湖南省农村育龄女性生殖道感染知信行现状与干预研究
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摘要
目的：
本文通过对湖南省农村育龄女性生殖道感染知信行现状的基线调查,详细分析影响农村育龄女性生殖道感染知信行水平的相关因素,并根据调查现状制定针对性的干预方案进行干预,验证干预方案的有效性。
方法：
本文以健康信念理论及计划行动理论为指导,采用横断面调查获取湖南省农村育龄女性生殖道感染知信行的现状,以T检验、单因素方差分析和多因素线性回归分析影响该地区农村育龄女性生殖道感染知识、信念和行为的因素,采用平行对照设计,以重复测量的方差分析比较对照组与两个干预组在干预前后生殖道感染知信行的变化。
2010年7-8月应用罗阳等编制的《育龄女性生殖道感染有关知识、行为和健康信念调查问卷》对60名农村育龄女性进行预调查,确定该问卷适合农村育龄女性的生殖道感染知信行调查。
2010年9-11月在湖南省浏阳市、益阳市、衡阳市、邵阳市四地以随机整群抽样的方法对500名农村育龄女性进行生殖道感染知信行的现状调查。
2010年11月-2011年2月在邵阳市七江乡选定90名农村育龄女性为研究对象,随机分为一个对照组及两个干预组,每组各30人。依据基线调查结果,制定知信行的干预方案,对干预一组采取以生殖道健康相关资料发放、知识讲座为措施的针对健康知识与信念的干预；对干预二组在生殖道健康相关资料发放、知识讲座的基础上专人提供咨询、定期电话或上门随访、建立生殖道感染知信行讨论小组定期交流等方式进行知信行一体的干预。在干预一个月及三个月时,对干预组和对照组进行问卷调查,比较干预前后得分值,评估干预的效果。
结果：
(1)基线调查结果显示湖南省农村育龄女性生殖道感染知信行平均得分为122.68±14.36,量表总分为168.00分,得分处于中等水平者占62.5%。
(2)单因素方差分析、T检验结果显示湖南省不同年龄段、文化程度、丈夫不同文化程度与职业、不同家庭收入和医疗费用支付方式的农村育龄女性在量表的总分及某些维度上得分存在显著性的差异(P<0.05),有统计学意义；多元线性回归分析显示文化程度、丈夫文化程度、家庭收入、医疗费用支付方式是农村育龄女性生殖道感染知识、信念和行为的主要影响因素(P<0.01),有统计学意义。
(3)方差分析结果显示：干预一个月时,与对照组相比,干预一组与二组的各维度得分及总分均存在显著性差异(P<0.01),有统计学意义；干预一组与二组之间总分、信念及行为维度的得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；干预三个月时,干预一组与二组和对照组相比在总分及各维度得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预一组和二组之间得分差异无统计学意义。重复测量的方差分析结果显示：干预效应或时间效应引起的农村育龄女性生殖道感染总分及各维度得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且得分在干预效应和时间效应之间存在交互作用(P<0.05)。
结论：
(1)本文的调查显示湖南省农村育龄女性生殖道感染知信行水平一般,年龄、文化程度、以及丈夫文化程度与职业和家庭收入、医疗费用支付方式是其主要的影响因素。
(2)干预时间大于一个月的以健康信念为主的干预或知信行一体的干预均可有效提高农村育龄女性生殖道感染的知信行水平,有利于防治育龄女性生殖道感染。知信行一体的干预在短期内促进健康行为改变的效果优于健康信念为主的干预。
Objective:This article investigate to human rural women of childbearing age genital infection status by the baseline survey, and analysis the factors which influence child-bearing age femela's KAP (Knowledge, Belief and Attitude, Practice) of genital tract infection; and based on the investigation of the intervention plans pertinence intervene, verify the validity of the intervention plans.
Methods:This paper based on the theory of health plans and beliefs, the action theory as guidance obtain cross-sectional survey of hunan rural women of childbearing age reproductive tract infection status of knowledge, used the T test, and the single factor analysis of variance and multi-factor linear regression analysis affect the region rural women of childbearing age genital infection knowledge, beliefs and behavioral factors, adopted parallel control design, by repeated measurements of variance analysis comparing with two intervention group control in before and after the intervention of the reproductive tract infection helps change.
In July-August 2010, carried a pre-surveys on 60 reproductive age female in rural area with "women of childbearing age with the knowledge of reproductive tract infections, behavior and health belief questionnaire" to determine the questionnaire for women of reproductive age in rural areas of reproductive tract infection KAP investigation.
In September-November 2010, investigation the reproductive tract infection KAP of 500 reproductive age women in rural areas of Liuyang,Yiyang, Hengyang, Shaoyang in Hunan Province by the methods of cluster sampling.
In November 2010-February 2011, selected 90 childbearing age wo wen in Qijiang village of Shaoyang city for the study, and randomly divided into a control group and two intervention group (n= 30). On the basis of baseline survey result, I developed intervention programs of KAP. The first intervention group provided health-related material and lectures of reproductive tract infections, mainly for improved the health knowledge and beliefs; The second intervention group has provided special consultation and regular follow-up telephone or visits, and established discussion group of genital tract infections other than the first intervention group, which improved knowledge and attitude、prictice in all. In the One month and three months of intervention, I surveyed the intervention group and control group by questionnaire, compared the scores before and after intervention to assess the intervention effect.
Results:(1) The baseline survey results show the average KAP score for reproductive tract infections of childbearing age women in Hunan rural area is 122.68, and the total highest score is 168.00, the KAP level is general and should be improved. (2) ANOVA analysis showed that childbearing age women in Hunan rural area with different age groups, occupation and her husband with different educational level and occupation, and with different family income, medical expenses payment whose total scale scores and scores on some dimensions were significant differences (P<0.05), with statistically significant; Multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational level, husband education, family income, medical expenses payment are the main factors affecting the reproductive tract infection KAP of childbearing age women in rural areas (P<0.01), with statistically significant. (3) ANOVA analysis showed after one month intervention, comparing with the control group, the first and the second group in dimension and total score have significantly difference (p<0.01). The significantly difference between the first group and the second group in dimension of total score, beliefs and behavior has statistical significance. After three months intervention, the first and the second group in dimension and total score have significantly difference comparing with the control group (p<0.05).Repeated measures analysis of variance showed the significantly difference of total score and in dimension lead by time or intervention effect, between the intervention and time effect has an interaction (P<0.05).
Conclusions:(1)This study shows the reproductive tract infection KAP lever of childbearing age female in rural areas of Hunan Province in is general; and the age, educational level, occupation, educational level and vocational of her husband, household income, medical expenses payment was the main effect factor. (2) Intervention Integrated knowledge, attitude and practice can improved the reproductive tract infection KAP level of childbearing age female in rural areas effectively. The intervention is able to improve the reproductive tract infection in women of reproductive age in rural areas KAP level by over one month intervention.
本文通过对湖南省农村育龄女性生殖道感染知信行现状的基线调查,详细分析影响农村育龄女性生殖道感染知信行水平的相关因素,并根据调查现状制定针对性的干预方案进行干预,验证干预方案的有效性。
方法：
本文以健康信念理论及计划行动理论为指导,采用横断面调查获取湖南省农村育龄女性生殖道感染知信行的现状,以T检验、单因素方差分析和多因素线性回归分析影响该地区农村育龄女性生殖道感染知识、信念和行为的因素,采用平行对照设计,以重复测量的方差分析比较对照组与两个干预组在干预前后生殖道感染知信行的变化。
2010年7-8月应用罗阳等编制的《育龄女性生殖道感染有关知识、行为和健康信念调查问卷》对60名农村育龄女性进行预调查,确定该问卷适合农村育龄女性的生殖道感染知信行调查。
2010年9-11月在湖南省浏阳市、益阳市、衡阳市、邵阳市四地以随机整群抽样的方法对500名农村育龄女性进行生殖道感染知信行的现状调查。
2010年11月-2011年2月在邵阳市七江乡选定90名农村育龄女性为研究对象,随机分为一个对照组及两个干预组,每组各30人。依据基线调查结果,制定知信行的干预方案,对干预一组采取以生殖道健康相关资料发放、知识讲座为措施的针对健康知识与信念的干预；对干预二组在生殖道健康相关资料发放、知识讲座的基础上专人提供咨询、定期电话或上门随访、建立生殖道感染知信行讨论小组定期交流等方式进行知信行一体的干预。在干预一个月及三个月时,对干预组和对照组进行问卷调查,比较干预前后得分值,评估干预的效果。
结果：
(1)基线调查结果显示湖南省农村育龄女性生殖道感染知信行平均得分为122.68±14.36,量表总分为168.00分,得分处于中等水平者占62.5%。
(2)单因素方差分析、T检验结果显示湖南省不同年龄段、文化程度、丈夫不同文化程度与职业、不同家庭收入和医疗费用支付方式的农村育龄女性在量表的总分及某些维度上得分存在显著性的差异(P<0.05),有统计学意义；多元线性回归分析显示文化程度、丈夫文化程度、家庭收入、医疗费用支付方式是农村育龄女性生殖道感染知识、信念和行为的主要影响因素(P<0.01),有统计学意义。
(3)方差分析结果显示：干预一个月时,与对照组相比,干预一组与二组的各维度得分及总分均存在显著性差异(P<0.01),有统计学意义；干预一组与二组之间总分、信念及行为维度的得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；干预三个月时,干预一组与二组和对照组相比在总分及各维度得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预一组和二组之间得分差异无统计学意义。重复测量的方差分析结果显示：干预效应或时间效应引起的农村育龄女性生殖道感染总分及各维度得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且得分在干预效应和时间效应之间存在交互作用(P<0.05)。
结论：
(1)本文的调查显示湖南省农村育龄女性生殖道感染知信行水平一般,年龄、文化程度、以及丈夫文化程度与职业和家庭收入、医疗费用支付方式是其主要的影响因素。
(2)干预时间大于一个月的以健康信念为主的干预或知信行一体的干预均可有效提高农村育龄女性生殖道感染的知信行水平,有利于防治育龄女性生殖道感染。知信行一体的干预在短期内促进健康行为改变的效果优于健康信念为主的干预。
Objective:This article investigate to human rural women of childbearing age genital infection status by the baseline survey, and analysis the factors which influence child-bearing age femela's KAP (Knowledge, Belief and Attitude, Practice) of genital tract infection; and based on the investigation of the intervention plans pertinence intervene, verify the validity of the intervention plans.
Methods:This paper based on the theory of health plans and beliefs, the action theory as guidance obtain cross-sectional survey of hunan rural women of childbearing age reproductive tract infection status of knowledge, used the T test, and the single factor analysis of variance and multi-factor linear regression analysis affect the region rural women of childbearing age genital infection knowledge, beliefs and behavioral factors, adopted parallel control design, by repeated measurements of variance analysis comparing with two intervention group control in before and after the intervention of the reproductive tract infection helps change.
In July-August 2010, carried a pre-surveys on 60 reproductive age female in rural area with "women of childbearing age with the knowledge of reproductive tract infections, behavior and health belief questionnaire" to determine the questionnaire for women of reproductive age in rural areas of reproductive tract infection KAP investigation.
In September-November 2010, investigation the reproductive tract infection KAP of 500 reproductive age women in rural areas of Liuyang,Yiyang, Hengyang, Shaoyang in Hunan Province by the methods of cluster sampling.
In November 2010-February 2011, selected 90 childbearing age wo wen in Qijiang village of Shaoyang city for the study, and randomly divided into a control group and two intervention group (n= 30). On the basis of baseline survey result, I developed intervention programs of KAP. The first intervention group provided health-related material and lectures of reproductive tract infections, mainly for improved the health knowledge and beliefs; The second intervention group has provided special consultation and regular follow-up telephone or visits, and established discussion group of genital tract infections other than the first intervention group, which improved knowledge and attitude、prictice in all. In the One month and three months of intervention, I surveyed the intervention group and control group by questionnaire, compared the scores before and after intervention to assess the intervention effect.
Results:(1) The baseline survey results show the average KAP score for reproductive tract infections of childbearing age women in Hunan rural area is 122.68, and the total highest score is 168.00, the KAP level is general and should be improved. (2) ANOVA analysis showed that childbearing age women in Hunan rural area with different age groups, occupation and her husband with different educational level and occupation, and with different family income, medical expenses payment whose total scale scores and scores on some dimensions were significant differences (P<0.05), with statistically significant; Multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational level, husband education, family income, medical expenses payment are the main factors affecting the reproductive tract infection KAP of childbearing age women in rural areas (P<0.01), with statistically significant. (3) ANOVA analysis showed after one month intervention, comparing with the control group, the first and the second group in dimension and total score have significantly difference (p<0.01). The significantly difference between the first group and the second group in dimension of total score, beliefs and behavior has statistical significance. After three months intervention, the first and the second group in dimension and total score have significantly difference comparing with the control group (p<0.05).Repeated measures analysis of variance showed the significantly difference of total score and in dimension lead by time or intervention effect, between the intervention and time effect has an interaction (P<0.05).
Conclusions:(1)This study shows the reproductive tract infection KAP lever of childbearing age female in rural areas of Hunan Province in is general; and the age, educational level, occupation, educational level and vocational of her husband, household income, medical expenses payment was the main effect factor. (2) Intervention Integrated knowledge, attitude and practice can improved the reproductive tract infection KAP level of childbearing age female in rural areas effectively. The intervention is able to improve the reproductive tract infection in women of reproductive age in rural areas KAP level by over one month intervention.
引文
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