贵金属离子铂（Ⅳ）和钯（Ⅱ）的支撑液膜的迁移规律研究
|
摘要
贵金属因具有独特的物理和化学性质而逐渐受到人们的青睐,被广泛应用于各个领域。但是由于贵金属的物理、化学性质极为相似,并且价态多变,不同价态之间差别很大,因此贵金属分离一直是一个难题。液膜分离技术集萃取与反萃取于一体,具有较高的传质速率和通量,高的选择性,良好的分离效率和浓缩倍数,以及操作简单等特点,是近年来研究较为广泛的新型分离技术。为了提高贵金属分离的选择性和实用性,许多研究者将液膜技术应用于贵金属的分离研究,取得了良好的进展。然而研究报道较多的是乳化液膜,利用支撑液膜(SLM)进行贵金属的分离研究报道较少。因此本文选择贵金属铂和钯为分离对象,在溶剂萃取实验基础上,较为系统的研究了Pt(Ⅳ)和Pd(Ⅱ)的支撑液膜迁移规律,取得了以下实验结果:
1、Pt(Ⅳ)和Pd(Ⅱ)的萃取平衡
使用不同萃取剂,分别对Pt(Ⅳ)和Pd(Ⅱ)的萃取和反萃取条件进行了探讨,获得了最佳实验条件。
(1)Pt(Ⅳ)的萃取平衡实验在Pt(Ⅳ)初始浓度为5.0μg/mL的水相中,当氯化亚锡浓度为0.05mol/L,盐酸浓度为0.50mol/L,有机相选择煤油作为稀释剂,萃取剂2-乙基己基膦酸-单-2-乙基己基酯(P_(507))浓度为5.0%(w/V),水相和有机相体积比为1:1时,振荡30min,Pt(Ⅳ)的萃取率可达100%。选择等体积的4mol/L盐酸作为反萃剂,反萃率达99%以上。
(2)Pd(Ⅱ)的萃取平衡实验在Pd(Ⅱ)初始浓度为6.754μg/mL的水相中,当盐酸浓度为0.10mol/L,有机相选择煤油作为稀释剂,萃取剂N,N-二甲庚基乙酰胺(N_(503))浓度为10.0%(w/V),水相和有机相体积比为1:1时,振荡30min,Pd(Ⅱ)的萃取率可达99.2%。选择等体积的0.2mol/L硫氰酸钾溶液作为反萃剂,反萃率达95%以上。
2、支撑液膜分离实验
以疏水性多孔聚偏氟乙烯膜为支撑体,P_(507)和N_(503)为流动载体,煤油为膜溶剂,分别研究了Pt(Ⅳ)和Pd(Ⅱ)在支撑液膜中的迁移规律。
(1)Pt(Ⅳ)的迁移实验选择Pt(Ⅳ)初始浓度为1.0μg/mL,分别考察了料液相盐酸浓度、氯化亚锡浓度、载体浓度、反萃相盐酸浓度等因素对Pt(Ⅳ)迁移的影响,确定了Pt(Ⅳ)的最佳迁移条件:当料液相中Pt(Ⅳ)浓度为1.0μg/mL时,盐酸浓度为1.0mol/L,氯化亚锡的浓度为0.05mol/L,膜相中P_(507)浓度为5.0%(w/V),反萃相盐酸浓度为6.0mol/L,迁移3h,Pt(Ⅳ)的迁移率可达100%。
(2)Pd(Ⅱ)的迁移实验选择Pt(Ⅳ)初始浓度为3.0μg/mL,分别考察了料液相盐酸浓度、载体浓度和反萃相硫氰酸钾浓度对Pd(Ⅱ)迁移的影响,确定了Pd(Ⅱ)的最佳迁移条件:当料液相中Pd(Ⅱ)浓度为3.0μg/mL时,盐酸浓度为0.2mol/L,膜相中N_(503)浓度为10.0%(w/V),反萃相中硫氰酸钾浓度为0.2mol/L,迁移4h,Pd(Ⅱ)的迁移率可达93%。
3、模拟实验
在Pt(Ⅳ)支撑液膜迁移研究的基础上,使用P_(507)/煤油支撑液膜体系,研究了Pt(Ⅳ)与部分过渡金属离子的分离情况。
(1)两种金属离子的分离实验在Pt(Ⅳ)的最佳迁移条件下,1.0μg/mL的Pt(Ⅳ)能有效的分别从50μg/mL的Ni(Ⅱ)、100μg/mL的Co(Ⅱ)、100μg/mL的Cu(Ⅱ)、150μg/mL的Zn(Ⅱ)中分离出来,迁移3h,Pt(Ⅳ)的迁移率分别为89%、86%、81%、87%,基本实现了Pt(Ⅳ)与Ni(Ⅱ)、Pt(Ⅳ)与Co(Ⅱ)、Pt(Ⅳ)与Cu(Ⅱ)、Pt(Ⅳ)与Zn(Ⅱ)的相互分离。
(2)模拟电镀废液的分离实验模拟配制了某车间镀铂废水,其组成为Pt(Ⅳ)(0.8μg/mL),Cu(Ⅱ)(75μg/mL),Zn(Ⅱ)(75μg/mL),Co(Ⅱ)(75μg/mL),Ni(Ⅱ)(75μg/mL),SO_4~(2-)(75μg/mL)。在Pt(Ⅳ)的最佳迁移条件下,迁移3h,迁移率达87.8%,其他离子均未发生迁移,说明本文建立的Pt(Ⅳ)的SLM分离方法具有一定的应用参考价值。
Noble metals have unique physical and chemical properties,so they have a wide range of industrial applications.But because their physical and chemical properties are very similar,also their valences are changeful and the same noble metal ion with different valences have different properties,so it's a challenging task to separate the noble metals.The liquid membrane separation technology has the advantages of combination of extraction and back extraction,higher mass transportation speed and throughput,higher selectivity,better separation efficiency and concentration ratio,easy to operate.It's a new separation technology studied extensively in recent years.In order to improve the selectivity and practicability of separation of noble metals,the application of liquid membrane technology to separate noble metals has been studied and good progress has been made by a lot of researchers.however,the separation of noble metals through emulsion liquid membrane has been reported more than that of supported liquid membrane.Therefore,on the basis of solvent extraction,the transfer behaviors of Pt(Ⅳ) and Pd(Ⅱ)through supported liquid membrane have been studied systemically in the paper.The results are as follows:
1.The extraction equilibrium of Pt(Ⅳ)and Pd(Ⅱ)
The experiments have been carried out with various extractants.The conditions of extraction and back extraction have been discussed,and the optimum extraction conditions are obtained.
(1)The extraction equilibrium experiment of Pt(Ⅳ)When the initial concentration of Pt(Ⅳ)in the aqueous phase is 5.0μg/mL,SnCl_2 concentration is 0.05mol/L,HCl concentration is 0.50mol/L,kerosene as diluent in the organic phase,2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester(P_(507))concentration is 5.0%(w/V),the volume ratio of aquous phase and organic phase is 1:1,oscillation 30 minutes,the extraction rate of Pt(Ⅳ)is nearly 100%,the stripping agent is the same volume of 4mol/L HCl,the strip percentage is above 99%.
(2)The extraction equilibrium experiment of Pd(Ⅱ)When the initial concentration of Pd(Ⅱ)in the aqueous phase is 6.754μg/mL,HCl concentration is 0.50mol/L,kerosene as diluent in the organic phase,N,N-di(methyl-heptyl)acetaminde(N_(503))concentration is 10.0%(w/V),the volume ratio of aquous phase and organic phase is 1:1,oscillation 30 minutes,the extraction rate of Pd(Ⅱ)is 99.2%,the stripping agent is the same volume of 0.2mol/L KSCN,the strip percentage is above 95%.
2.The transport of Pt(Ⅳ)and Pd(Ⅱ)through supported liquid membrane
The transfer behaviors of Pt(Ⅳ)and Pd(Ⅱ)through a supported liquid membrane consisting of P_(507)or N_(503)solution in kerosene,adsorbed on a hydrophobic Polyvinylidene Fluoride microporous film have been studied respectively.
(1)The transport experiment of Pt(Ⅳ)
The concentration ofPt(Ⅳ)1.0μg/mL has been chosen as initial concentration,the effects of HCl and SnCl_2 concentration in the feed phase,P_(507)concentration in the membrane phase,HCl concentration in the strip phase on the transport of Pt(Ⅳ)have been discussed,and the best transport conditions of Pt(Ⅳ)are obtained:When initial concentration of Pt(Ⅳ)is 1.0μg/mL,SnCl_2 concentration is 0.05mol/L and HCl concentration is 1.0mol/L in the feed phase,P_(507)concentration in the membrane phase is 5.0%(w/V),HCl concentration in the strip phase is 6.0mol/L,the transport rate is nearly 100%in three hours.
(2)The transport experiment of Pd(Ⅱ)
The concentration of Pd(Ⅱ)3.0μg/mL has been chosen as initial concentration,the effects of HCl concentration in the feed phase,N_(503)concentration in the membrane phase,KSCN concentration in the strip phase on the transport of Pd(Ⅱ)have been discussed,and the best transport conditions of Pd(Ⅱ)are obtained:When initial concentration of Pd(Ⅱ)is 3.0μg/mL and HCl concentration is 0.2mol/L in the feed phase,N_(503)concentration in the membrane phase is 10.0%(w/V),KSCN concentration in the strip phase is 0.2mol/L,the transport rate is above 93%in four hours.
3.Simulation experiments
On the basis of Pt(Ⅳ)transport through the supported liquid membrane using P_(507)as a mobile carrier,the separation of Pt(Ⅳ)and several transition metal ions have been studied.
(1)Separation experiments of two metal ions
Under the best conditions of transport Pt(Ⅳ),1.0μg/mL Pt(Ⅳ)can separate from 50μg/mLNi(Ⅱ),100μg/mLCo(Ⅱ),100μg/mL Cu(Ⅱ)and 150μg/mLZn(Ⅱ)respectively.The transport rates of Pt(Ⅳ)are 89%,86%,81%and 87%,respectively in three hours.The mutual separation of Pt(Ⅳ)and Ni(Ⅱ),Pt(Ⅳ)and Co(Ⅱ),Pt(Ⅳ)and Cu(Ⅱ),Pt(Ⅳ)and Zn(Ⅱ),has been basically achieved.
(2)The separation experiment of simulated platinum plating solution
Simulated platinum plating solution consisting of 0.8μg/mLPt(Ⅳ),75μg/mLCu(Ⅱ), 75μg/mLZn(Ⅱ),75μg/mL Co(Ⅱ),75μg/mLNi(Ⅱ),75μg/mLSO_4~(2-)is treated through the supported liquid membrane system which has been established above,the transport rate of Pt(Ⅳ) is 87.8%in three hours,other metal ions do not transport.The results showed that the separation method of Pt(Ⅳ)through SLM established in this paper has certain value of reference and application.
1、Pt(Ⅳ)和Pd(Ⅱ)的萃取平衡
使用不同萃取剂,分别对Pt(Ⅳ)和Pd(Ⅱ)的萃取和反萃取条件进行了探讨,获得了最佳实验条件。
(1)Pt(Ⅳ)的萃取平衡实验在Pt(Ⅳ)初始浓度为5.0μg/mL的水相中,当氯化亚锡浓度为0.05mol/L,盐酸浓度为0.50mol/L,有机相选择煤油作为稀释剂,萃取剂2-乙基己基膦酸-单-2-乙基己基酯(P_(507))浓度为5.0%(w/V),水相和有机相体积比为1:1时,振荡30min,Pt(Ⅳ)的萃取率可达100%。选择等体积的4mol/L盐酸作为反萃剂,反萃率达99%以上。
(2)Pd(Ⅱ)的萃取平衡实验在Pd(Ⅱ)初始浓度为6.754μg/mL的水相中,当盐酸浓度为0.10mol/L,有机相选择煤油作为稀释剂,萃取剂N,N-二甲庚基乙酰胺(N_(503))浓度为10.0%(w/V),水相和有机相体积比为1:1时,振荡30min,Pd(Ⅱ)的萃取率可达99.2%。选择等体积的0.2mol/L硫氰酸钾溶液作为反萃剂,反萃率达95%以上。
2、支撑液膜分离实验
以疏水性多孔聚偏氟乙烯膜为支撑体,P_(507)和N_(503)为流动载体,煤油为膜溶剂,分别研究了Pt(Ⅳ)和Pd(Ⅱ)在支撑液膜中的迁移规律。
(1)Pt(Ⅳ)的迁移实验选择Pt(Ⅳ)初始浓度为1.0μg/mL,分别考察了料液相盐酸浓度、氯化亚锡浓度、载体浓度、反萃相盐酸浓度等因素对Pt(Ⅳ)迁移的影响,确定了Pt(Ⅳ)的最佳迁移条件:当料液相中Pt(Ⅳ)浓度为1.0μg/mL时,盐酸浓度为1.0mol/L,氯化亚锡的浓度为0.05mol/L,膜相中P_(507)浓度为5.0%(w/V),反萃相盐酸浓度为6.0mol/L,迁移3h,Pt(Ⅳ)的迁移率可达100%。
(2)Pd(Ⅱ)的迁移实验选择Pt(Ⅳ)初始浓度为3.0μg/mL,分别考察了料液相盐酸浓度、载体浓度和反萃相硫氰酸钾浓度对Pd(Ⅱ)迁移的影响,确定了Pd(Ⅱ)的最佳迁移条件:当料液相中Pd(Ⅱ)浓度为3.0μg/mL时,盐酸浓度为0.2mol/L,膜相中N_(503)浓度为10.0%(w/V),反萃相中硫氰酸钾浓度为0.2mol/L,迁移4h,Pd(Ⅱ)的迁移率可达93%。
3、模拟实验
在Pt(Ⅳ)支撑液膜迁移研究的基础上,使用P_(507)/煤油支撑液膜体系,研究了Pt(Ⅳ)与部分过渡金属离子的分离情况。
(1)两种金属离子的分离实验在Pt(Ⅳ)的最佳迁移条件下,1.0μg/mL的Pt(Ⅳ)能有效的分别从50μg/mL的Ni(Ⅱ)、100μg/mL的Co(Ⅱ)、100μg/mL的Cu(Ⅱ)、150μg/mL的Zn(Ⅱ)中分离出来,迁移3h,Pt(Ⅳ)的迁移率分别为89%、86%、81%、87%,基本实现了Pt(Ⅳ)与Ni(Ⅱ)、Pt(Ⅳ)与Co(Ⅱ)、Pt(Ⅳ)与Cu(Ⅱ)、Pt(Ⅳ)与Zn(Ⅱ)的相互分离。
(2)模拟电镀废液的分离实验模拟配制了某车间镀铂废水,其组成为Pt(Ⅳ)(0.8μg/mL),Cu(Ⅱ)(75μg/mL),Zn(Ⅱ)(75μg/mL),Co(Ⅱ)(75μg/mL),Ni(Ⅱ)(75μg/mL),SO_4~(2-)(75μg/mL)。在Pt(Ⅳ)的最佳迁移条件下,迁移3h,迁移率达87.8%,其他离子均未发生迁移,说明本文建立的Pt(Ⅳ)的SLM分离方法具有一定的应用参考价值。
Noble metals have unique physical and chemical properties,so they have a wide range of industrial applications.But because their physical and chemical properties are very similar,also their valences are changeful and the same noble metal ion with different valences have different properties,so it's a challenging task to separate the noble metals.The liquid membrane separation technology has the advantages of combination of extraction and back extraction,higher mass transportation speed and throughput,higher selectivity,better separation efficiency and concentration ratio,easy to operate.It's a new separation technology studied extensively in recent years.In order to improve the selectivity and practicability of separation of noble metals,the application of liquid membrane technology to separate noble metals has been studied and good progress has been made by a lot of researchers.however,the separation of noble metals through emulsion liquid membrane has been reported more than that of supported liquid membrane.Therefore,on the basis of solvent extraction,the transfer behaviors of Pt(Ⅳ) and Pd(Ⅱ)through supported liquid membrane have been studied systemically in the paper.The results are as follows:
1.The extraction equilibrium of Pt(Ⅳ)and Pd(Ⅱ)
The experiments have been carried out with various extractants.The conditions of extraction and back extraction have been discussed,and the optimum extraction conditions are obtained.
(1)The extraction equilibrium experiment of Pt(Ⅳ)When the initial concentration of Pt(Ⅳ)in the aqueous phase is 5.0μg/mL,SnCl_2 concentration is 0.05mol/L,HCl concentration is 0.50mol/L,kerosene as diluent in the organic phase,2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester(P_(507))concentration is 5.0%(w/V),the volume ratio of aquous phase and organic phase is 1:1,oscillation 30 minutes,the extraction rate of Pt(Ⅳ)is nearly 100%,the stripping agent is the same volume of 4mol/L HCl,the strip percentage is above 99%.
(2)The extraction equilibrium experiment of Pd(Ⅱ)When the initial concentration of Pd(Ⅱ)in the aqueous phase is 6.754μg/mL,HCl concentration is 0.50mol/L,kerosene as diluent in the organic phase,N,N-di(methyl-heptyl)acetaminde(N_(503))concentration is 10.0%(w/V),the volume ratio of aquous phase and organic phase is 1:1,oscillation 30 minutes,the extraction rate of Pd(Ⅱ)is 99.2%,the stripping agent is the same volume of 0.2mol/L KSCN,the strip percentage is above 95%.
2.The transport of Pt(Ⅳ)and Pd(Ⅱ)through supported liquid membrane
The transfer behaviors of Pt(Ⅳ)and Pd(Ⅱ)through a supported liquid membrane consisting of P_(507)or N_(503)solution in kerosene,adsorbed on a hydrophobic Polyvinylidene Fluoride microporous film have been studied respectively.
(1)The transport experiment of Pt(Ⅳ)
The concentration ofPt(Ⅳ)1.0μg/mL has been chosen as initial concentration,the effects of HCl and SnCl_2 concentration in the feed phase,P_(507)concentration in the membrane phase,HCl concentration in the strip phase on the transport of Pt(Ⅳ)have been discussed,and the best transport conditions of Pt(Ⅳ)are obtained:When initial concentration of Pt(Ⅳ)is 1.0μg/mL,SnCl_2 concentration is 0.05mol/L and HCl concentration is 1.0mol/L in the feed phase,P_(507)concentration in the membrane phase is 5.0%(w/V),HCl concentration in the strip phase is 6.0mol/L,the transport rate is nearly 100%in three hours.
(2)The transport experiment of Pd(Ⅱ)
The concentration of Pd(Ⅱ)3.0μg/mL has been chosen as initial concentration,the effects of HCl concentration in the feed phase,N_(503)concentration in the membrane phase,KSCN concentration in the strip phase on the transport of Pd(Ⅱ)have been discussed,and the best transport conditions of Pd(Ⅱ)are obtained:When initial concentration of Pd(Ⅱ)is 3.0μg/mL and HCl concentration is 0.2mol/L in the feed phase,N_(503)concentration in the membrane phase is 10.0%(w/V),KSCN concentration in the strip phase is 0.2mol/L,the transport rate is above 93%in four hours.
3.Simulation experiments
On the basis of Pt(Ⅳ)transport through the supported liquid membrane using P_(507)as a mobile carrier,the separation of Pt(Ⅳ)and several transition metal ions have been studied.
(1)Separation experiments of two metal ions
Under the best conditions of transport Pt(Ⅳ),1.0μg/mL Pt(Ⅳ)can separate from 50μg/mLNi(Ⅱ),100μg/mLCo(Ⅱ),100μg/mL Cu(Ⅱ)and 150μg/mLZn(Ⅱ)respectively.The transport rates of Pt(Ⅳ)are 89%,86%,81%and 87%,respectively in three hours.The mutual separation of Pt(Ⅳ)and Ni(Ⅱ),Pt(Ⅳ)and Co(Ⅱ),Pt(Ⅳ)and Cu(Ⅱ),Pt(Ⅳ)and Zn(Ⅱ),has been basically achieved.
(2)The separation experiment of simulated platinum plating solution
Simulated platinum plating solution consisting of 0.8μg/mLPt(Ⅳ),75μg/mLCu(Ⅱ), 75μg/mLZn(Ⅱ),75μg/mL Co(Ⅱ),75μg/mLNi(Ⅱ),75μg/mLSO_4~(2-)is treated through the supported liquid membrane system which has been established above,the transport rate of Pt(Ⅳ) is 87.8%in three hours,other metal ions do not transport.The results showed that the separation method of Pt(Ⅳ)through SLM established in this paper has certain value of reference and application.
引文
[1]朱萍.溶剂萃取法从贵金属废料液中分离回收贵金属的研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2003:1.
[2]余建民.贵金属萃取化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:1-7.
[3]王淑玲.铂族金属·世界矿产资源年评2003-2004[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:1.
[4]张维霖.黄药在铂族金属提取冶金中的应用[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),1979,(1):52-57.
[5]张维霖.从银电解液中提取铂和钯的新方法[J].贵金属,1980,1(1):11-19.
[6]张维霖.铱的回收和提纯方法[M].中国专利:85106777A,1985-09-07.
[7]陈景,杨正芬.硫化钠与氯钯(Ⅱ)酸的反应机理及应用硫化钠定量沉淀钯的研究[J].贵金属,1980,1(1):1-10.
[8]陈景.硫化钠与氯钯(Ⅱ)酸的反应机理及应用硫化钠沉淀法分离铂、铑、铱中的钯[J].贵金属,1980,1(2):1-8.
[9]窦广元.一种从含金王水中提取金的方法[P].中国专利:86106293A,1986-09-17.
[10]勾华.用丁基黄原酸钠提取钯[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000,18(3):70-72.
[11]刘金宝,于辉芝.从湿法冶炼废水中回收金[J].黄金,2002,23(10):43-45.
[12]周全法.贵金属深加工及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002:117-118.
[13]赵永周.共沉淀富集分离矿石中微量金、铂、钯[J].黄金,2006,27(5):42-45.
[14]郑穗华,陈庆邦.从电镀废液中回收金的研究[J].中国物资再生,1997,(6):8-9.
[15]王建英,周银东.从金电解废液中提取铂钯[J].江苏冶金,1999,(4):11-12.
[16]陈景.关于铜置换贵金属动力学研究中的问题[J].贵金属,1988,9(1):1-11.
[17]陈景,崔宁,杨正芬.盐酸浓度对铜置换沉淀铑(Ⅲ)的影响[J].贵金属,1988,9(2):7-12.
[18]陈景,崔宁.盐酸介质中铜置换钯的两种反应机理[J].贵金属,1993,14(4):1-9.
[19]熊宗国,王瑛,刘纯鹏.铜置换回收贵金属的动力学[J].贵金属,1982,3(1):1-11.
[20]熊宗国,王瑛.在硫酸介质中铜置换贵金属的动力学[J].贵金属,1987,8(1):1-8.
[21]熊宗国.也谈铜置换贵金属动力学研究中的问题[J].贵金属,1991,12(4):67-73.
[22]廖秋玲.铜在贵金属回收中的作用[J].中国物资再生,1999,(9):10-11.
[23]王永录,刘正华.金、银及铂族金属再生回收[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2005:473-486.
[24]刘峙嵘,韦鹏,曾凯等.R-520树脂吸附金的研究[J].黄金,2006,27(8):33-35.
[25]王永录,刘正华.金、银及铂族金属再生回收[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2005:505-527.
[26]余建民.贵金属萃取化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:1-301.
[27]董守安.现代贵金属分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:71.
[28]Narbutt J,Bartos B,Siekierski S.Liquid-liquid partition and hydration of palladium(Ⅱ)β-diketonates [J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1993,11(4):603-612.
[29]Cote B,Demopoulos G P.New 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative extractants for platinum group metals separation part 4:kinetics of Pd(Ⅱ)extraction and stripping[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1995,13(1):83-107.
[30]Alam M Sh,Inoue K.Extraction of rhodium from other platinum group metals with Kelex 100 from chloride media containing tin[J].Hydrometallurgy,1997,46(3):373-382.
[31]Yuan Ch Y,Ma H L,Cao J R,et al.Studies on the structural effect of dialky(aryl)studies in gold and palladium extraction[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1988,6(5):739-753.
[32]Al-Bazi S J,Preiser H.Mechanistic studies on the extraction of palladium(Ⅱ)with dioctyl sulfide[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1987,5(2):265-275.
[33]蔡旭麒.二异戊基硫醚萃取分离贵金属[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),1996,(5):42-44.
[34]Shukla J P,Singh R K,Sawant S R,et al.Liquid-liquid extraction of palladium(Ⅱ)from nitric acid by bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulphoxide[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,1993,276(1):181-187.
[35]程飞,古国榜,张振民.溶剂萃取分离金川料液中的金钯铂[J].中国有色金属学报,1996,6(2):32-35.
[36]李艳莉,古国榜.石油亚砜PSO3e萃取Au~(3+)的性能及机理研究[J].贵金属,2001,22(1):33-38.
[37]徐志广,古国榜.亚砜萃取钯铂的研究进展[J].贵金属,2008,29(1):46-52.
[38]Al-Bazi S J,Freiser H.Kinetic studies of the solvent extraction of platinum(Ⅱ)with diphenyl thiourea [J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1988,6(6):1067-1079.
[39]栾天罡,李焕然,吴京洪等.苯异硫脲基乙酸萃取钯的性能和机理的研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2002,41(2):57-59.
[40]Heitzseh O,Gloe K,Stephan H,et al.Liquid-liquid extraction of Ag(Ⅰ),Hg(Ⅱ),Au(Ⅲ)and Pd(Ⅱ)by some oligothia macroeyclic ligands incorporating aromatic and heteroaromatic subunits[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1994,12(3):475-496.
[41]李焕然,吴清柱,容庆新.双(正辛基亚磺酰)乙烷萃取铂的性能和机理[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),1997,36(2):77-82.
[42]李焕然,邦古拉,黄爱萍等.双(正-辛基亚磺酰)乙烷溶剂萃取金及其应用[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2000,39(1):58-62.
[43]朱晓文,王建晨,宋崇立等.双(正-辛基亚磺酰)乙烷-乙酸丁酯萃取体系分离富集钯、铂[J].贵金属,2002,23(1):1-5.
[44]朱晓文,李春宇,王建晨等.KSCN-双(正-辛基亚磺酰)乙烷-乙酸丁酯体系萃取钯的研究[J].稀有金属,2002,26(2):149-152.
[45]陈丁文,董守安,李楷中等.盐酸溶液中铱(Ⅳ)氯水配合物的萃取行为研究[J].贵金属,2001,22(3):1-7
[46]Zou L H,Chen J,Pan X J.Solvent extraction of rhodium from aqueous solution of Rh(Ⅲ)-Sn(Ⅱ)-C~-system by TBP[J].Hydrometallurgy,1998,50(3):193-203.
[47]董彦杰,刘建宁,盖轲等.三辛基氧化膦萃取钯热力学研究[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版),1999,19(4):20-22.
[48]Rovira M,Cortina J L,Sastre A M.Selective liquid-liquid extraction of palladium(Ⅱ)from hydrochloric acid media by di-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophosphoric acid(DEHTPA)[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1999,17(2):333-349.
[49]Kakoi T,Goto M,Nakashio F.Solvent extraction of palladium with bis(2,4,4,-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid and bis(2,4,4,-trimethylpentyl)monothiophosphinic acid[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1994,12(3):541-555.
[50]董彦杰,刘建宁,盖轲.二-(2-乙基己基)二硫代磷酸萃取钯机理的研究[J].宁夏大学学报(自然科学版),2000,21(3):242-243.
[51]董彦杰,盖轲,张克钧等.二-(2-乙基己基)二硫代磷酸萃取钯热力学的研究[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版),2000,19(2):71-74.
[52]Ohto K,Nagata J,Honda S,et al.Solvent extraction of precious metals with an organoaminophosphonate[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1997,15(1):115-130.
[53]巩新兴,董彦杰.在HClO_4介质中P_(538)萃取钯机理的研究[J].湿法冶金,1996,(4):29-32.
[54]董彦杰,巩新兴,刘建宁等.在高氯酸介质中P_(538)萃取钯热力学的研究[J].铀矿冶,2000,19(1):62-65.
[55]王贵平等.溶剂萃取新进展[M].广州:暨南大学出版社,1998:187.
[56]Zhang Q F,Gong Z Q.Researeh on kinetics of extraction of palladium(Ⅱ)from hydrochloric acid solution by tri-n-octylamine in o-xylene[J].Precious Metals,2007,28(4):35-40.
[57]MirzaM Y,俞祖根.用三异辛胺从盐酸和溴氢酸中萃取铂族金属的研究.金、钯、铂的分离和测定[J].黄金,1981,(2):22-26.
[58]董彦杰.N,N-二辛基甘氨酸萃取铑的机理[J].化工治金,1997,18(3):266-268.
[59]董彦杰,刘建宁.N,N-二辛基甘氨酸萃取钯机理的研究[J].铀矿冶,2000,19(2):128-131.
[60]董彦杰,刘建宁,巩新兴.N,N'-二辛基甘氨酸萃取钯热力学研究[J].湿法治金,1997,(3):13-15.
[61]夏传琴,刘忠群,金永东等.N,N-二甲庚基乙酰胺萃取钯的研究[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),1998,34(6):828-832.
[62]董彦杰,刘建宁.高氯酸介质中2-羟基-5-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟萃取钯的机理[J].化工冶金,1998,19(1):73-76.
[63]董彦杰.高氯酸介质中2-羟基-5-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟萃取钯的热力学研究[J].湿法冶金,1998,(2):36-38.
[64]董彦杰,刘建宁.高氯酸介质中2-羟基-4-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟萃取钯的机理研究[J].湿法冶金,1998,(4):36-38.
[65]董彦杰,刘建宁.高氯酸介质中2-羟基-4-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟萃取钯热力学的研究[J].化学研究与应用,1999,11(1):77-79.
[66]夏传琴,刘忠群,金永东等.N_(235)萃取高放废液中的钯、铑研究[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),1998,35(2):235-239.
[67]董彦杰,姚亮.氢溴酸介质中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵萃取钯机理研究[J].铀矿冶,2003,22(2):107-109.
[68]Jan GH du Preez,Shimone E Knoetze,Swamum Ravindran.Nitrogen reagents in metal ion separation. Part Ⅹ.The separation of palladium from platinum in hydrochloric acid solution by pyrazole derivatives[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1999,17(2):317-332.
[69]董彦杰,宋淑玲用1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基吡唑啉酮-5(PMBP)从高氯酸介质中萃取钯机理研究[J].湿法冶金,2001,20(3):149-151.
[70]Foulon C,Pareau D,Durand G.Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of palladium(Ⅱ)extraction by extraetant mixtures containing LIX63:Part Ⅰ.Thermodynamic study[J].Hydrometallurgy,1999,51(2):139-153.
[71]Foulon C,Pareau D,Stambouli M,et al.Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of palladium(Ⅱ)extraction by extractant mixtures containing LIX63:Part Ⅱ.Kinetic study[J].Hydrometallurgy,1999,54(1):49-63.
[72]董彦杰,刘建宁.2-羟基-5-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟与P_(204)对钯的协同萃取[J].化学通报,1997,(11):34-36.
[73]董彦杰刘建宁,盖轲等.2-羟基-4-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟与P_(204)对钯的协同萃取[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版),1999,19(2):33-36.
[74]董彦杰,刘建宁.2-羟基-5-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟与P_(507)对钯的协同萃取[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1999,35(1):122-125.
[75]董彦杰.2.羟基-4-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟与P_(538)对钯的协同萃取[J].重庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),1999,16(4):61-64.
[76]董彦杰.2-羟基-5-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟与P_(538)对钯的协同萃取[J].新疆大学学报(理工版),2001,18(2):185-188.
[77]董彦杰,刘建宁,盖轲.2-羟基-4-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟与HEHEHP对钯的协同萃取[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版),1999,18(3):59-62.
[78]董彦杰,刘建宁,盖轲.N_(530)与D_2EHDTPA对钯的协同萃取[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版),2000,20(2):107-109.
[79]董彦杰,盖轲,巩兴新.N510与D2EHDTPA对钯的协同萃取[J].铀矿冶,2002,21(1):39-42.
[80]董彦杰.2-羟基-5-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟与三辛基氧化磷对钯的协同萃取[J].信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2000,13(1):24-27.
[81]Dong Y J.Synergistic extraction of palladium(Ⅱ)with 2-hydroxyl-4-sec-octyl-diphenylamine and trioctylphosphine oxide[J].Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences(Natural Science),2004,24(2):106-109.
[82]Belova V V,Kholkin A I.Binary extraction of platinum metals[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1998,16(5):1233-1255.
[83]罗小健.反萃分散组合液膜迁移和分离金属离子的研究[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2005:1-5.
[84]余晓皎,姚秉华,周孝德.应用大块液膜法处理含铜废水[J].西安理工大学学报,2003,19(2):145-147.
[85]余晓皎,姚秉华,周孝德.液膜法迁移及分离镍(Ⅱ)的研究[J].水处理技术,2003,29(4):203-205.
[86]姚秉华,陈静,王骋等.VB/CHCl_3液膜体系中银离子的传输分离[J].稀有金属,2005,29(2):244-247.
[87]Ireneusz M,Jan S.Separation of Zinc(Ⅱ)from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions in a Double Lewis Cell[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,2004,22(2):243-256.
[88]李华昌,周春山,符斌.液膜分离技术及其在铂族金属分离中的应用[J].黄金,2001,22(2):40-43.
[89]莫启武.液膜法在贵金属分离富集中的应用[J].贵金属,1996,17(2):46-49.
[90]张鹏飞.液膜提金工艺特性分析[J].长沙铁道学院学报,1996,14(3):101-104.
[91]刘芙燕,陈玉璞等.液膜法提金工艺[J].应用化学,1998,15(5):83-85.
[92]王卓,王彦斌等.液膜法提取金的耗散结构[J].计算机与应用化学,2001,18(2):184-186.
[93]李玉萍,王献科.液膜法分离富集银[J].中国铝业,2001,25(1):47-49.
[94]张瑞华,全水清.乳状液膜提取钯的研究[J].稀有金属,1994,18(1):14-17.
[95]全水清,吴银枝.乳状液膜萃取钯的研究[J].江西化工,2004,(4):109-111.
[96]Takahiko K,Masahiro G,Fumiyuki N.Separation of palladium and silver from a nitric acid solution by liquid surfactant membranes[J].Separation Science and Technology,1997,32(8):1415-1433.
[97]王靖芳,冯彦琳,般肖华等.乳状液膜法迁移及分离钯(Ⅱ)的研究[J].无机化学学报,1998,14(2):157-161.
[98]Takahiko K,Masahiro G,Fumiyuki M.Separation of platinum and palladium by liquid surfactant membranes utilizing a novel bi-functional surfactant[J].Journal of Membrane Science,1996,120(1):77-88.
[99]Alguacil F J,Alonso M.Transport of cadmium from a mixture of HCl and H_3PO_4 using phosphine oxides(Cyanex921 and Cyanex923)as carriers:the influence of the membrane diluents(Exxsol D100 and Solvesso 100)[J].Hydrometallurgy,2004,74(3,4):195-202.
[100]Lakshmi D S,Mohapatra P K,Mohan D.Uranium transport using a PTFE flat-sheet membrane containing alamine336 in toluene as the carrier[J].Desalination,2004,163(1,3):13-18.
[101]Mercedes E C,Jose M.Transport of niobium(Ⅴ)through a TBP-Alamine336 supported liquid membrane from chloride solutions[J].Hydrometallurgy,2001,61(2):89-95.
[102]Kertesz R,Sehlosser S,Simo M.Mass-transfer characteristics of a spiral-channel SLM module in pertraetion of Phenylalanine[J].Desalination,2004,163(1,3):103-117.
[103]Pawel D,Piotr W,JanAoke J,et al.Separation of amino acid enantiomers using supported liquid membrane extraction with chiral phosphates and phosphonates[J].Tetrahedron,1999,55(32):9923-9932.
[104]Daoud J A,El-Reefy S A,Aly H F.Permeation of Cd(Ⅱ)ions through a supported liquid membrane containing Cyanex-302 in kerosene[J].Separation Science and Technology,1998,33(4):537-549.
[105]肖新峰,张新申,龚正君等.支撑液膜在线萃取富集流动注射分光光度法测定水中的痕量铅[J].分析化学,2006,34(6):855-858.
[106]Yaftian M R,Burgard M,Dieleman C B,Matt D.Rare-earth metal-ion separation using a supported liquid membrane mediated by a narrow rim phosphorylated calix[4]arene[J].Journal of Membrane Science,1998,144(1,2):57-64.
[107]狄晓威,何锡文,曾宪顺.硒功能化杯[4]芳烃对金属离子的识别及在PVC基质支撑液膜的传输作用[J].化学学报,2003,61(11):1854-1859.
[108]罗小健等.N_(530)-OT-煤油-HCl反萃分散组合液膜体系迁移和分离铜的研究[J].无机化学学报,2005,21(4):588-592.
[109]姚秉华,杜宝中,王骋,余晓皎.多孔聚丙烯支撑液膜中镉的传输研究[J].分析测试学报,2003,22(5):14-17.
[110]王骋,石振海,姚秉华,王力.钴(Ⅱ)在二-(2-乙基己基)膦酸/CHCl_3支撑液膜体系中的传输[J].应用化学,2004,21(11):1127-1131.
[111]何鼎胜等.三正辛胺.煤油支撑液膜萃取Cd(Ⅱ)的研究[J].水处理技术,1999,25(6):330-334.
[112]He D S,Ma M.Transport of cadmium iota through a liquid membrane containing amine extractants as carriers[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2000,169(1):53-59.
[113]Fu J S,Shigeto Nakamura,Kenichi Akiba.Selective transport of platinum(Ⅳ)from a palladium(Ⅱ)mixture across a liquid membrane impregnated with an 8-quinolinol derivative[J].Journal of Membrane Science,1995,107(3):283-288.
[114]Fontas C,Salvado V,Hidalgo M.Solvent extraction of Pt(Ⅳ)by Aliquat336 and its application to a solid supported liquid membrane system[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1999,17(1):149-162.
[115]Fontas C,Antico E,Salvad V,et al.Chemical pumping of rhodium by a supported liquid membrane containing Aliquat 336 as carrier[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,1997,346(2):199-206.
[116]Ashrafizadeh S N,Demopoulos G P.Extraction of Rhodium chlorocomplexes and acid through a supported liquid membrane of Kelex100[J].Separation Science and Technology,1996,31(7):895-914.
[117]Ashrafizadeh S N,Demopoulos G P,Rovira M,et al.Permeation of Iridium(Ⅳ)and metal impurity chlorocomplexes through a supported liquid membrane designed for Rhodium separation[J].SeparationScience and Technology,1998,33(8):1145-1162.
[118]Fu J S,Nakamura S,Akiba K.Extraction of Platinum(Ⅳ)with trioctylamine and its application to liquid membrane transport[J].Separation Science and Technology,1995,30(4):609-619.
[119]Fu J S,Nakamura S,Akiba K.Transport of Palladium(Ⅱ)through trioctylaminc liquid membrane[J].Separation Science and Technology,1995,30(5):793-803.
[120]Fu J S,Nakamura S,Akiba K.Iridium(Ⅳ)transport across trioctylamine supported liquid membrane [J].Separation Science and Technology,1995,30(20):3821-3830.
[121]Fu J S,Shigcto N,Kenichi A.Separation of precious metals through a trioctylamine liquid mem- brane[J].Separation Science and Technology,1997,32(8):1433-1445.
[122]Chaudry M A,Islam N u,Rahman N u.Extraction of Pd(Ⅱ)ions using tri-n-octylamine xylene base supported liquid membranes[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,1997,218(1):53-60.
[123]Rovira M,Sastre A M.Modeling of mass transfer in facilitated supported liquid-membrane transport of palladium(Ⅱ)using di-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophosphoric acid[J].Journal of Membrane science,1998,149(2):241-250.
[124]Sastre A M,Madi A,Alguacil F J.Facilitated supported liquid-membrane transport of gold(Ⅰ)using LIX 79 in cumene[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2000,166(2):213-219.
[125]Bhandare A A,Argekar A P.Separation and recovery of platinum and rhodium by supported liquid membrane using bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphorie aeid(HDEHP)as a mobile carrier[J].Journal of Membrane science,2002,201(1,2):233-237.
[126]Alguacil F J,Coedo A G,Dorado M T,et al.Phosphine oxide mediate transport:modelling of mass transfer in supported liquid membrane transport of gold(Ⅲ)using Cyanex 923[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2001,56(10):3115-3122.
[127]Fontas C,Salvado V,Hidalgo M.Selective enrichment of palladium from spent automotive catalysts by using a liquid membrane system[J].Journal of Membrane science,2003,223(1,2):39-48.
[128]Alguacil F J.Solvent extraction of Au(Ⅲ)by the chloride salt of the amine Alamin304 and its application to a solid supported liquid membrane system solvent[J].Extraction and Ion Exchange,2003,21(6):841-852.
[129]Alguaeil F J.Carrier-mediated gold transport in the system Cyanex921-HCl-Au(Ⅲ)[J].Hydrometallurgy,2004,71(3,4):363-369.
[130]Alguacil F J,Alonso M,Sastre A M.Facilitated supported liquid membrane transport of gold(Ⅰ)and gold(Ⅲ)using Cyanex 921[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2005,252(1,2):237-244.
[131]Alguacil F J,Alonso M.Transport of Au(CN)_2~- across a supported liquid membrane using mixtures of amine Primene JMT and phosphine oxide Cyanex 923[J].Hydrometallurgy,2004,74(1,2):157-163.
[132]Masllorens J,Roglans A,Antieo E,et al.New applications of azamacroeyelic ligandsin ion recognition,transport and preconcentration of palladium[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2006,560(1,2):77-83.
[133]Fontas C,Antico E,Vocanson F,et al.Thiacalix[4]arenes as selective carriers for the transport and separation of gold,palladium and platinum by using supported liquid membrane systems[J].Desalination,2006,200(1-3):112-113.
[134]Zaghbani A,Tayeb R,Dhahbi M,et al.Selective thiacalix[4]arene bearing three amide groups as ionophore of binary Pd(Ⅱ)and Au(Ⅲ)extraction by a supported liquid membrane system[J].Separation and PudficationTechnology,2007,57(2):374-379.
[135]胡秋娈.应用分析化学[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2000:183-184.
[136]姚秉华.金属离子的有机磷化合物溶剂萃取分离研究[D].日本福井:福井大学,1997.
[137]王曙,田东林.用钯(Ⅱ)-7-碘-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸络合物吸附波测定钯[J].分析化学,1996,24(7):802-805.
[138]大连理工大学无机化学教研室编.无机化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990:147-151.
[139]余晓皎,姚秉华,周孝德.烷基膦酸为载体的液膜中Pb(Ⅱ)的迁移[J].环境科学,2002,23(6):111-113.
[140]杜军,周堃,陶长元.支撑液膜研究及应用进展[J].化学研究与应用,2004,16(2):160-164.
[141]Danesi P R.Separation of metal species by supported liquid membranes[J].Separation Science and Technology,1984,19(11,12):857-894.
[142]王靖芳,冯彦琳,窦丽珠,石菊香.N_(503)为载体的乳状液膜提取钯(Ⅱ)的研究[J],稀有金属,2001,25(1):68-70.
[2]余建民.贵金属萃取化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:1-7.
[3]王淑玲.铂族金属·世界矿产资源年评2003-2004[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:1.
[4]张维霖.黄药在铂族金属提取冶金中的应用[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),1979,(1):52-57.
[5]张维霖.从银电解液中提取铂和钯的新方法[J].贵金属,1980,1(1):11-19.
[6]张维霖.铱的回收和提纯方法[M].中国专利:85106777A,1985-09-07.
[7]陈景,杨正芬.硫化钠与氯钯(Ⅱ)酸的反应机理及应用硫化钠定量沉淀钯的研究[J].贵金属,1980,1(1):1-10.
[8]陈景.硫化钠与氯钯(Ⅱ)酸的反应机理及应用硫化钠沉淀法分离铂、铑、铱中的钯[J].贵金属,1980,1(2):1-8.
[9]窦广元.一种从含金王水中提取金的方法[P].中国专利:86106293A,1986-09-17.
[10]勾华.用丁基黄原酸钠提取钯[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000,18(3):70-72.
[11]刘金宝,于辉芝.从湿法冶炼废水中回收金[J].黄金,2002,23(10):43-45.
[12]周全法.贵金属深加工及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002:117-118.
[13]赵永周.共沉淀富集分离矿石中微量金、铂、钯[J].黄金,2006,27(5):42-45.
[14]郑穗华,陈庆邦.从电镀废液中回收金的研究[J].中国物资再生,1997,(6):8-9.
[15]王建英,周银东.从金电解废液中提取铂钯[J].江苏冶金,1999,(4):11-12.
[16]陈景.关于铜置换贵金属动力学研究中的问题[J].贵金属,1988,9(1):1-11.
[17]陈景,崔宁,杨正芬.盐酸浓度对铜置换沉淀铑(Ⅲ)的影响[J].贵金属,1988,9(2):7-12.
[18]陈景,崔宁.盐酸介质中铜置换钯的两种反应机理[J].贵金属,1993,14(4):1-9.
[19]熊宗国,王瑛,刘纯鹏.铜置换回收贵金属的动力学[J].贵金属,1982,3(1):1-11.
[20]熊宗国,王瑛.在硫酸介质中铜置换贵金属的动力学[J].贵金属,1987,8(1):1-8.
[21]熊宗国.也谈铜置换贵金属动力学研究中的问题[J].贵金属,1991,12(4):67-73.
[22]廖秋玲.铜在贵金属回收中的作用[J].中国物资再生,1999,(9):10-11.
[23]王永录,刘正华.金、银及铂族金属再生回收[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2005:473-486.
[24]刘峙嵘,韦鹏,曾凯等.R-520树脂吸附金的研究[J].黄金,2006,27(8):33-35.
[25]王永录,刘正华.金、银及铂族金属再生回收[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2005:505-527.
[26]余建民.贵金属萃取化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:1-301.
[27]董守安.现代贵金属分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:71.
[28]Narbutt J,Bartos B,Siekierski S.Liquid-liquid partition and hydration of palladium(Ⅱ)β-diketonates [J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1993,11(4):603-612.
[29]Cote B,Demopoulos G P.New 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative extractants for platinum group metals separation part 4:kinetics of Pd(Ⅱ)extraction and stripping[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1995,13(1):83-107.
[30]Alam M Sh,Inoue K.Extraction of rhodium from other platinum group metals with Kelex 100 from chloride media containing tin[J].Hydrometallurgy,1997,46(3):373-382.
[31]Yuan Ch Y,Ma H L,Cao J R,et al.Studies on the structural effect of dialky(aryl)studies in gold and palladium extraction[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1988,6(5):739-753.
[32]Al-Bazi S J,Preiser H.Mechanistic studies on the extraction of palladium(Ⅱ)with dioctyl sulfide[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1987,5(2):265-275.
[33]蔡旭麒.二异戊基硫醚萃取分离贵金属[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),1996,(5):42-44.
[34]Shukla J P,Singh R K,Sawant S R,et al.Liquid-liquid extraction of palladium(Ⅱ)from nitric acid by bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulphoxide[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,1993,276(1):181-187.
[35]程飞,古国榜,张振民.溶剂萃取分离金川料液中的金钯铂[J].中国有色金属学报,1996,6(2):32-35.
[36]李艳莉,古国榜.石油亚砜PSO3e萃取Au~(3+)的性能及机理研究[J].贵金属,2001,22(1):33-38.
[37]徐志广,古国榜.亚砜萃取钯铂的研究进展[J].贵金属,2008,29(1):46-52.
[38]Al-Bazi S J,Freiser H.Kinetic studies of the solvent extraction of platinum(Ⅱ)with diphenyl thiourea [J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1988,6(6):1067-1079.
[39]栾天罡,李焕然,吴京洪等.苯异硫脲基乙酸萃取钯的性能和机理的研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2002,41(2):57-59.
[40]Heitzseh O,Gloe K,Stephan H,et al.Liquid-liquid extraction of Ag(Ⅰ),Hg(Ⅱ),Au(Ⅲ)and Pd(Ⅱ)by some oligothia macroeyclic ligands incorporating aromatic and heteroaromatic subunits[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1994,12(3):475-496.
[41]李焕然,吴清柱,容庆新.双(正辛基亚磺酰)乙烷萃取铂的性能和机理[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),1997,36(2):77-82.
[42]李焕然,邦古拉,黄爱萍等.双(正-辛基亚磺酰)乙烷溶剂萃取金及其应用[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2000,39(1):58-62.
[43]朱晓文,王建晨,宋崇立等.双(正-辛基亚磺酰)乙烷-乙酸丁酯萃取体系分离富集钯、铂[J].贵金属,2002,23(1):1-5.
[44]朱晓文,李春宇,王建晨等.KSCN-双(正-辛基亚磺酰)乙烷-乙酸丁酯体系萃取钯的研究[J].稀有金属,2002,26(2):149-152.
[45]陈丁文,董守安,李楷中等.盐酸溶液中铱(Ⅳ)氯水配合物的萃取行为研究[J].贵金属,2001,22(3):1-7
[46]Zou L H,Chen J,Pan X J.Solvent extraction of rhodium from aqueous solution of Rh(Ⅲ)-Sn(Ⅱ)-C~-system by TBP[J].Hydrometallurgy,1998,50(3):193-203.
[47]董彦杰,刘建宁,盖轲等.三辛基氧化膦萃取钯热力学研究[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版),1999,19(4):20-22.
[48]Rovira M,Cortina J L,Sastre A M.Selective liquid-liquid extraction of palladium(Ⅱ)from hydrochloric acid media by di-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophosphoric acid(DEHTPA)[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1999,17(2):333-349.
[49]Kakoi T,Goto M,Nakashio F.Solvent extraction of palladium with bis(2,4,4,-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid and bis(2,4,4,-trimethylpentyl)monothiophosphinic acid[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1994,12(3):541-555.
[50]董彦杰,刘建宁,盖轲.二-(2-乙基己基)二硫代磷酸萃取钯机理的研究[J].宁夏大学学报(自然科学版),2000,21(3):242-243.
[51]董彦杰,盖轲,张克钧等.二-(2-乙基己基)二硫代磷酸萃取钯热力学的研究[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版),2000,19(2):71-74.
[52]Ohto K,Nagata J,Honda S,et al.Solvent extraction of precious metals with an organoaminophosphonate[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1997,15(1):115-130.
[53]巩新兴,董彦杰.在HClO_4介质中P_(538)萃取钯机理的研究[J].湿法冶金,1996,(4):29-32.
[54]董彦杰,巩新兴,刘建宁等.在高氯酸介质中P_(538)萃取钯热力学的研究[J].铀矿冶,2000,19(1):62-65.
[55]王贵平等.溶剂萃取新进展[M].广州:暨南大学出版社,1998:187.
[56]Zhang Q F,Gong Z Q.Researeh on kinetics of extraction of palladium(Ⅱ)from hydrochloric acid solution by tri-n-octylamine in o-xylene[J].Precious Metals,2007,28(4):35-40.
[57]MirzaM Y,俞祖根.用三异辛胺从盐酸和溴氢酸中萃取铂族金属的研究.金、钯、铂的分离和测定[J].黄金,1981,(2):22-26.
[58]董彦杰.N,N-二辛基甘氨酸萃取铑的机理[J].化工治金,1997,18(3):266-268.
[59]董彦杰,刘建宁.N,N-二辛基甘氨酸萃取钯机理的研究[J].铀矿冶,2000,19(2):128-131.
[60]董彦杰,刘建宁,巩新兴.N,N'-二辛基甘氨酸萃取钯热力学研究[J].湿法治金,1997,(3):13-15.
[61]夏传琴,刘忠群,金永东等.N,N-二甲庚基乙酰胺萃取钯的研究[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),1998,34(6):828-832.
[62]董彦杰,刘建宁.高氯酸介质中2-羟基-5-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟萃取钯的机理[J].化工冶金,1998,19(1):73-76.
[63]董彦杰.高氯酸介质中2-羟基-5-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟萃取钯的热力学研究[J].湿法冶金,1998,(2):36-38.
[64]董彦杰,刘建宁.高氯酸介质中2-羟基-4-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟萃取钯的机理研究[J].湿法冶金,1998,(4):36-38.
[65]董彦杰,刘建宁.高氯酸介质中2-羟基-4-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟萃取钯热力学的研究[J].化学研究与应用,1999,11(1):77-79.
[66]夏传琴,刘忠群,金永东等.N_(235)萃取高放废液中的钯、铑研究[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),1998,35(2):235-239.
[67]董彦杰,姚亮.氢溴酸介质中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵萃取钯机理研究[J].铀矿冶,2003,22(2):107-109.
[68]Jan GH du Preez,Shimone E Knoetze,Swamum Ravindran.Nitrogen reagents in metal ion separation. Part Ⅹ.The separation of palladium from platinum in hydrochloric acid solution by pyrazole derivatives[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1999,17(2):317-332.
[69]董彦杰,宋淑玲用1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基吡唑啉酮-5(PMBP)从高氯酸介质中萃取钯机理研究[J].湿法冶金,2001,20(3):149-151.
[70]Foulon C,Pareau D,Durand G.Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of palladium(Ⅱ)extraction by extraetant mixtures containing LIX63:Part Ⅰ.Thermodynamic study[J].Hydrometallurgy,1999,51(2):139-153.
[71]Foulon C,Pareau D,Stambouli M,et al.Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of palladium(Ⅱ)extraction by extractant mixtures containing LIX63:Part Ⅱ.Kinetic study[J].Hydrometallurgy,1999,54(1):49-63.
[72]董彦杰,刘建宁.2-羟基-5-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟与P_(204)对钯的协同萃取[J].化学通报,1997,(11):34-36.
[73]董彦杰刘建宁,盖轲等.2-羟基-4-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟与P_(204)对钯的协同萃取[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版),1999,19(2):33-36.
[74]董彦杰,刘建宁.2-羟基-5-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟与P_(507)对钯的协同萃取[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1999,35(1):122-125.
[75]董彦杰.2.羟基-4-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟与P_(538)对钯的协同萃取[J].重庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),1999,16(4):61-64.
[76]董彦杰.2-羟基-5-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟与P_(538)对钯的协同萃取[J].新疆大学学报(理工版),2001,18(2):185-188.
[77]董彦杰,刘建宁,盖轲.2-羟基-4-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟与HEHEHP对钯的协同萃取[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版),1999,18(3):59-62.
[78]董彦杰,刘建宁,盖轲.N_(530)与D_2EHDTPA对钯的协同萃取[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版),2000,20(2):107-109.
[79]董彦杰,盖轲,巩兴新.N510与D2EHDTPA对钯的协同萃取[J].铀矿冶,2002,21(1):39-42.
[80]董彦杰.2-羟基-5-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟与三辛基氧化磷对钯的协同萃取[J].信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2000,13(1):24-27.
[81]Dong Y J.Synergistic extraction of palladium(Ⅱ)with 2-hydroxyl-4-sec-octyl-diphenylamine and trioctylphosphine oxide[J].Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences(Natural Science),2004,24(2):106-109.
[82]Belova V V,Kholkin A I.Binary extraction of platinum metals[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1998,16(5):1233-1255.
[83]罗小健.反萃分散组合液膜迁移和分离金属离子的研究[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2005:1-5.
[84]余晓皎,姚秉华,周孝德.应用大块液膜法处理含铜废水[J].西安理工大学学报,2003,19(2):145-147.
[85]余晓皎,姚秉华,周孝德.液膜法迁移及分离镍(Ⅱ)的研究[J].水处理技术,2003,29(4):203-205.
[86]姚秉华,陈静,王骋等.VB/CHCl_3液膜体系中银离子的传输分离[J].稀有金属,2005,29(2):244-247.
[87]Ireneusz M,Jan S.Separation of Zinc(Ⅱ)from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions in a Double Lewis Cell[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,2004,22(2):243-256.
[88]李华昌,周春山,符斌.液膜分离技术及其在铂族金属分离中的应用[J].黄金,2001,22(2):40-43.
[89]莫启武.液膜法在贵金属分离富集中的应用[J].贵金属,1996,17(2):46-49.
[90]张鹏飞.液膜提金工艺特性分析[J].长沙铁道学院学报,1996,14(3):101-104.
[91]刘芙燕,陈玉璞等.液膜法提金工艺[J].应用化学,1998,15(5):83-85.
[92]王卓,王彦斌等.液膜法提取金的耗散结构[J].计算机与应用化学,2001,18(2):184-186.
[93]李玉萍,王献科.液膜法分离富集银[J].中国铝业,2001,25(1):47-49.
[94]张瑞华,全水清.乳状液膜提取钯的研究[J].稀有金属,1994,18(1):14-17.
[95]全水清,吴银枝.乳状液膜萃取钯的研究[J].江西化工,2004,(4):109-111.
[96]Takahiko K,Masahiro G,Fumiyuki N.Separation of palladium and silver from a nitric acid solution by liquid surfactant membranes[J].Separation Science and Technology,1997,32(8):1415-1433.
[97]王靖芳,冯彦琳,般肖华等.乳状液膜法迁移及分离钯(Ⅱ)的研究[J].无机化学学报,1998,14(2):157-161.
[98]Takahiko K,Masahiro G,Fumiyuki M.Separation of platinum and palladium by liquid surfactant membranes utilizing a novel bi-functional surfactant[J].Journal of Membrane Science,1996,120(1):77-88.
[99]Alguacil F J,Alonso M.Transport of cadmium from a mixture of HCl and H_3PO_4 using phosphine oxides(Cyanex921 and Cyanex923)as carriers:the influence of the membrane diluents(Exxsol D100 and Solvesso 100)[J].Hydrometallurgy,2004,74(3,4):195-202.
[100]Lakshmi D S,Mohapatra P K,Mohan D.Uranium transport using a PTFE flat-sheet membrane containing alamine336 in toluene as the carrier[J].Desalination,2004,163(1,3):13-18.
[101]Mercedes E C,Jose M.Transport of niobium(Ⅴ)through a TBP-Alamine336 supported liquid membrane from chloride solutions[J].Hydrometallurgy,2001,61(2):89-95.
[102]Kertesz R,Sehlosser S,Simo M.Mass-transfer characteristics of a spiral-channel SLM module in pertraetion of Phenylalanine[J].Desalination,2004,163(1,3):103-117.
[103]Pawel D,Piotr W,JanAoke J,et al.Separation of amino acid enantiomers using supported liquid membrane extraction with chiral phosphates and phosphonates[J].Tetrahedron,1999,55(32):9923-9932.
[104]Daoud J A,El-Reefy S A,Aly H F.Permeation of Cd(Ⅱ)ions through a supported liquid membrane containing Cyanex-302 in kerosene[J].Separation Science and Technology,1998,33(4):537-549.
[105]肖新峰,张新申,龚正君等.支撑液膜在线萃取富集流动注射分光光度法测定水中的痕量铅[J].分析化学,2006,34(6):855-858.
[106]Yaftian M R,Burgard M,Dieleman C B,Matt D.Rare-earth metal-ion separation using a supported liquid membrane mediated by a narrow rim phosphorylated calix[4]arene[J].Journal of Membrane Science,1998,144(1,2):57-64.
[107]狄晓威,何锡文,曾宪顺.硒功能化杯[4]芳烃对金属离子的识别及在PVC基质支撑液膜的传输作用[J].化学学报,2003,61(11):1854-1859.
[108]罗小健等.N_(530)-OT-煤油-HCl反萃分散组合液膜体系迁移和分离铜的研究[J].无机化学学报,2005,21(4):588-592.
[109]姚秉华,杜宝中,王骋,余晓皎.多孔聚丙烯支撑液膜中镉的传输研究[J].分析测试学报,2003,22(5):14-17.
[110]王骋,石振海,姚秉华,王力.钴(Ⅱ)在二-(2-乙基己基)膦酸/CHCl_3支撑液膜体系中的传输[J].应用化学,2004,21(11):1127-1131.
[111]何鼎胜等.三正辛胺.煤油支撑液膜萃取Cd(Ⅱ)的研究[J].水处理技术,1999,25(6):330-334.
[112]He D S,Ma M.Transport of cadmium iota through a liquid membrane containing amine extractants as carriers[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2000,169(1):53-59.
[113]Fu J S,Shigeto Nakamura,Kenichi Akiba.Selective transport of platinum(Ⅳ)from a palladium(Ⅱ)mixture across a liquid membrane impregnated with an 8-quinolinol derivative[J].Journal of Membrane Science,1995,107(3):283-288.
[114]Fontas C,Salvado V,Hidalgo M.Solvent extraction of Pt(Ⅳ)by Aliquat336 and its application to a solid supported liquid membrane system[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1999,17(1):149-162.
[115]Fontas C,Antico E,Salvad V,et al.Chemical pumping of rhodium by a supported liquid membrane containing Aliquat 336 as carrier[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,1997,346(2):199-206.
[116]Ashrafizadeh S N,Demopoulos G P.Extraction of Rhodium chlorocomplexes and acid through a supported liquid membrane of Kelex100[J].Separation Science and Technology,1996,31(7):895-914.
[117]Ashrafizadeh S N,Demopoulos G P,Rovira M,et al.Permeation of Iridium(Ⅳ)and metal impurity chlorocomplexes through a supported liquid membrane designed for Rhodium separation[J].SeparationScience and Technology,1998,33(8):1145-1162.
[118]Fu J S,Nakamura S,Akiba K.Extraction of Platinum(Ⅳ)with trioctylamine and its application to liquid membrane transport[J].Separation Science and Technology,1995,30(4):609-619.
[119]Fu J S,Nakamura S,Akiba K.Transport of Palladium(Ⅱ)through trioctylaminc liquid membrane[J].Separation Science and Technology,1995,30(5):793-803.
[120]Fu J S,Nakamura S,Akiba K.Iridium(Ⅳ)transport across trioctylamine supported liquid membrane [J].Separation Science and Technology,1995,30(20):3821-3830.
[121]Fu J S,Shigcto N,Kenichi A.Separation of precious metals through a trioctylamine liquid mem- brane[J].Separation Science and Technology,1997,32(8):1433-1445.
[122]Chaudry M A,Islam N u,Rahman N u.Extraction of Pd(Ⅱ)ions using tri-n-octylamine xylene base supported liquid membranes[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,1997,218(1):53-60.
[123]Rovira M,Sastre A M.Modeling of mass transfer in facilitated supported liquid-membrane transport of palladium(Ⅱ)using di-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophosphoric acid[J].Journal of Membrane science,1998,149(2):241-250.
[124]Sastre A M,Madi A,Alguacil F J.Facilitated supported liquid-membrane transport of gold(Ⅰ)using LIX 79 in cumene[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2000,166(2):213-219.
[125]Bhandare A A,Argekar A P.Separation and recovery of platinum and rhodium by supported liquid membrane using bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphorie aeid(HDEHP)as a mobile carrier[J].Journal of Membrane science,2002,201(1,2):233-237.
[126]Alguacil F J,Coedo A G,Dorado M T,et al.Phosphine oxide mediate transport:modelling of mass transfer in supported liquid membrane transport of gold(Ⅲ)using Cyanex 923[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2001,56(10):3115-3122.
[127]Fontas C,Salvado V,Hidalgo M.Selective enrichment of palladium from spent automotive catalysts by using a liquid membrane system[J].Journal of Membrane science,2003,223(1,2):39-48.
[128]Alguacil F J.Solvent extraction of Au(Ⅲ)by the chloride salt of the amine Alamin304 and its application to a solid supported liquid membrane system solvent[J].Extraction and Ion Exchange,2003,21(6):841-852.
[129]Alguaeil F J.Carrier-mediated gold transport in the system Cyanex921-HCl-Au(Ⅲ)[J].Hydrometallurgy,2004,71(3,4):363-369.
[130]Alguacil F J,Alonso M,Sastre A M.Facilitated supported liquid membrane transport of gold(Ⅰ)and gold(Ⅲ)using Cyanex 921[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2005,252(1,2):237-244.
[131]Alguacil F J,Alonso M.Transport of Au(CN)_2~- across a supported liquid membrane using mixtures of amine Primene JMT and phosphine oxide Cyanex 923[J].Hydrometallurgy,2004,74(1,2):157-163.
[132]Masllorens J,Roglans A,Antieo E,et al.New applications of azamacroeyelic ligandsin ion recognition,transport and preconcentration of palladium[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2006,560(1,2):77-83.
[133]Fontas C,Antico E,Vocanson F,et al.Thiacalix[4]arenes as selective carriers for the transport and separation of gold,palladium and platinum by using supported liquid membrane systems[J].Desalination,2006,200(1-3):112-113.
[134]Zaghbani A,Tayeb R,Dhahbi M,et al.Selective thiacalix[4]arene bearing three amide groups as ionophore of binary Pd(Ⅱ)and Au(Ⅲ)extraction by a supported liquid membrane system[J].Separation and PudficationTechnology,2007,57(2):374-379.
[135]胡秋娈.应用分析化学[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2000:183-184.
[136]姚秉华.金属离子的有机磷化合物溶剂萃取分离研究[D].日本福井:福井大学,1997.
[137]王曙,田东林.用钯(Ⅱ)-7-碘-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸络合物吸附波测定钯[J].分析化学,1996,24(7):802-805.
[138]大连理工大学无机化学教研室编.无机化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990:147-151.
[139]余晓皎,姚秉华,周孝德.烷基膦酸为载体的液膜中Pb(Ⅱ)的迁移[J].环境科学,2002,23(6):111-113.
[140]杜军,周堃,陶长元.支撑液膜研究及应用进展[J].化学研究与应用,2004,16(2):160-164.
[141]Danesi P R.Separation of metal species by supported liquid membranes[J].Separation Science and Technology,1984,19(11,12):857-894.
[142]王靖芳,冯彦琳,窦丽珠,石菊香.N_(503)为载体的乳状液膜提取钯(Ⅱ)的研究[J],稀有金属,2001,25(1):68-70.