污泥脱水机房恶臭扩散分布规律及控制研究
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摘要
恶臭作为作为世界七大典型公害之一,备受人们关注。城镇污水处理厂是一个重要的恶臭污染源,其中污泥脱水机房是恶臭污染最严重的处理单元之一。脱水机房恶臭污染危害工作人员身体健康,而且关系到污水处理厂恶臭控制能否达标。本文在此背景下研究脱水机房恶臭扩散分布规律,为脱水机房设计及恶臭控制提供理论依据和指导。
本文首先简要介绍和总结了恶臭分类、来源、危害、评价和相关法规标准,并研究了污水处理厂恶臭特点,特别地对污泥脱水机房恶臭规律进行了分析。在对恶臭深入理解的基础上研究污泥脱水机房恶臭扩散分布规律并提出恶臭控制措施。本文通过研究恶臭物质硫化氢的扩散分布规律来研究恶臭扩散分布规律。本课题采用计算流体动力学(CFD)理论对脱水机房恶臭进行数值模拟,模拟软件为FLUENT。气流组织是影响恶臭扩散分布的一个重要因素。本文研究了现有通风设计下夏季最热月最多风向条件、冬季最冷月最多风向条件、夏季最热月年最多风向条件三种气象情景下的恶臭扩散分布情况,另外还模拟了不同于现有通风设计下的夏季最热月最多风向条件下恶臭扩散分布情况。通过顺序模拟上述四种情景并分析可知,在不同的气象条件下,恶臭污染影响不同,其中以情景三污染最严重。四种情景中以情景四气流组织较好,机房内恶臭污染较轻。在设计脱水机房时,可预先模拟机房内恶臭分布情况,采取优化布置,减少工作人员与恶臭的接触量。脱水机应布置在夏季最多风向的下风向并尽量靠近排风口,使恶臭气体在最短的路径上以最快的时间排除出去。通过数值模拟得到脱水机房内速度场和浓度场,为采取植物汁液法选择喷洒位置提供了参考依据和方法:喷洒位置可定在脱水机周围、气流来流处、低速区及涡流区处。对于生物滤池法中集气系统风口及风量设计均可采用数值模拟研究得出最佳气流组织,以收到最好的集气效果。对恶臭控制方法进行研究表明,无臭处理工艺是恶臭控制技术的发展趋势,而对本课题脱水机房恶臭治理,从长期运行上来说,生物滤池法是首选方法。
Being one of the world seven typical public hazards, Odor has gained widespread attention. Urban wastewater treatment plant is an important odor pollution source, of which the sludge dewatering room is one of the most serious odor pollution treatment sectors. Odor in the room can cause bad effect on workers’health, and affect odor control to meet the state standard for wastewater treatment plant. Based on this background, this paper studied on odor dispersion and distribution characteristics in sludge dewatering room, which will provide theory support and guideline to dewatering room design and its odor control.
At the beginning, odor classification, resource, hazard, evaluation and related legislation and standard were introduced and summarized. Then, the odor characteristics of wastewater treatment plant were researched, especially the odor in sludge dewatering room was analyzed in detail. After comprehensive understanding for odor, the paper took a study on the odor dispersion and distribution characteristics in sludge dewatering room and odor control measures were presented. In this paper, H2S was viewed as representative of odor and was applied to study odor dispersion and distribution characteristics. In order to study the characteristics, numerical simulation based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied and here simulation software FLUENT was used. Air distribution is a significant factor for odor dispersion and distribution. This paper analyzed odor dispersion and distribution under the present ventilation design in three meteorological scenes in sequence, as follows: the hottest month in summer under the most common wind direction, the coldest month in winter under the most common wind direction, the hottest month in summer under the annual most common wind direction. Still the fourth scene with different ventilation design but with same meteorological condition in scene one was simulated. Through analyzing the simulation results, it suggested that odor pollution effects vary from one scene to another, and pollution in scene three was the most serious, while the best was scene four with nice air distribution and relatively lower H2S concentration. When design dewatering room, the designer can simulate the odor distribution in precede to help improve design, so that workers’exposure to odor can be reduced. The results also showed that sludge dewatering machines should be placed the downwind of the most common wind direction in summer and should be near the exhausted outlet to drive out odor with the shortest path quickly. With numerical simulation air velocity field and odor concentration field were obtained, which can guide odor control method, natural vegetable extracted juice, that spray positions can be places around dewatering machine, airflow upstream, low velocity area and eddy current area. And numerical simulation can be useful for air collecting system design. Through simulation the optimal air distribution can be acquired, then when applied in engineering odorants would be gathered as most as possible. The study on odor control measures revealed that odor-free treatment technology is the development trend for odor control techniques. As for the dewatering room odor control in this paper, biological filter is the top priority in the long run.
本文首先简要介绍和总结了恶臭分类、来源、危害、评价和相关法规标准,并研究了污水处理厂恶臭特点,特别地对污泥脱水机房恶臭规律进行了分析。在对恶臭深入理解的基础上研究污泥脱水机房恶臭扩散分布规律并提出恶臭控制措施。本文通过研究恶臭物质硫化氢的扩散分布规律来研究恶臭扩散分布规律。本课题采用计算流体动力学(CFD)理论对脱水机房恶臭进行数值模拟,模拟软件为FLUENT。气流组织是影响恶臭扩散分布的一个重要因素。本文研究了现有通风设计下夏季最热月最多风向条件、冬季最冷月最多风向条件、夏季最热月年最多风向条件三种气象情景下的恶臭扩散分布情况,另外还模拟了不同于现有通风设计下的夏季最热月最多风向条件下恶臭扩散分布情况。通过顺序模拟上述四种情景并分析可知,在不同的气象条件下,恶臭污染影响不同,其中以情景三污染最严重。四种情景中以情景四气流组织较好,机房内恶臭污染较轻。在设计脱水机房时,可预先模拟机房内恶臭分布情况,采取优化布置,减少工作人员与恶臭的接触量。脱水机应布置在夏季最多风向的下风向并尽量靠近排风口,使恶臭气体在最短的路径上以最快的时间排除出去。通过数值模拟得到脱水机房内速度场和浓度场,为采取植物汁液法选择喷洒位置提供了参考依据和方法:喷洒位置可定在脱水机周围、气流来流处、低速区及涡流区处。对于生物滤池法中集气系统风口及风量设计均可采用数值模拟研究得出最佳气流组织,以收到最好的集气效果。对恶臭控制方法进行研究表明,无臭处理工艺是恶臭控制技术的发展趋势,而对本课题脱水机房恶臭治理,从长期运行上来说,生物滤池法是首选方法。
Being one of the world seven typical public hazards, Odor has gained widespread attention. Urban wastewater treatment plant is an important odor pollution source, of which the sludge dewatering room is one of the most serious odor pollution treatment sectors. Odor in the room can cause bad effect on workers’health, and affect odor control to meet the state standard for wastewater treatment plant. Based on this background, this paper studied on odor dispersion and distribution characteristics in sludge dewatering room, which will provide theory support and guideline to dewatering room design and its odor control.
At the beginning, odor classification, resource, hazard, evaluation and related legislation and standard were introduced and summarized. Then, the odor characteristics of wastewater treatment plant were researched, especially the odor in sludge dewatering room was analyzed in detail. After comprehensive understanding for odor, the paper took a study on the odor dispersion and distribution characteristics in sludge dewatering room and odor control measures were presented. In this paper, H2S was viewed as representative of odor and was applied to study odor dispersion and distribution characteristics. In order to study the characteristics, numerical simulation based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied and here simulation software FLUENT was used. Air distribution is a significant factor for odor dispersion and distribution. This paper analyzed odor dispersion and distribution under the present ventilation design in three meteorological scenes in sequence, as follows: the hottest month in summer under the most common wind direction, the coldest month in winter under the most common wind direction, the hottest month in summer under the annual most common wind direction. Still the fourth scene with different ventilation design but with same meteorological condition in scene one was simulated. Through analyzing the simulation results, it suggested that odor pollution effects vary from one scene to another, and pollution in scene three was the most serious, while the best was scene four with nice air distribution and relatively lower H2S concentration. When design dewatering room, the designer can simulate the odor distribution in precede to help improve design, so that workers’exposure to odor can be reduced. The results also showed that sludge dewatering machines should be placed the downwind of the most common wind direction in summer and should be near the exhausted outlet to drive out odor with the shortest path quickly. With numerical simulation air velocity field and odor concentration field were obtained, which can guide odor control method, natural vegetable extracted juice, that spray positions can be places around dewatering machine, airflow upstream, low velocity area and eddy current area. And numerical simulation can be useful for air collecting system design. Through simulation the optimal air distribution can be acquired, then when applied in engineering odorants would be gathered as most as possible. The study on odor control measures revealed that odor-free treatment technology is the development trend for odor control techniques. As for the dewatering room odor control in this paper, biological filter is the top priority in the long run.
引文
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