-site alarm system grows rapidly and the requirements are getting higher,it improves the popularity and rapid development of video monitoring system.Nowadays,video monitoring system on the market often uses image acquisition card to acquire image,and it relies on computer system's high-speed computational capability and bulk memory to perform real-time compression and storage of video image.Such system can save video immediately after compression, but it also has the disadvantages,such as bulky in volume,expensive in cost,unstable in work and troublesome in interested content retrieval.
With the rapid spread of the video monitoring system,the functions of monitoring system are more detailed.Although traditional video monitoring system covers all applications,the cost performance is not so good.This paper is dedicated to the design and development of a multi-channel embedded video monitoring system aiming for backgrounds with rare change in scenes,such as home,important equipment and wildlife survey monitoring.This system can perform real-time monitoring on three different scenes at the same time by using H.264 software to compress three channel video at real-time on DM642 chip.It can adjust the video image quality and stream for different applications and facilitate system upgrade since soft compression is applied.Using CF card instead of large capacity hard disk storage reduces the bulk of the system,enhances the system stability and decreases the system cost.The tradition way of saving video immediately after compression is abandoned, instead,motion detection algorithm is adopted to monitor the change in scenes,that is, just recording the video image before and after scene change over a period of time if the scene is changed,which can reduce requirements for storage capacity and also facilitate the retrieval of interested video.This paper is committed to the realization of the whole system,the main research contents are as follows:
1.Introducing the basic principles of motion detection algorithm,analyzing some common motion detection algorithm,and putting forward a new motion detection algorithm for this system on this basis.
2.Briefly introducing the development of video compression standards and their advantages and disadvantages,then focusing on the main characteristics of H.264 standard and the basic principles of its codec.
3.Elaborating the design of schematic diagram of hardware platform of the system,PCB deign and hardware debug from the smallest system design to the expansion of periphery interface with DM642 as the central processor.
4.In-depth study of the working principles of DSP/BIOS operating system kernel,thread scheduling mechanism and structure of Reference framework 5,and developing the application software of the system based on the study.
随着视频监控系统的快速普及,市场划分也越来越细,传统的视频监控系统覆盖所有应用,性价比不高。本文针对场景变化不是很频繁的监控场合(家庭监控、重要仪器设备监控、野生动物调查监控等领域),设计、开发了一款嵌入式多路视频监控记录系统。该视频监控系统能够实时监测三个不同场景,采用H.264在DM642上完成3路视频的实时软压缩,由于是软压缩,可以针对不同应用调节视频图像质量和码流,方便系统的升级;采用CF卡代替大容量的硬盘存储,减小了系统的体积、增强稳定性的同时降低了系统的成本;抛弃传统视频监控系统即压即存的方式,改用运动检测算法来监测场景变化,记录变化前后一段时间的视频,减小对存储容量要求的同时方便对感兴趣视频的检索。本文致力于整个系统的实现,主要研究内容如下:
1.介绍运动检测算法的基本原理,分析一些常用运动检测算法,以此为基础提出适合本系统的运动检测算法。
2.简要介绍视频压缩标准发展历程,介绍各种压缩标准的优缺点。重点讲解H.264标准的主要特征及其编解码器的基本原理。
3.以DM642为核心,由最小系统的设计到外围接口的扩展,详细讲述系统的硬件平台原理图设计、PCB设计及系统硬件平台的调试。
4.深入研究DSP/BIOS操作系统内核的工作原理和线程调度机制及ReferenceFramework5框架的结构,以此为基础开发整个系统应用软件。
Recently,with the constant improvement of social material living standards,the demand for security and on-site alarm system grows rapidly and the requirements are getting higher,it improves the popularity and rapid development of video monitoring system.Nowadays,video monitoring system on the market often uses image acquisition card to acquire image,and it relies on computer system's high-speed computational capability and bulk memory to perform real-time compression and storage of video image.Such system can save video immediately after compression, but it also has the disadvantages,such as bulky in volume,expensive in cost,unstable in work and troublesome in interested content retrieval.
With the rapid spread of the video monitoring system,the functions of monitoring system are more detailed.Although traditional video monitoring system covers all applications,the cost performance is not so good.This paper is dedicated to the design and development of a multi-channel embedded video monitoring system aiming for backgrounds with rare change in scenes,such as home,important equipment and wildlife survey monitoring.This system can perform real-time monitoring on three different scenes at the same time by using H.264 software to compress three channel video at real-time on DM642 chip.It can adjust the video image quality and stream for different applications and facilitate system upgrade since soft compression is applied.Using CF card instead of large capacity hard disk storage reduces the bulk of the system,enhances the system stability and decreases the system cost.The tradition way of saving video immediately after compression is abandoned, instead,motion detection algorithm is adopted to monitor the change in scenes,that is, just recording the video image before and after scene change over a period of time if the scene is changed,which can reduce requirements for storage capacity and also facilitate the retrieval of interested video.This paper is committed to the realization of the whole system,the main research contents are as follows:
1.Introducing the basic principles of motion detection algorithm,analyzing some common motion detection algorithm,and putting forward a new motion detection algorithm for this system on this basis.
2.Briefly introducing the development of video compression standards and their advantages and disadvantages,then focusing on the main characteristics of H.264 standard and the basic principles of its codec.
3.Elaborating the design of schematic diagram of hardware platform of the system,PCB deign and hardware debug from the smallest system design to the expansion of periphery interface with DM642 as the central processor.
4.In-depth study of the working principles of DSP/BIOS operating system kernel,thread scheduling mechanism and structure of Reference framework 5,and developing the application software of the system based on the study.
引文
[1]高鹏.基于嵌入式的监测监控系统硬件开发与实现.硕士学位论文,北京:北京邮电大学,2007.
[2]廖建明.基于H.264的嵌入式家庭远程视频监控系统的设计与实现.硕士学位论文,成都:电子科技大学,2007.4.
[3]孔晓东.智能视频监控技术研究[D].博士学位论文,浙江:浙江大学,2008.
[4]Friedman N,Russell S.Image segmentation in video sequences:A probalilistic approach[C].In:Proc the 13~(th) Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence,Rhode Island,USA,1997.
[5]Stringa E.Morphologiacal.Change detection algorithms for surveillance applications[C].In:Proc British Machine Vision Conference,Bristol,UK,2000,402-411.
[6]Richard P Wildes.A measure of motion salience for surveillance applications[C],In:Proc of Image Processing,1998,102-121.
[7]Cutler R,Davas L.View-based detection.Proceedings of International Conference Pattern Recognition,1998.
[8]余胜生,肖得贵等.自适应背景抽取法[J].小型微型计算机系统,2003.
[9]董士崇,王天珍,许刚.视频图像中的运动检测[J].武汉理工大学学报,2004,26(4):1-4.
[10]ITU-T Rec.H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 White Paper,Final committee Draft.Document JVT-E022,2003.
[11]ISO/IEC,IS 11172,Information technology-coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5 mbit/s,1993(MPEG-1).
[12]ISO/IEC JTC1,ISO/IEC13818-2(MPEG-2),Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information-Part2:Video,Nov 1994.
[13]ISO/IEC JTC1,ISO/IEC 14496-2(MPEG-4 visual version 1),Coding of audio-visual objects-Part2:Visual,April 1999;Amendment(version 2),February,2000;Amendment4(streaming profile),January,2001.
[14]ITU-T.H.261 Video codec for audiovisual services at px64kbit/s,Geneva,1990,revised at Helsinki,March 1993.
[15]ITU-T.H.263 Video coding for low bitrate communication,March 1996.
[16]Joint Video Team of ITU-T and ISO/IEC JTC1,ITU-T Rec.H.264,ISO/IEC 14496-10 AVC,Draft ITU-T Recommendation and Final Draft International Standard of Joint Video Specification Joint Video Team(JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG,JVT-G050,March 2003.
[17]刘封.视频图像编码技术及国际标准[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2005,第7章.
[18]闫冬.H.264/AVC编码器的优化设计及实现[D].硕士学位论文,成都:电子科技大学,2004.
[19]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor.2005.8.1-178.
[20]Texas Instruments.3-V TO 6-V INPUT,3-A OUTPUT SYNCHRONOUS-BUCK PWM SWITCHER WITH INTEGRATED FETs.April.2005.http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tps54310.pdf.
[21]Texas Instruments.TPS767D3XX.pdf.http://www.ti.com.
[22]Texas Instruments.Processer Supervisory Circuits(Rev.E).pdf.Revised December 2002.http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/TPS3823-33.pdf..
[23]Texas Instruments,TMS320C6000 EMIF-to-External SDRAM Interface,March 2004
[24]Hynix semiconductor Inc.HY57V283220(L)T(P)/Y5V22(L)F(P).pdf.Rev.July 2004.http://www.21icsearch.com/searehpfdf/Hynix/HY57V283220/pdf.
[25]AMD Inc.AM29LV033C.pdf.Publication #22268 REV:B.November,2000.http://www.21icsearch.com/searchpdf/amd/AM29LV033C.pdf.
[26]Texas Instruments.TVP5150A Frequently Asked Qusestions-FAQs.pdf.http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/slea021 /slea021.pdf.
[27]SEED-VPM642用户指南2005.4 http://www.seeddsp.com.
[28]Philips Semiconductors.Digital Video Encoder SAA7120H_21H_2.pdf.Oct 2002.http://21icserach.com/searchpdf/Philips/SAA7120H_21H2.pdf.
[29]Technical Committee T13,Information Technology-AT Attachment with Packet Interface-6[S],2002.
[30]余水.基于ARM+DSP的汽车视频黑匣子系统的设计和实现[D].硕士学位论文,成都:电子科技大学,2007.4.
[31]杨小川.Protel DXP设计指导教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[32]赵加祥.DSP系统设计和BIOS编程及应用实例:基于TMS320C67x系列DSP芯片[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008.
[33]TMS320C6000 DSP/BIOS User's Guide.http://www.ti.com,April 2003.
[34]彭启宗、管庆.DSP集成开发环境——CCS及DSP|BIOS的原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[35]Texas Instruments.Reference Frmaeworks for eXpressDSP Software:RF5,An Extensive,High-Density System,2003.
[36]Reference frameworks for eXpressDSP Software:A White Paper[EB/OL).http://www.ti.com.2003.
[37]Reference frameworks for eXpressDSP Software:API Reference[EB/OL].http://www.ti.com,2003.
[38]司群、臧英新等.TMS320算法标准(XDAIS)及参考框架RF5综述[J].舰船电子工程,2006第2期.
[39]李伟.嵌入式硬盘录像机存储软件设计[D].硕士学位论文,浙江:浙江大学,2007.
[40]Microsoft Extensible Firmware Initiative FAT32 File System System Specification Version 1.03.2000.12.
[41]周斌、景霓.基于Blackfin处理器实现对硬盘FAT32文件系统的操作[J].电子技术应用开发,2005年第12期.
[42]郭灿新,张绍峰等.CF卡文件系统在DSP数据采集开发应用[J].电子技术应用,2006年第1期.
[43]SEED-VPM642文件系统库函数V2.0使用说明书.http://www.seeddsp.com.
[2]廖建明.基于H.264的嵌入式家庭远程视频监控系统的设计与实现.硕士学位论文,成都:电子科技大学,2007.4.
[3]孔晓东.智能视频监控技术研究[D].博士学位论文,浙江:浙江大学,2008.
[4]Friedman N,Russell S.Image segmentation in video sequences:A probalilistic approach[C].In:Proc the 13~(th) Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence,Rhode Island,USA,1997.
[5]Stringa E.Morphologiacal.Change detection algorithms for surveillance applications[C].In:Proc British Machine Vision Conference,Bristol,UK,2000,402-411.
[6]Richard P Wildes.A measure of motion salience for surveillance applications[C],In:Proc of Image Processing,1998,102-121.
[7]Cutler R,Davas L.View-based detection.Proceedings of International Conference Pattern Recognition,1998.
[8]余胜生,肖得贵等.自适应背景抽取法[J].小型微型计算机系统,2003.
[9]董士崇,王天珍,许刚.视频图像中的运动检测[J].武汉理工大学学报,2004,26(4):1-4.
[10]ITU-T Rec.H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 White Paper,Final committee Draft.Document JVT-E022,2003.
[11]ISO/IEC,IS 11172,Information technology-coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5 mbit/s,1993(MPEG-1).
[12]ISO/IEC JTC1,ISO/IEC13818-2(MPEG-2),Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information-Part2:Video,Nov 1994.
[13]ISO/IEC JTC1,ISO/IEC 14496-2(MPEG-4 visual version 1),Coding of audio-visual objects-Part2:Visual,April 1999;Amendment(version 2),February,2000;Amendment4(streaming profile),January,2001.
[14]ITU-T.H.261 Video codec for audiovisual services at px64kbit/s,Geneva,1990,revised at Helsinki,March 1993.
[15]ITU-T.H.263 Video coding for low bitrate communication,March 1996.
[16]Joint Video Team of ITU-T and ISO/IEC JTC1,ITU-T Rec.H.264,ISO/IEC 14496-10 AVC,Draft ITU-T Recommendation and Final Draft International Standard of Joint Video Specification Joint Video Team(JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG,JVT-G050,March 2003.
[17]刘封.视频图像编码技术及国际标准[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2005,第7章.
[18]闫冬.H.264/AVC编码器的优化设计及实现[D].硕士学位论文,成都:电子科技大学,2004.
[19]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor.2005.8.1-178.
[20]Texas Instruments.3-V TO 6-V INPUT,3-A OUTPUT SYNCHRONOUS-BUCK PWM SWITCHER WITH INTEGRATED FETs.April.2005.http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tps54310.pdf.
[21]Texas Instruments.TPS767D3XX.pdf.http://www.ti.com.
[22]Texas Instruments.Processer Supervisory Circuits(Rev.E).pdf.Revised December 2002.http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/TPS3823-33.pdf..
[23]Texas Instruments,TMS320C6000 EMIF-to-External SDRAM Interface,March 2004
[24]Hynix semiconductor Inc.HY57V283220(L)T(P)/Y5V22(L)F(P).pdf.Rev.July 2004.http://www.21icsearch.com/searehpfdf/Hynix/HY57V283220/pdf.
[25]AMD Inc.AM29LV033C.pdf.Publication #22268 REV:B.November,2000.http://www.21icsearch.com/searchpdf/amd/AM29LV033C.pdf.
[26]Texas Instruments.TVP5150A Frequently Asked Qusestions-FAQs.pdf.http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/slea021 /slea021.pdf.
[27]SEED-VPM642用户指南2005.4 http://www.seeddsp.com.
[28]Philips Semiconductors.Digital Video Encoder SAA7120H_21H_2.pdf.Oct 2002.http://21icserach.com/searchpdf/Philips/SAA7120H_21H2.pdf.
[29]Technical Committee T13,Information Technology-AT Attachment with Packet Interface-6[S],2002.
[30]余水.基于ARM+DSP的汽车视频黑匣子系统的设计和实现[D].硕士学位论文,成都:电子科技大学,2007.4.
[31]杨小川.Protel DXP设计指导教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[32]赵加祥.DSP系统设计和BIOS编程及应用实例:基于TMS320C67x系列DSP芯片[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008.
[33]TMS320C6000 DSP/BIOS User's Guide.http://www.ti.com,April 2003.
[34]彭启宗、管庆.DSP集成开发环境——CCS及DSP|BIOS的原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[35]Texas Instruments.Reference Frmaeworks for eXpressDSP Software:RF5,An Extensive,High-Density System,2003.
[36]Reference frameworks for eXpressDSP Software:A White Paper[EB/OL).http://www.ti.com.2003.
[37]Reference frameworks for eXpressDSP Software:API Reference[EB/OL].http://www.ti.com,2003.
[38]司群、臧英新等.TMS320算法标准(XDAIS)及参考框架RF5综述[J].舰船电子工程,2006第2期.
[39]李伟.嵌入式硬盘录像机存储软件设计[D].硕士学位论文,浙江:浙江大学,2007.
[40]Microsoft Extensible Firmware Initiative FAT32 File System System Specification Version 1.03.2000.12.
[41]周斌、景霓.基于Blackfin处理器实现对硬盘FAT32文件系统的操作[J].电子技术应用开发,2005年第12期.
[42]郭灿新,张绍峰等.CF卡文件系统在DSP数据采集开发应用[J].电子技术应用,2006年第1期.
[43]SEED-VPM642文件系统库函数V2.0使用说明书.http://www.seeddsp.com.
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