输电线路导线悬挂高度对导线覆冰影响的研究
摘要
输电线路覆冰导致的故障是国内外电力系统的严重自然灾害之一。近几年来,我国输电线路因覆冰引起的故障频频发生,威胁着电力系统的安全稳定运行,给国民经济带来巨大的损失。因此,研究输电线路覆冰机理,影响因素及防冰除冰措施具有重要实际意义。
本文着重研究提高导线的悬挂高度对导线覆冰的影响,同时对覆冰机理和覆冰预测模型进行了探讨。输电导线悬挂高度的升高影响着导线覆冰的几个条件:空气温度、风速、空气中或云中过冷却水滴直径、空气中液态水含量等。不同高度气象条件下的覆冰试验结果表明这些条件的变化会促使导线覆冰的形成,导线覆冰会随高度的增加而增多。由于近地面地理状况及气象条件的不同,必需对覆冰地点进行相对高度订正,提出了覆冰地点相对高度订正系数计算式,以便能更准确地预测当地的覆冰厚度。
对几种常用防冰、除冰方法进行了对比研究。除冰方法综合性能的评价可从以下几个方面考虑:可应用于架空线的程度;能耗;除冰效果;成本及运作价格。
The icing of the transmission lines causes power system fault which is one of seriously natural tragedies in the world. In recent years, power system faults have occurred frequently because of icing on transmission lines. Icing threatens the safety of power system, and causes enormous losses of national economy, Therefore, the research on the icing mechanism, the icing factors it involved,the measures of anti-icing and deicing has an important engineering significance.
This thesis focuses on the effect of icing conductor for elevating the height of transmission lines. Elevating the height of transmission lines has effect on several factors of conductor’s icing, such as the temperature of atmosphere, the wind velocity, the diameter of super-cooled droplets, the liquid water content in the air. Icing experiments under the condition of different weather factors show that the change of these factors contribute to conductor’s icing. The higher the conductor, the more icing on it. Since the different of the geographical feature and meteorological condition, the conductor’s icing must be corrected according to the height of conductor, so the corrected coefficient of local height is presented to calculate thickness of local ice more accurately.
Comparing several methods of anti-icing and deicing, the feasibility has been appraised by the energy consumption, the effect of deicing, the cost and so on .
本文着重研究提高导线的悬挂高度对导线覆冰的影响,同时对覆冰机理和覆冰预测模型进行了探讨。输电导线悬挂高度的升高影响着导线覆冰的几个条件:空气温度、风速、空气中或云中过冷却水滴直径、空气中液态水含量等。不同高度气象条件下的覆冰试验结果表明这些条件的变化会促使导线覆冰的形成,导线覆冰会随高度的增加而增多。由于近地面地理状况及气象条件的不同,必需对覆冰地点进行相对高度订正,提出了覆冰地点相对高度订正系数计算式,以便能更准确地预测当地的覆冰厚度。
对几种常用防冰、除冰方法进行了对比研究。除冰方法综合性能的评价可从以下几个方面考虑:可应用于架空线的程度;能耗;除冰效果;成本及运作价格。
The icing of the transmission lines causes power system fault which is one of seriously natural tragedies in the world. In recent years, power system faults have occurred frequently because of icing on transmission lines. Icing threatens the safety of power system, and causes enormous losses of national economy, Therefore, the research on the icing mechanism, the icing factors it involved,the measures of anti-icing and deicing has an important engineering significance.
This thesis focuses on the effect of icing conductor for elevating the height of transmission lines. Elevating the height of transmission lines has effect on several factors of conductor’s icing, such as the temperature of atmosphere, the wind velocity, the diameter of super-cooled droplets, the liquid water content in the air. Icing experiments under the condition of different weather factors show that the change of these factors contribute to conductor’s icing. The higher the conductor, the more icing on it. Since the different of the geographical feature and meteorological condition, the conductor’s icing must be corrected according to the height of conductor, so the corrected coefficient of local height is presented to calculate thickness of local ice more accurately.
Comparing several methods of anti-icing and deicing, the feasibility has been appraised by the energy consumption, the effect of deicing, the cost and so on .
引文
[1]胡毅.输电线路大范围冰害事故分析及对策.高电压技术,2005,31(4):14-15
[2]胡毅.输电线路运行故障分析与防治.北京:中国电力出版社,2007
[3]范吉河,蒋兴良,等.输电线路覆冰国内外研究现状.高电压技术,Vol30.No.1,2003(6):6-9
[4]蒋兴良,易辉.输电线路覆冰及防护.北京:中国电力出版社,2002
[5]谭冠日.电线结冰的若干个小气候特征的探讨.气象学报,1982
[6]龙小乐,鲍务均,郭应龙,吴庆鸣.输电导线覆冰研究.武汉水利电力大学学报,1996(10):102-107
[7]王守礼,刘恭德.地形对导线覆冰的影响.电力建设,1984(5)
[8]谢运华.导线覆冰的密度研究.中国电力,1998(1)
[9]王守礼.输电线路覆冰因素的研究与分析.电网技术,1994(7):18-24
[10]蒋兴良.带电导线覆冰及电场对导线覆冰的影响.高电压技术,1999(6):58-60
[11]王炜.输电线路水文勘测方法.水利电力出版社,1986
[12]刘纯,陆佳政,陈红东.湖南500kV输电线路覆冰倒塔原因分析.湖南电力,2005(5)
[13]张宏志.大面积导线覆冰舞动事故的调查与分析.东北电力技术,2001(12)
[14]D.W.Boyd,Icing of wires in Canada,National Research Council of Canada,Technical Report,No.317,Ottawa,Canada,1970
[15]P.M.Chaine and P.Skeates ,Ice accretion handbook(Freezing precipitation ),Industrial Meteorology-Study Ⅵ,Environmental Canada,Toronto,,Canada,1974
[16]P.Makkonen and J.W.Govoni,An analysis of selected ice accretion measurements on a wire at Mount Washington,Proceedings of the Forty-second Annual Eastern Snow Conference,Montreal,Canada,1985.
[17]Makkonen,L.Modelling of ice accretion on wires,Journ,clim,and App.Met,23(6),929-939,1984.
[18]Imai.Studies on ice accretion.Researches on Snow and Ice.1953,3(1):35-44
[19]Lenhard R W.An indirect method for estimating the weight of glaze on wires.Bull.Amer.Metor,soc,1995,36(3):1-5
[20]E.J.Godwin etal ,Predicting ice and snow loads for transmission lines ,Proceedings of the first IWAIS,1983,267-273
[21]Kathleen F.Jones,A simple model for freezing rain ice load,Preceedings of the 7th IWAIS,Canada,1996,412-416.
[22](捷)F.POPOLANSKYD等.捷克斯洛伐克冰风研究的成果及其在架空输电线中的应用.电力建设,1995(11): 56-61
[23]周迪,黄素逸.覆冰导线的风动研究.长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版), 2002(5):54-56
[24]孙才新,蒋兴良,熊启新,易辉.导线覆冰及其干湿增长临界分析.中国电机工程学报,2003(3):141-145
[25]谢运华.电线覆冰高度的研究进展.电力建设,1997(6):47-50
[26]刘和云,付俊萍,周迪,黄素逸,导线覆冰时收集系数的量纲分析.华中科技大学学报,2001(10):76-77
[27]腾中林.架空线路的结冰及冰厚计算.电力技术,1978(3)
[28]东北电力设计院.电力工程高压送电线路设计.北京:水利电力出版社,1992
[29]方国和,沈杰.荆门微气象区域输电线路设计覆冰研究.湖北电力,2005(12):20-24
[30]谢运华.设计覆冰荷载的计算.西南电力设计院.
[31]廖祥林.计算送电线路标准冰厚参数取值的研究.电力勘测.
[32]廖祥林.基本冰厚重现期换算系数.西南电力设计院.
[33]付显明.输电线路危害及防治措施.湖南电力,2006:63-64
[34]重覆冰区线路除冰综合措施的研究,总结报告,武汉高压研究所,1990,12
[35]蒋兴良,张丽华.输电线路除冰防冰技术综述.高电压技术,1994(3):73-76
[36]Boyd,D.,Electro-expulsion de-icing system & compound curve surface applications ,proceedings of the SAE/AHS Aircraft Icing Technology.Workshop ,Cleveland,Ohio,Septemper 1992.
[37]M.Landry,R.Beauchemin and A.Venne, “De-icing EHV overhead transmission lines using electromagnetic forces generated by moderate short-circuit currents”,2000 IEEE ESMO Conference ,montreal,2000.
[38] [9]B.H 亚力山德罗夫,B.A 阿莫萨夫,等.巴什基尔电网防治覆冰研究.电力安全技术,1999(1)
[39]戚大安.防治电网覆冰研究报告之三.
[40]湖南省电力系统防冻融冰规程,湖南省电力工业局,1998,12
[41]黄新波,孙钦东等.导线覆冰的力学分析与覆冰在线监测系统.电力系统自动化,2007(14):98-100
[42]徐青松,候炜,王孟龙.架空输电线路覆冰实时监测方案探讨.浙江电力,2007(3):9-12
[43]程其礼,张生权.输电线路抗覆冰.贵州电力技术,2005(2):7-9
[44]许源,刘人玮,李军.湖南电网防冻融冰体系改革之探讨.湖南电力,2003(5):24-27
[45]重冰区架空送电线路设计技术规程,覆冰文集,贵州省电力工业局,贵州省气象科研所出版,贵阳,1992年
[46]张晓东.输电线路重覆冰区抗冰设计探讨.中国农村水利水电,2002(8).
[47]胡小华,魏锡文,陈蓓,谢敏,陈宣呈.输电线路防覆冰涂料.涂料工业,2006(3)
[48]胡小华,魏锡文,陈蓓.输电线路防覆冰涂料的研究进展.保护材料,2006(3)
[49]陈及时.掌握导线覆冰临界电流做好预防措施.中国电力,1997:51-52
[2]胡毅.输电线路运行故障分析与防治.北京:中国电力出版社,2007
[3]范吉河,蒋兴良,等.输电线路覆冰国内外研究现状.高电压技术,Vol30.No.1,2003(6):6-9
[4]蒋兴良,易辉.输电线路覆冰及防护.北京:中国电力出版社,2002
[5]谭冠日.电线结冰的若干个小气候特征的探讨.气象学报,1982
[6]龙小乐,鲍务均,郭应龙,吴庆鸣.输电导线覆冰研究.武汉水利电力大学学报,1996(10):102-107
[7]王守礼,刘恭德.地形对导线覆冰的影响.电力建设,1984(5)
[8]谢运华.导线覆冰的密度研究.中国电力,1998(1)
[9]王守礼.输电线路覆冰因素的研究与分析.电网技术,1994(7):18-24
[10]蒋兴良.带电导线覆冰及电场对导线覆冰的影响.高电压技术,1999(6):58-60
[11]王炜.输电线路水文勘测方法.水利电力出版社,1986
[12]刘纯,陆佳政,陈红东.湖南500kV输电线路覆冰倒塔原因分析.湖南电力,2005(5)
[13]张宏志.大面积导线覆冰舞动事故的调查与分析.东北电力技术,2001(12)
[14]D.W.Boyd,Icing of wires in Canada,National Research Council of Canada,Technical Report,No.317,Ottawa,Canada,1970
[15]P.M.Chaine and P.Skeates ,Ice accretion handbook(Freezing precipitation ),Industrial Meteorology-Study Ⅵ,Environmental Canada,Toronto,,Canada,1974
[16]P.Makkonen and J.W.Govoni,An analysis of selected ice accretion measurements on a wire at Mount Washington,Proceedings of the Forty-second Annual Eastern Snow Conference,Montreal,Canada,1985.
[17]Makkonen,L.Modelling of ice accretion on wires,Journ,clim,and App.Met,23(6),929-939,1984.
[18]Imai.Studies on ice accretion.Researches on Snow and Ice.1953,3(1):35-44
[19]Lenhard R W.An indirect method for estimating the weight of glaze on wires.Bull.Amer.Metor,soc,1995,36(3):1-5
[20]E.J.Godwin etal ,Predicting ice and snow loads for transmission lines ,Proceedings of the first IWAIS,1983,267-273
[21]Kathleen F.Jones,A simple model for freezing rain ice load,Preceedings of the 7th IWAIS,Canada,1996,412-416.
[22](捷)F.POPOLANSKYD等.捷克斯洛伐克冰风研究的成果及其在架空输电线中的应用.电力建设,1995(11): 56-61
[23]周迪,黄素逸.覆冰导线的风动研究.长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版), 2002(5):54-56
[24]孙才新,蒋兴良,熊启新,易辉.导线覆冰及其干湿增长临界分析.中国电机工程学报,2003(3):141-145
[25]谢运华.电线覆冰高度的研究进展.电力建设,1997(6):47-50
[26]刘和云,付俊萍,周迪,黄素逸,导线覆冰时收集系数的量纲分析.华中科技大学学报,2001(10):76-77
[27]腾中林.架空线路的结冰及冰厚计算.电力技术,1978(3)
[28]东北电力设计院.电力工程高压送电线路设计.北京:水利电力出版社,1992
[29]方国和,沈杰.荆门微气象区域输电线路设计覆冰研究.湖北电力,2005(12):20-24
[30]谢运华.设计覆冰荷载的计算.西南电力设计院.
[31]廖祥林.计算送电线路标准冰厚参数取值的研究.电力勘测.
[32]廖祥林.基本冰厚重现期换算系数.西南电力设计院.
[33]付显明.输电线路危害及防治措施.湖南电力,2006:63-64
[34]重覆冰区线路除冰综合措施的研究,总结报告,武汉高压研究所,1990,12
[35]蒋兴良,张丽华.输电线路除冰防冰技术综述.高电压技术,1994(3):73-76
[36]Boyd,D.,Electro-expulsion de-icing system & compound curve surface applications ,proceedings of the SAE/AHS Aircraft Icing Technology.Workshop ,Cleveland,Ohio,Septemper 1992.
[37]M.Landry,R.Beauchemin and A.Venne, “De-icing EHV overhead transmission lines using electromagnetic forces generated by moderate short-circuit currents”,2000 IEEE ESMO Conference ,montreal,2000.
[38] [9]B.H 亚力山德罗夫,B.A 阿莫萨夫,等.巴什基尔电网防治覆冰研究.电力安全技术,1999(1)
[39]戚大安.防治电网覆冰研究报告之三.
[40]湖南省电力系统防冻融冰规程,湖南省电力工业局,1998,12
[41]黄新波,孙钦东等.导线覆冰的力学分析与覆冰在线监测系统.电力系统自动化,2007(14):98-100
[42]徐青松,候炜,王孟龙.架空输电线路覆冰实时监测方案探讨.浙江电力,2007(3):9-12
[43]程其礼,张生权.输电线路抗覆冰.贵州电力技术,2005(2):7-9
[44]许源,刘人玮,李军.湖南电网防冻融冰体系改革之探讨.湖南电力,2003(5):24-27
[45]重冰区架空送电线路设计技术规程,覆冰文集,贵州省电力工业局,贵州省气象科研所出版,贵阳,1992年
[46]张晓东.输电线路重覆冰区抗冰设计探讨.中国农村水利水电,2002(8).
[47]胡小华,魏锡文,陈蓓,谢敏,陈宣呈.输电线路防覆冰涂料.涂料工业,2006(3)
[48]胡小华,魏锡文,陈蓓.输电线路防覆冰涂料的研究进展.保护材料,2006(3)
[49]陈及时.掌握导线覆冰临界电流做好预防措施.中国电力,1997:51-52