鼠笼式异步风力发电机的优化控制
|
摘要
鼠笼式异步电机风力发电系统包括恒速运行的失速型风力发电系统以及由鼠笼异步电机和背靠背的四象限变流器组成的变速恒频风力发电系统,他们的共同点是都存在齿轮箱-传动轴这一脆弱环节,在频繁的转矩冲击和大幅度波动下容易损坏。论文中系统地研究了以鼠笼式异步电机作为发电机的一类风力发电系统中,传动链的受冲击情况以及以减少转矩冲击、提高风能利用率为目的的控制方式优化研究。
论文中首先结合与金风科技合作开展的750kW失速型风力发电机组受冲击情况测量及控制参数优化的工作,对750kW失速型风力发电机组传动系统建立了精确的柔性数学模型,在此模型的基础上,对机组并网,停机过程进行了仿真。结合风场实验数据,分析了机组并网时产生电冲击、机械冲击的原因和解决方案;提出了基于转速梯度法和分段控制的并网控制策略。对停机时的冲击以及转矩震荡进行了分析,对停机过程进行优化。经过控制优化,大大改善了s48/750kW机组的运行可靠性。
针对由鼠笼异步电机组成的变速恒频风力发电系统,建立了变速变距风力发电机组吸收风功率的模型。对并网和停机时的传动链受力情况进行了分析;对运行过程的转速控制方式和转矩控制方式下的工作情况和转矩冲击进行了详细研究,指出各自特点及适用范围。讨论了在转速控制方式下,减小由风速突变而引起的转矩冲击的方法。
为转速控制方式提出了基于专家系统的改进型MPPT控制算法,讨论了该方法的实现,以及该方法在力矩控制方式中的应用。针对基于专家系统的MPPT设计了一种基于混合灵敏度函数的转速调节器,验证了该调节器的性能以及能够减少干扰带来的转矩波动。给出了改进型MPPT控制方法的仿真验证结果,表明该方法具有很好的快速性,稳定性和更高的风能利用率。
建立了电网侧逆变器的状态空间模型,在该模型的基础上讨论了开关频率固定的电流跟踪控制方法,并利用级数的方法证明了该方案的稳定性。并使用自寻优的方法确定了控制环节的参数,使系统具备了更好的动态响应。
根据风力发电系统的特点,讨论了基于转子磁场间接定向电流型矢量控制系统。分析了这种方法应用在风力发电中所涉及到的各个环节。论文分析了电流跟踪控制方法在感应电机控制中的应用,并且将FIR数字滤波器应用在其中,使用FIR数字滤波器,使得电流跟踪控制方法得以实现,并且提高了系统的稳定性和抗干扰性。
构建了室内模拟风力发电的实验系统,简洁而有效。针对论文提出的方法进行了实验,给出了实验结果。
The dissertation focuses on the torque analysis on transmission system and control optimization to reduce torque shock,and improve the utilization of the wind power,when apply the squirrel cage asynchronous motor(SCAM) in wind power generation system.The SCAM wind power generation system conclude two kinds of scheme:stall regulated wind power system which run at fixed speed,and variable speed constant frequency wind power system(VSCF),which combined with SCIM and back to back 4 quadrant converter.The two kinds of system both include the gear box and transmission shafts,which is a weak point,and easy to be damaged.
Combine with the work of the optimization control of the 750kW wind turbine, the flexible shaft model of the 750kW stall regulated wind power system is set up. Using this model,procedure of cut-in and cut-off are simulated.With the experimental data in wind farm,the causes of the electrical and mechanical shock while cut-in are analyzed.Also the solutions to reduce the shock are given out.Speed gradient and sectional control methods are put forward to optimize the cut-in procedure.Torque oscillation while cut-off is analyzed,and procedure of cut-off is optimized to reduce the oscillation.Through these measures,the operation reliability of s48/750kW wind turbine is improved greatly.
The wind power absorption model of VSCF system is built up.Procedure of cut-in and cut-off for VSCF system and torque on transmission system are simulated. The speed control mode and torque control mode are given out in operation procedure. The two modes are compared in detail.The method to reduce the torque shock while change of the wind speed is researched.
Maximum power point tracking(MPPT) Control algorithm based on expert system is proposed for speed control mode.Swiftness,stability,and efficiency of this method are tested by simulation and experiment.Using mixed sensitivity function,a speed regulator is designed for the MPPT block.Torque shock brought by speed measure error and MPPT disturbers brought by speed fluctuate are reduced greatly.
The space model of 4-quadrant converter(4QC) is used to analyze the current PWM method of supply side converter.The stability of this method is proved.Using self-optimized method,the control parameters are determined.
An indirect vector-control system of SCIG is presented in this dissertation according to feature of wind power system.Current PWM control method is applied in the control of the machine.The FIR is used in the system to obtain the reliability and stability.
An experiment system was built up in the lab,which can simulate the wind power generation conveniently.The experiment result and simulation result are give out.
论文中首先结合与金风科技合作开展的750kW失速型风力发电机组受冲击情况测量及控制参数优化的工作,对750kW失速型风力发电机组传动系统建立了精确的柔性数学模型,在此模型的基础上,对机组并网,停机过程进行了仿真。结合风场实验数据,分析了机组并网时产生电冲击、机械冲击的原因和解决方案;提出了基于转速梯度法和分段控制的并网控制策略。对停机时的冲击以及转矩震荡进行了分析,对停机过程进行优化。经过控制优化,大大改善了s48/750kW机组的运行可靠性。
针对由鼠笼异步电机组成的变速恒频风力发电系统,建立了变速变距风力发电机组吸收风功率的模型。对并网和停机时的传动链受力情况进行了分析;对运行过程的转速控制方式和转矩控制方式下的工作情况和转矩冲击进行了详细研究,指出各自特点及适用范围。讨论了在转速控制方式下,减小由风速突变而引起的转矩冲击的方法。
为转速控制方式提出了基于专家系统的改进型MPPT控制算法,讨论了该方法的实现,以及该方法在力矩控制方式中的应用。针对基于专家系统的MPPT设计了一种基于混合灵敏度函数的转速调节器,验证了该调节器的性能以及能够减少干扰带来的转矩波动。给出了改进型MPPT控制方法的仿真验证结果,表明该方法具有很好的快速性,稳定性和更高的风能利用率。
建立了电网侧逆变器的状态空间模型,在该模型的基础上讨论了开关频率固定的电流跟踪控制方法,并利用级数的方法证明了该方案的稳定性。并使用自寻优的方法确定了控制环节的参数,使系统具备了更好的动态响应。
根据风力发电系统的特点,讨论了基于转子磁场间接定向电流型矢量控制系统。分析了这种方法应用在风力发电中所涉及到的各个环节。论文分析了电流跟踪控制方法在感应电机控制中的应用,并且将FIR数字滤波器应用在其中,使用FIR数字滤波器,使得电流跟踪控制方法得以实现,并且提高了系统的稳定性和抗干扰性。
构建了室内模拟风力发电的实验系统,简洁而有效。针对论文提出的方法进行了实验,给出了实验结果。
The dissertation focuses on the torque analysis on transmission system and control optimization to reduce torque shock,and improve the utilization of the wind power,when apply the squirrel cage asynchronous motor(SCAM) in wind power generation system.The SCAM wind power generation system conclude two kinds of scheme:stall regulated wind power system which run at fixed speed,and variable speed constant frequency wind power system(VSCF),which combined with SCIM and back to back 4 quadrant converter.The two kinds of system both include the gear box and transmission shafts,which is a weak point,and easy to be damaged.
Combine with the work of the optimization control of the 750kW wind turbine, the flexible shaft model of the 750kW stall regulated wind power system is set up. Using this model,procedure of cut-in and cut-off are simulated.With the experimental data in wind farm,the causes of the electrical and mechanical shock while cut-in are analyzed.Also the solutions to reduce the shock are given out.Speed gradient and sectional control methods are put forward to optimize the cut-in procedure.Torque oscillation while cut-off is analyzed,and procedure of cut-off is optimized to reduce the oscillation.Through these measures,the operation reliability of s48/750kW wind turbine is improved greatly.
The wind power absorption model of VSCF system is built up.Procedure of cut-in and cut-off for VSCF system and torque on transmission system are simulated. The speed control mode and torque control mode are given out in operation procedure. The two modes are compared in detail.The method to reduce the torque shock while change of the wind speed is researched.
Maximum power point tracking(MPPT) Control algorithm based on expert system is proposed for speed control mode.Swiftness,stability,and efficiency of this method are tested by simulation and experiment.Using mixed sensitivity function,a speed regulator is designed for the MPPT block.Torque shock brought by speed measure error and MPPT disturbers brought by speed fluctuate are reduced greatly.
The space model of 4-quadrant converter(4QC) is used to analyze the current PWM method of supply side converter.The stability of this method is proved.Using self-optimized method,the control parameters are determined.
An indirect vector-control system of SCIG is presented in this dissertation according to feature of wind power system.Current PWM control method is applied in the control of the machine.The FIR is used in the system to obtain the reliability and stability.
An experiment system was built up in the lab,which can simulate the wind power generation conveniently.The experiment result and simulation result are give out.
引文
[1]European Wind Energy Association Website.http://www.ewea.org.2006.5
[2]2007年世界风电发展.2007.5 P6
[3]中国风能协会网站.http://www.cwea.org.cn/.2007.9
[4]宋正良.世界风力发电发展概况[J].上海大中型电机,2004年 第2期:1-3.
[5]倪受元.风力发电用的发电机及风力发电系统[J].太阳能,2000年 第4期:12-17
[6]IDS.Converter system for variable speed wind power plants from 600kw to 2500kw.IDS Website.
[7]Manwell J F,McGowan J G,Rogers A L.Wind energy explained.John Wiley&Sons,LTD,2003
[8]西班牙EHN公司风电项目开发、运行、维护的演讲[C].第三界世界风能大会.2004.11.
[9]倪受元.风力机的工作原理和气动力特性[J].太阳能,2000年第3期:12-16.
[10]倪振华.振动力学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1989.5
[11]金风科技网站.http://www.goldwind.cn/cn/index.asp.
[12]Yoshikazu Higuchi,Naoki Yamamura,Muneaki Ishida,Takamasa Hori.An Improvement of Performance for Small-Scaled Wind Power Generating System with Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Generator[C].Industrial Electronics Society,2000.IECON 2000.26th Annual Conference of the IEEE,.2000(2):1037-1043.
[13]Remus Teodorescu,Frede Blaabjerg.Flexible Control of Small Wind Turbines With Grid Failure Detection Operating in Stand-Alone and Grid-Connected Mode[J].IEEE transactions on power electronics,2004(5):1323-1332
[14]R.Pena,R.Cardenas,R.Blasco,G.Asher,J.Clare,A cage induction generator using back-to-back PWM converters for variable speed grid connected wind energy system[C].Proc.IECON 2001 Conf,2001(2):1376-1381.
[15]Abo-Khalil,A.G,Dong-Choon Lee,Jul-Ki Seok.Variable speed wind power generation system based on fuzzy logic control for maximum output power tracking[C].Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2004.PESC 04.IEEE 35th Annual.2004(3):2039-2043.
[16]Muljadi Eduard,Butterfield.C.P.Pitch-controlled variable-speed wind turbine generation[J].IEEE trans on industry applications,vol 37,no 1,january/february 2001:240-246.
[17]Muljadi E,Pierce K and Migliore P G.Control strategy for variable speed stall regulated wind turbines[C].Proc.17th American Control Conf.,vol.3,1998,pp:1710-1714.
[18]Bhowmik Shibashis,Spee Rene and Johan H R Enslin.Performance optimization for doubly fed wind power generation systems[J].IEEE Trans.on IA,vol35,no 4,July/August 1999:949-958.
[19]Chedid R,Mrad F and Basma M.Intelligent control of a class of wind energy conversion systems[J].IEEE Trans.on Energy Convesion,vol 14,no 4,Dec 1999.pp:1597-1604.
[20]Buehring I K,Freris L L.Control Policies for Wind-Energy Conversion System[J].IEE Proc.,1981,128(5):253-261.
[21]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[22]孙同景.200kW风力发电机控制系统研究.太阳能学报,1998(1):48-53
[23]Jones.R,Smith.G.A.High quality mains power from variable-speed wind turbines[A].renewable energy[C].IEE Conf Pub,1993(11).202-206.
[24]胡中楫,皱伯敏等编.最优控制原理及应用[M].浙江:浙江大学出版社,1987.76-82.
[25]Shaltout A.A.,E1 Ramahi A.F.Maximum power tracking for a wind driven induction generator connected to a utility network[J].Applied Energy,1995,52(2-3):243-253.
[26]Bhowmik Shibashis,Spee Rene.Wind speed estimation based variable speed wind power generation[C].IECON Proceedings(Industrial Electronics Conference),1998,2:596-601.
[27]闰耀民,范瑜,汪至中.永磁同步电机风力发电系统的自寻优控制[J].电工技术学报,2002(6):82-86.
[28]Quincy Wang,Liucheng Chang.An intelligent maximum power extraction algorithm for reverter-based variable speed wind turbine system[J].IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics,Vol.19,2004(9):2481-2485.
[29]杨金明,吴捷.基于无源性理论的风力机最大风能捕获控制[J].太阳能学报,2003(5):724-728.
[30]杨金明,吴捷.基于自抗扰控制器的风力发电系统的最大风能捕获控制[J].太阳能学报,2004(4):525-529.
[31]杨俊华,吴捷.现代控制技术在风能转换系统中的应用[J].太阳能学报,2004(4):530～541
[32]王松.一种基于神经网络的光伏电源最大功率控制系统[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2004(4):45-48。
[33]R.Datta and V.T.Ranganathan.A method of tracking the peak powerpoints for a variable speed wind energy conversion system[J],IEEE Trans.Energy Conversion,vol.18,2003(3):163-168,Mar.2003.
[34]S.Song,S.Kang,and N.Hahm.Implementation and control of grid connected AC-DC-AC power converter for variable speed wind energy conversion system[C],IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2003.APEC '03.Eighteenth Annual Volume 1,9-13 Feb.2003(1):154-158.
[35]Esmaili.R,Xu.L,and Nichols.O.K.ANew Control Method of Permanent Magnet Generator for Maximum Power Tracking in Wind Turbine Application[C],power engineering society general meeting,2005.IEEE,2005(3):2090-2095.
[36]Li Shuhui,Wansch,Donald C.Edgar A.O'Hair.Using neural networks to estimate wind turbine power generation[J].IEEE Trans.Energy Conversion,2001(16):276-282.
[37]Simoes,Marcelo Godoy Bose Bimal K,Spiegel Ronald J.Design and performance evaluation of a fuzzy-logic-based variable-speed wind generation system[J].IEEE Trans.Industry Aplications,1997(33):956-965.
[38]Investigation of a matrix converter-excited variable-speed constant-frequency wind-power generation systemiC].Proceeding of the CSEE,2002(11):100-105.
[39]丁永生.计算智能-理论、技术与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004,8:204-233.
[40]Stuart Russell,Peter Norvig.Artificial Intelligence:A Modern Approach(Second Edition.)[M].Harlow:Prentice Hall.2002.
[41]李士勇.模糊控制、神经控制和智能控制论[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1996.
[42]刘明基,姚郁,王子才,方强.逆变器死区时间对永磁同步电动机系统的影响[J].微特电机,2001(3):12-15.
[43]贾要勤,曹秉刚,杨仲庆.风力机模拟平台的MPPT快速响应控制方法[J].太阳能学报,2004(3):364-370.
[44]解学书,钟宜生.H_(∞)控制理论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994.
[45]Postlethwaite I.Weighting function selection in H_(∞) design[C].Proc IFAC Conf Tallinn,Estonia,1992:104-109.
[46]贾要勤.风力发电系统的H_(∞)鲁棒控制研究[R].西安交通大学博士学位论文,2003.1.
[47]Doyle J C,Glover K,Hargoneger P K.State-space solution to standard H_2 and H_(∞) Control problem[C].Proceeding of the American Control Conference,Altlanta,1988:1691-1696.
[48]梁洁.一个专家控制系统的Matlab程序实现[J].微计算机信息,2007(3):258-260.
[49]Sugimoto H,et al.A high performance control method of a voltage-type PWM converter[C].IEEE PESC Record,1988:360-368.
[50]IEEE Working Group on Power System Harmonics.Power system harmonics:an overview[J].IEEE Trans.on Power Apparatus and Systems,1983(102):455-2459.
[51]王良.三相不平衡有源无功与高次谐波补偿器的研究[R].北方交通大学博士学位论文,1991.5.
[52]郝荣泰,张锡斌.交直交电力机车电源侧变流器——四象限变流器[J].铁道机车车辆,1982(2):1-9.
[53]李宝昌,刘志刚.电流滞环控制脉冲整流器在电子负载中的应用[J].电气传动自动化,2001(5):24-27.
[54]李永东.脉宽调制技术——回顾、现状、及展望.电气传动[M],1996(3):2-12.
[55]Zorgari N R,Joos G.Performance investigation of a current-controlled voltage regulated PWM rectifier in rotating and stationary[J].frames.IEEE Trans.IE-42(4),1995,pp:396-401.
[56]张加胜.电压型PWM四象限变流系统的研究[R].北方交通大学博士学位论文,1997.12.
[57]Emadi A.Modelling of power electronic loads in AC distribution systems using the generalized state space averaging method[C].Industrial Electronics Society,2001.IECON '01.IEEE,2001(2):1008-1014.
[58]Rahim N.A.,Saad M.,Mamat M.R.State space averaging technique of power converter with fuzzy logic controller[C].Power Electronics and Drive Systems Proceedings,1997 IEEE,1997(2):566-569.
[59]Nasiri A.,Emadi A.Modeling,simulation,and analysis of active filter systems using generalized state space averaging method[C].Industrial Electronics Society,2003.IECON '03.IEEE,2003(3):1999-2004.
[60]Wu Rusong,Dewan S B,and Slemon.A PWM ac to dc converter with fixed switching frequency[J].IEEE,IA-26(5),1990:880-885.
[61]Wu Rusong,Dewan S B,and Slemon.Analysis of an ac to dc voltage source converter using PWM with phase and amplitude control[J].IEEE,IAS,1989:1156-1163.
[62]Itoh R,Ishizake K.Three phase flyback ac-dc converter with sinusoidal supply currents[J].IEE Proceeding-B,1991(138):143-151
[63]孙虎章.自动控制原理(第二版)[M]..北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,1994.10.13-15.
[64]闫耀民.双馈调速风力发电系统[R].北京交通大学硕士学位论文 2000.4:52-55.
[65]王振永等.电机数学模型和参数识别[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1991.5
[66]陈坚.交流电机数学模型及调速系统[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1989.9
[67]高景德等.交流电机及其系统的分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1993.2
[68]王成元等.矢量控制交流伺服驱动电动机[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995.11
[69]陈伯时等.交流调速系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,199
[70]刘友梅.交流传动电力机车牵引发展的基础性技术.机车电传动,.2000(1):3-6.
[71]Peter Vas.Vector control of AC Machines[M]..Oxford:Clarendon Press,1990.7.
[72]I.Boldea.Vector control of AC Dives[M]..Boca Raton:FL CRC Press,1992.8.
[73]黄济荣.电力牵引交流传动与控制[M]..北京:机械工业出版社,1998.9.
[74]郭庆鼎等.异步电动机的矢量变换控制原理及应用[M]..沈阳:辽宁民族出版社 1998.6.
[75]符曦.感应电机矢量控制及应用[M]..北京:机械工业出版社,1986.4.
[76]孙涓涓,李永东.异步电机定子电压定向矢量控制系统的改进[J].电工技术学报.2002(4):29-33.
[77]B.K.Bose,姜建国等译.电力电子学与变频传动[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1999.3:157-211.
[78]李永东.交流电机数字控制系统[M].第一版 北京:机械工业出版社,2002.4:365-370.
[79]高景德,王祥珩,李发海.交流电机及其系统的分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1993..7.
[80]潘新民等.单片微型计算机实用系统设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1992.3.
[81]李杏春,徐平,李华等.8098单片机原理及实用接口技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.1996,9.
[82]吴湘淇.数字信号处理技术及应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1986.12.
[83]胡广书.数字信号处理-理论、算法与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.6.
[84]Diop A.D,Nichita C.,Belhache J.J.,Dakyo B.Modelling variable pitch HAWT characteristics for a real time wind turbine simulator[J].Wind Engineering,1999(23):225-243.
[85]Kojabadi Hossein Madadi,Chang Liuchen,Boutot Tobie.Developmont of a novel wind turbine simulator for wind energy conversion systems using an inverter-controlled induction motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2004(19):547-552.
[86]卞松江,潘再平,贺益康.风力机特性的直流电机模拟[J].太阳能学报.2003(6):360-364.
[87]David M Eggleston,Forrest S.Stoddard.Wind turbine engineeing design[M].New York:VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD COMPANY,1957:15-65
[88]顾绳谷.电机及拖动基础(第2版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1996.5.
[2]2007年世界风电发展.2007.5 P6
[3]中国风能协会网站.http://www.cwea.org.cn/.2007.9
[4]宋正良.世界风力发电发展概况[J].上海大中型电机,2004年 第2期:1-3.
[5]倪受元.风力发电用的发电机及风力发电系统[J].太阳能,2000年 第4期:12-17
[6]IDS.Converter system for variable speed wind power plants from 600kw to 2500kw.IDS Website.
[7]Manwell J F,McGowan J G,Rogers A L.Wind energy explained.John Wiley&Sons,LTD,2003
[8]西班牙EHN公司风电项目开发、运行、维护的演讲[C].第三界世界风能大会.2004.11.
[9]倪受元.风力机的工作原理和气动力特性[J].太阳能,2000年第3期:12-16.
[10]倪振华.振动力学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1989.5
[11]金风科技网站.http://www.goldwind.cn/cn/index.asp.
[12]Yoshikazu Higuchi,Naoki Yamamura,Muneaki Ishida,Takamasa Hori.An Improvement of Performance for Small-Scaled Wind Power Generating System with Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Generator[C].Industrial Electronics Society,2000.IECON 2000.26th Annual Conference of the IEEE,.2000(2):1037-1043.
[13]Remus Teodorescu,Frede Blaabjerg.Flexible Control of Small Wind Turbines With Grid Failure Detection Operating in Stand-Alone and Grid-Connected Mode[J].IEEE transactions on power electronics,2004(5):1323-1332
[14]R.Pena,R.Cardenas,R.Blasco,G.Asher,J.Clare,A cage induction generator using back-to-back PWM converters for variable speed grid connected wind energy system[C].Proc.IECON 2001 Conf,2001(2):1376-1381.
[15]Abo-Khalil,A.G,Dong-Choon Lee,Jul-Ki Seok.Variable speed wind power generation system based on fuzzy logic control for maximum output power tracking[C].Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2004.PESC 04.IEEE 35th Annual.2004(3):2039-2043.
[16]Muljadi Eduard,Butterfield.C.P.Pitch-controlled variable-speed wind turbine generation[J].IEEE trans on industry applications,vol 37,no 1,january/february 2001:240-246.
[17]Muljadi E,Pierce K and Migliore P G.Control strategy for variable speed stall regulated wind turbines[C].Proc.17th American Control Conf.,vol.3,1998,pp:1710-1714.
[18]Bhowmik Shibashis,Spee Rene and Johan H R Enslin.Performance optimization for doubly fed wind power generation systems[J].IEEE Trans.on IA,vol35,no 4,July/August 1999:949-958.
[19]Chedid R,Mrad F and Basma M.Intelligent control of a class of wind energy conversion systems[J].IEEE Trans.on Energy Convesion,vol 14,no 4,Dec 1999.pp:1597-1604.
[20]Buehring I K,Freris L L.Control Policies for Wind-Energy Conversion System[J].IEE Proc.,1981,128(5):253-261.
[21]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[22]孙同景.200kW风力发电机控制系统研究.太阳能学报,1998(1):48-53
[23]Jones.R,Smith.G.A.High quality mains power from variable-speed wind turbines[A].renewable energy[C].IEE Conf Pub,1993(11).202-206.
[24]胡中楫,皱伯敏等编.最优控制原理及应用[M].浙江:浙江大学出版社,1987.76-82.
[25]Shaltout A.A.,E1 Ramahi A.F.Maximum power tracking for a wind driven induction generator connected to a utility network[J].Applied Energy,1995,52(2-3):243-253.
[26]Bhowmik Shibashis,Spee Rene.Wind speed estimation based variable speed wind power generation[C].IECON Proceedings(Industrial Electronics Conference),1998,2:596-601.
[27]闰耀民,范瑜,汪至中.永磁同步电机风力发电系统的自寻优控制[J].电工技术学报,2002(6):82-86.
[28]Quincy Wang,Liucheng Chang.An intelligent maximum power extraction algorithm for reverter-based variable speed wind turbine system[J].IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics,Vol.19,2004(9):2481-2485.
[29]杨金明,吴捷.基于无源性理论的风力机最大风能捕获控制[J].太阳能学报,2003(5):724-728.
[30]杨金明,吴捷.基于自抗扰控制器的风力发电系统的最大风能捕获控制[J].太阳能学报,2004(4):525-529.
[31]杨俊华,吴捷.现代控制技术在风能转换系统中的应用[J].太阳能学报,2004(4):530～541
[32]王松.一种基于神经网络的光伏电源最大功率控制系统[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2004(4):45-48。
[33]R.Datta and V.T.Ranganathan.A method of tracking the peak powerpoints for a variable speed wind energy conversion system[J],IEEE Trans.Energy Conversion,vol.18,2003(3):163-168,Mar.2003.
[34]S.Song,S.Kang,and N.Hahm.Implementation and control of grid connected AC-DC-AC power converter for variable speed wind energy conversion system[C],IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2003.APEC '03.Eighteenth Annual Volume 1,9-13 Feb.2003(1):154-158.
[35]Esmaili.R,Xu.L,and Nichols.O.K.ANew Control Method of Permanent Magnet Generator for Maximum Power Tracking in Wind Turbine Application[C],power engineering society general meeting,2005.IEEE,2005(3):2090-2095.
[36]Li Shuhui,Wansch,Donald C.Edgar A.O'Hair.Using neural networks to estimate wind turbine power generation[J].IEEE Trans.Energy Conversion,2001(16):276-282.
[37]Simoes,Marcelo Godoy Bose Bimal K,Spiegel Ronald J.Design and performance evaluation of a fuzzy-logic-based variable-speed wind generation system[J].IEEE Trans.Industry Aplications,1997(33):956-965.
[38]Investigation of a matrix converter-excited variable-speed constant-frequency wind-power generation systemiC].Proceeding of the CSEE,2002(11):100-105.
[39]丁永生.计算智能-理论、技术与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004,8:204-233.
[40]Stuart Russell,Peter Norvig.Artificial Intelligence:A Modern Approach(Second Edition.)[M].Harlow:Prentice Hall.2002.
[41]李士勇.模糊控制、神经控制和智能控制论[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1996.
[42]刘明基,姚郁,王子才,方强.逆变器死区时间对永磁同步电动机系统的影响[J].微特电机,2001(3):12-15.
[43]贾要勤,曹秉刚,杨仲庆.风力机模拟平台的MPPT快速响应控制方法[J].太阳能学报,2004(3):364-370.
[44]解学书,钟宜生.H_(∞)控制理论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994.
[45]Postlethwaite I.Weighting function selection in H_(∞) design[C].Proc IFAC Conf Tallinn,Estonia,1992:104-109.
[46]贾要勤.风力发电系统的H_(∞)鲁棒控制研究[R].西安交通大学博士学位论文,2003.1.
[47]Doyle J C,Glover K,Hargoneger P K.State-space solution to standard H_2 and H_(∞) Control problem[C].Proceeding of the American Control Conference,Altlanta,1988:1691-1696.
[48]梁洁.一个专家控制系统的Matlab程序实现[J].微计算机信息,2007(3):258-260.
[49]Sugimoto H,et al.A high performance control method of a voltage-type PWM converter[C].IEEE PESC Record,1988:360-368.
[50]IEEE Working Group on Power System Harmonics.Power system harmonics:an overview[J].IEEE Trans.on Power Apparatus and Systems,1983(102):455-2459.
[51]王良.三相不平衡有源无功与高次谐波补偿器的研究[R].北方交通大学博士学位论文,1991.5.
[52]郝荣泰,张锡斌.交直交电力机车电源侧变流器——四象限变流器[J].铁道机车车辆,1982(2):1-9.
[53]李宝昌,刘志刚.电流滞环控制脉冲整流器在电子负载中的应用[J].电气传动自动化,2001(5):24-27.
[54]李永东.脉宽调制技术——回顾、现状、及展望.电气传动[M],1996(3):2-12.
[55]Zorgari N R,Joos G.Performance investigation of a current-controlled voltage regulated PWM rectifier in rotating and stationary[J].frames.IEEE Trans.IE-42(4),1995,pp:396-401.
[56]张加胜.电压型PWM四象限变流系统的研究[R].北方交通大学博士学位论文,1997.12.
[57]Emadi A.Modelling of power electronic loads in AC distribution systems using the generalized state space averaging method[C].Industrial Electronics Society,2001.IECON '01.IEEE,2001(2):1008-1014.
[58]Rahim N.A.,Saad M.,Mamat M.R.State space averaging technique of power converter with fuzzy logic controller[C].Power Electronics and Drive Systems Proceedings,1997 IEEE,1997(2):566-569.
[59]Nasiri A.,Emadi A.Modeling,simulation,and analysis of active filter systems using generalized state space averaging method[C].Industrial Electronics Society,2003.IECON '03.IEEE,2003(3):1999-2004.
[60]Wu Rusong,Dewan S B,and Slemon.A PWM ac to dc converter with fixed switching frequency[J].IEEE,IA-26(5),1990:880-885.
[61]Wu Rusong,Dewan S B,and Slemon.Analysis of an ac to dc voltage source converter using PWM with phase and amplitude control[J].IEEE,IAS,1989:1156-1163.
[62]Itoh R,Ishizake K.Three phase flyback ac-dc converter with sinusoidal supply currents[J].IEE Proceeding-B,1991(138):143-151
[63]孙虎章.自动控制原理(第二版)[M]..北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,1994.10.13-15.
[64]闫耀民.双馈调速风力发电系统[R].北京交通大学硕士学位论文 2000.4:52-55.
[65]王振永等.电机数学模型和参数识别[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1991.5
[66]陈坚.交流电机数学模型及调速系统[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1989.9
[67]高景德等.交流电机及其系统的分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1993.2
[68]王成元等.矢量控制交流伺服驱动电动机[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995.11
[69]陈伯时等.交流调速系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,199
[70]刘友梅.交流传动电力机车牵引发展的基础性技术.机车电传动,.2000(1):3-6.
[71]Peter Vas.Vector control of AC Machines[M]..Oxford:Clarendon Press,1990.7.
[72]I.Boldea.Vector control of AC Dives[M]..Boca Raton:FL CRC Press,1992.8.
[73]黄济荣.电力牵引交流传动与控制[M]..北京:机械工业出版社,1998.9.
[74]郭庆鼎等.异步电动机的矢量变换控制原理及应用[M]..沈阳:辽宁民族出版社 1998.6.
[75]符曦.感应电机矢量控制及应用[M]..北京:机械工业出版社,1986.4.
[76]孙涓涓,李永东.异步电机定子电压定向矢量控制系统的改进[J].电工技术学报.2002(4):29-33.
[77]B.K.Bose,姜建国等译.电力电子学与变频传动[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1999.3:157-211.
[78]李永东.交流电机数字控制系统[M].第一版 北京:机械工业出版社,2002.4:365-370.
[79]高景德,王祥珩,李发海.交流电机及其系统的分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1993..7.
[80]潘新民等.单片微型计算机实用系统设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1992.3.
[81]李杏春,徐平,李华等.8098单片机原理及实用接口技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.1996,9.
[82]吴湘淇.数字信号处理技术及应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1986.12.
[83]胡广书.数字信号处理-理论、算法与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.6.
[84]Diop A.D,Nichita C.,Belhache J.J.,Dakyo B.Modelling variable pitch HAWT characteristics for a real time wind turbine simulator[J].Wind Engineering,1999(23):225-243.
[85]Kojabadi Hossein Madadi,Chang Liuchen,Boutot Tobie.Developmont of a novel wind turbine simulator for wind energy conversion systems using an inverter-controlled induction motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2004(19):547-552.
[86]卞松江,潘再平,贺益康.风力机特性的直流电机模拟[J].太阳能学报.2003(6):360-364.
[87]David M Eggleston,Forrest S.Stoddard.Wind turbine engineeing design[M].New York:VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD COMPANY,1957:15-65
[88]顾绳谷.电机及拖动基础(第2版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1996.5.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |