营养盐富集型人工湿地系统脱氮除磷能力研究
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摘要
我国水体富营养化形势严峻。氮磷是引发水体富营养化的重要营养源。本论文研究依托水专项湖泊主题“富营养化初期湖泊(洱海)水污染综合防治技术及工程示范项目,上游入湖河流净化及沿河低污染水的生态处理技术及工程示范课题——河口湿地强化净化与生态修复技术及工程示范子课题(2008ZX07105-003-3)”,采用人工湿地技术削减入湖河流氮磷营养盐。论文研究针对入湖河流低营养盐的水质特点,以及人工湿地技术基质和植物对低营养盐去除能力不足的问题,开展营养盐富集型人工湿地去除氮磷的研究。
本文的主要研究的内容有:(1)适用于人工湿地系统的植物筛选研究,包括备选植物的育种试验和栽培试验研究。(2)用于人工湿地系统的基质氮磷吸附能力的研究,并通过构建三部分模拟人工湿地系统,包括盆栽试验,立柱试验和水箱试验,对比研究在间歇流与连续流条件下,在垂直流与水平流条件下,在不同的水力停留时间条件下,以及不同的基质铺设条件下,营养盐富集型人工湿地系统脱氮除磷能力的试验研究。
(3)针对洱海罗时江现场示范工程,设计入湖河流人工湿地系统。研究表明,在植物的筛选方面,温度适宜的条件下(15°C以上),空心菜的繁殖、生长都很旺盛,而且在与其他植物种属的竞争生长中处于优势,并且空心菜能够通过分蘖的方式,最终生物量非常大。但是在低温的冬季时节(温度-5~15°C),空心菜无法成活,芦苇和绿萝则表现出较强的耐寒生命力。
在氮磷去除方面,试验所比较的四种基质中,水化硅酸钙对于磷的去除能力非常突出,静态试验中对磷的去除效果在97%以上。蛭石对于氨氮去除能力最强。在人工湿地中,除了基质本身作用外,植物和微生物也会影响到系统的净化效果。混合方式对试验中的模拟人工湿地系统的氮磷的去除效果影响并不明显,去除率差距在5%左右。但是实际项目中,水平分段敷设的人工湿地基质更有利于现场项目的实施。在水力停留时间为18h时,对人工湿地系统总氮的去除效果平均达到80%以上,超过单一基质静态试验及盆栽试验,对总磷的去除也稳定的达到75%以上。模拟湿地系统能够将微污染的河水从劣V类净化至II类水标准,富营养状态从重度富营养化降为中营养状态。
在试验研究的基础上,并结合洱海罗时江现场示范工程,设计了处理流量8000m3/d的入湖河流人工湿地系统,用于检验课题研究的科学性,为富营养化初期湖泊的生态控制技术提供实践参考。
Water eutrophication is a global environmental problem. Especially in the urban landscape water and the surrounding waters, where is widespread havary-nutrition or eutrophication status. Nowadays, the lake eutrophication problem is not merely the pure water pollution problems, but is becoming the major problem which is influencing the national economy and the people's livelihood. This article takes the Water Special Project lake subject Yunnan Dali state Erhai basin comprehensive improvement project (2008ZX07105- 003-3) as a backing, based on the constructed wetland technology, combined nitrogen phosphorus adsorption technology is used for the water body eutrophication control technology research of lake inflow rivers. Through this topic research, provides a reference basis for project topics, and provides a new approach for the ecological eutrophication control technology.
In this paper the main research contents include: (1) The plant screening research, including alternative plant breeding experimental research and cultivation research. (2) Study of substrates base nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption ability. (3) Through the construction of third-level simulation wetland system, comparative study on the intermittent flow and continuous flow conditions, In vertical flow with horizontal flow conditions, In different hydraulic remain time conditions, under different substrates laid condition, Nutrient enrichment hydroponic wetland system nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacity were studied. (4) The hydroponic wetland system design, including the optimal analog wetland system model design and engineering practice of artificial wetland technology graphic design.
The research indicates that, in plant screening, under suitable conditions (at least the temperature is 15°C above); Water spinach's life superiority is strong. But under the cool condition (the temperature between -5 and 15°C), the reed and the green radish's vitality are stronger than the water spinach. Plant's choice needs to give dual attention to the nitrogen phosphorus elimination ability, the landscape effect as well as economical back coupling effectiveness. In the nitrogen phosphorus elimination aspect, the hydrated calcium silicate has the prominent phosphorus elimination ability, in static state adsorption test; the phosphorus elimination rate is above 97%.The vermiculite shows the strongest ammonia nitrogen elimination ability. In The constructed wetland, besides the substrates themselves, the plants and the microorganism have also played the remarkable role. The mixed mode to wetland system's nitrogen and phosphorus elimination effect is not so obvious. In hydraulic remain time for 24h, the average removal efficiency of TN reached over 80%, Far more than the single substrate static test and potted experiment. The removal rate of phosphate is also over 75%. Can achieve the micro pollution river water from the poor V kind of purification water leakage II kind of water standard, but the dephosphorization potential of hydration calcium silicate in the construct- ed wetland is far from fulfilled.
In experimental study's foundation, and unifies Erhai LuoShi River the scene demonstration project, designed processing current capacity 8000m3/d to enter the lake rivers constructed wetland system, used in examining the topic research the scientific nature, provided the practice reference for the eutrophication initial period lake's ecology control technology.
本文的主要研究的内容有:(1)适用于人工湿地系统的植物筛选研究,包括备选植物的育种试验和栽培试验研究。(2)用于人工湿地系统的基质氮磷吸附能力的研究,并通过构建三部分模拟人工湿地系统,包括盆栽试验,立柱试验和水箱试验,对比研究在间歇流与连续流条件下,在垂直流与水平流条件下,在不同的水力停留时间条件下,以及不同的基质铺设条件下,营养盐富集型人工湿地系统脱氮除磷能力的试验研究。
(3)针对洱海罗时江现场示范工程,设计入湖河流人工湿地系统。研究表明,在植物的筛选方面,温度适宜的条件下(15°C以上),空心菜的繁殖、生长都很旺盛,而且在与其他植物种属的竞争生长中处于优势,并且空心菜能够通过分蘖的方式,最终生物量非常大。但是在低温的冬季时节(温度-5~15°C),空心菜无法成活,芦苇和绿萝则表现出较强的耐寒生命力。
在氮磷去除方面,试验所比较的四种基质中,水化硅酸钙对于磷的去除能力非常突出,静态试验中对磷的去除效果在97%以上。蛭石对于氨氮去除能力最强。在人工湿地中,除了基质本身作用外,植物和微生物也会影响到系统的净化效果。混合方式对试验中的模拟人工湿地系统的氮磷的去除效果影响并不明显,去除率差距在5%左右。但是实际项目中,水平分段敷设的人工湿地基质更有利于现场项目的实施。在水力停留时间为18h时,对人工湿地系统总氮的去除效果平均达到80%以上,超过单一基质静态试验及盆栽试验,对总磷的去除也稳定的达到75%以上。模拟湿地系统能够将微污染的河水从劣V类净化至II类水标准,富营养状态从重度富营养化降为中营养状态。
在试验研究的基础上,并结合洱海罗时江现场示范工程,设计了处理流量8000m3/d的入湖河流人工湿地系统,用于检验课题研究的科学性,为富营养化初期湖泊的生态控制技术提供实践参考。
Water eutrophication is a global environmental problem. Especially in the urban landscape water and the surrounding waters, where is widespread havary-nutrition or eutrophication status. Nowadays, the lake eutrophication problem is not merely the pure water pollution problems, but is becoming the major problem which is influencing the national economy and the people's livelihood. This article takes the Water Special Project lake subject Yunnan Dali state Erhai basin comprehensive improvement project (2008ZX07105- 003-3) as a backing, based on the constructed wetland technology, combined nitrogen phosphorus adsorption technology is used for the water body eutrophication control technology research of lake inflow rivers. Through this topic research, provides a reference basis for project topics, and provides a new approach for the ecological eutrophication control technology.
In this paper the main research contents include: (1) The plant screening research, including alternative plant breeding experimental research and cultivation research. (2) Study of substrates base nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption ability. (3) Through the construction of third-level simulation wetland system, comparative study on the intermittent flow and continuous flow conditions, In vertical flow with horizontal flow conditions, In different hydraulic remain time conditions, under different substrates laid condition, Nutrient enrichment hydroponic wetland system nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacity were studied. (4) The hydroponic wetland system design, including the optimal analog wetland system model design and engineering practice of artificial wetland technology graphic design.
The research indicates that, in plant screening, under suitable conditions (at least the temperature is 15°C above); Water spinach's life superiority is strong. But under the cool condition (the temperature between -5 and 15°C), the reed and the green radish's vitality are stronger than the water spinach. Plant's choice needs to give dual attention to the nitrogen phosphorus elimination ability, the landscape effect as well as economical back coupling effectiveness. In the nitrogen phosphorus elimination aspect, the hydrated calcium silicate has the prominent phosphorus elimination ability, in static state adsorption test; the phosphorus elimination rate is above 97%.The vermiculite shows the strongest ammonia nitrogen elimination ability. In The constructed wetland, besides the substrates themselves, the plants and the microorganism have also played the remarkable role. The mixed mode to wetland system's nitrogen and phosphorus elimination effect is not so obvious. In hydraulic remain time for 24h, the average removal efficiency of TN reached over 80%, Far more than the single substrate static test and potted experiment. The removal rate of phosphate is also over 75%. Can achieve the micro pollution river water from the poor V kind of purification water leakage II kind of water standard, but the dephosphorization potential of hydration calcium silicate in the construct- ed wetland is far from fulfilled.
In experimental study's foundation, and unifies Erhai LuoShi River the scene demonstration project, designed processing current capacity 8000m3/d to enter the lake rivers constructed wetland system, used in examining the topic research the scientific nature, provided the practice reference for the eutrophication initial period lake's ecology control technology.
引文
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