典型地物红外特性仿真关键技术研究
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摘要
红外探测系统以其全天时的良好观测能力,越来越广泛地应用于城市安防、火灾监测、遥感探测以及交通安全等众多领域。为了测试红外探测系统对搜寻目标的识别能力,需要大量的不同条件下实拍的红外图像作为该系统的测试输入数据。然而,完全依赖实拍的方法来获取不同条件的红外图像数据,不但实施成本很高,而且受时间空域的限制等很难实现,因此需要通过仿真于段获取红外图像。为了获得高逼真度的红外仿真图像,本文对红外图像仿真的关键技术进行了研究,内容涉及到红外成像链路模型与红外图像仿真方法、基于实测数据的地物表面温度建模方法、基于红外图像的发射率提取方法以及数据自动采集实验平台。
本文分析了红外成像过程,建立了地物的中红外波段的红外成像链路模型,研究了基于实拍的红外图像来仿真生成其他时段的红外图像的仿真方法。实验结果表明,运用该方法仿真生成的红外图像具有高逼真度的优点。
研究了基于实测数据的地物表面温度的实用建模方法。该方法对感兴趣的地物进行分类,找出共性的特点；针对分类的地物结构、材质及其辐射换热特性,分别建立其表面温度模型；基于不同季节、不同时段的地物表面温度测量数据,对模型系数进行多变量拟合,确定不同条件下的模型系数,从而能够计算得到不同条件下的地物表面温度,为红外特性仿真提供了实用而有效的地物表面温度数据。
研究了基于红外成像理论的典型地物发射率的提取方法。该方法基于实拍红外图像与建立的成像链路模型计算出该图像某区域的红外辐射；基于建立的地物表面温度模型计算出该区域的表面温度；基于普朗克辐射定律与红外辐射以及表面温度计算出该地物的发射率。然后基于成像链路、发射率与实拍图像进行其它时段的红外图像仿真,根据仿真图像与相对应时段的实拍图像的灰度值进行比较的结果,不断在适当范围内对发射率进行校正。该方法提取的发射率适用于不同季节、不同时段的中红外波段图像仿真。
实现了红外图像仿真所需要的数据自动采集实验平台,能够对多个选定的地物场景及感兴趣的区域进行实时同步自动地获取数据,包括中红外图像、气象条件(气温、气压、风速和能见度等)、地物区域的表面温度以及位置距离等相关数据,对建模与验模提供了有效的数据支撑,并结合实测数据对本文所研究的地物红外特性进行仿真实验验证。
基于本文的以上研究,实现了通过仿真手段获得典型地物的高逼真度的红外仿真图像,为测试红外探测系统对搜寻目标的识别能力提供了重要的技术支撑。
Infrared detection system has been more and more widely used in urban security, fire monitoring, remote sensing, traffic safety and many other fields for its good observing capabilities during day and night. To test the target recognition capability of infrared detection system, numerous infrared images under different conditions are needed as the test data. However, if the infrared images were completely obtained with the experimental method under different conditions, it will be high cost, time and space constraints and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to get infrared images by simulating. In order to improve the fidelity of infrared simulation image, some key techiques are studied, including:modeling of infrared imaging link and method of infrared imaging simulation, modeling method of surface temperature for typical ground objects based on measurement data, emissivity extracting method based on infrared images and automatic data acquisition experimental platform.
In this thesis, the infrared imaging process has been analyzed, a mid-infrared imaging link model has been built and the method of generating infrared images in different time from the real infrared images has been researched. The result shows that the advantage of this method is that the generated infrared images are of high accuracy.
The modeling method of surface temperature for the typical ground objects has been researched based on measured data. In this method, some typical ground objects have been classified and their shared features have been found out. Base on the structure, material and radiative heat transfer features of the classified ground objects, their surface temperature models have been built. The coefficients of the models under different conditions have been achieved with multivariate fitting method based on the measured surface temperatures data of ground objects in different time and seasons. So, the surface temperatures of ground objects under different conditions can be calculated, which provides practical and effective surface temperatures for infrared characteristics simulation.
According to the infrared imaging theory, the algorithm for extracting the emissivity of typical ground objects has been studied. In the method, the infrared radiance of one area has been calculated based on real infrared image and the imaging link model, the temperature of this area has been calculated based on the surface temperature model, the corresponding emissivity has been calculated based on Planck's radiation law and the surface temperature. According to the imaging link model, emissivity and real infrared image, the infrared image in the other time can be simulated. Then, to correct the emissivity, the image gray values of simulation and real in the same time have been compared. The extracted emissivity, with this method, can be used for mid-infrared image simulation in different time and seasons.
An automatic data acquisition experimental platform for infrared imaging simulation has been set up to get the data of selected ground objects in the interesting area synchronously, automatically and in real time. This platform can provide comprehensive and effective data to support the modeling and validating of infrared simulation in this thesis, which includes infrared images, meteorological conditions (e.g. air temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, visibility, etc.), sureface temperatures of ground objects, location and distance information, etc. And the testing work of infrared characteristics simulation of ground objects has been done based on the measured data.
By the above research work, high-accuracy infrared simulation images of typical ground objects have been achieved by simulation method, which provides an important technical support for testing the ability of target recognition for infrared detection system.
本文分析了红外成像过程,建立了地物的中红外波段的红外成像链路模型,研究了基于实拍的红外图像来仿真生成其他时段的红外图像的仿真方法。实验结果表明,运用该方法仿真生成的红外图像具有高逼真度的优点。
研究了基于实测数据的地物表面温度的实用建模方法。该方法对感兴趣的地物进行分类,找出共性的特点；针对分类的地物结构、材质及其辐射换热特性,分别建立其表面温度模型；基于不同季节、不同时段的地物表面温度测量数据,对模型系数进行多变量拟合,确定不同条件下的模型系数,从而能够计算得到不同条件下的地物表面温度,为红外特性仿真提供了实用而有效的地物表面温度数据。
研究了基于红外成像理论的典型地物发射率的提取方法。该方法基于实拍红外图像与建立的成像链路模型计算出该图像某区域的红外辐射；基于建立的地物表面温度模型计算出该区域的表面温度；基于普朗克辐射定律与红外辐射以及表面温度计算出该地物的发射率。然后基于成像链路、发射率与实拍图像进行其它时段的红外图像仿真,根据仿真图像与相对应时段的实拍图像的灰度值进行比较的结果,不断在适当范围内对发射率进行校正。该方法提取的发射率适用于不同季节、不同时段的中红外波段图像仿真。
实现了红外图像仿真所需要的数据自动采集实验平台,能够对多个选定的地物场景及感兴趣的区域进行实时同步自动地获取数据,包括中红外图像、气象条件(气温、气压、风速和能见度等)、地物区域的表面温度以及位置距离等相关数据,对建模与验模提供了有效的数据支撑,并结合实测数据对本文所研究的地物红外特性进行仿真实验验证。
基于本文的以上研究,实现了通过仿真手段获得典型地物的高逼真度的红外仿真图像,为测试红外探测系统对搜寻目标的识别能力提供了重要的技术支撑。
Infrared detection system has been more and more widely used in urban security, fire monitoring, remote sensing, traffic safety and many other fields for its good observing capabilities during day and night. To test the target recognition capability of infrared detection system, numerous infrared images under different conditions are needed as the test data. However, if the infrared images were completely obtained with the experimental method under different conditions, it will be high cost, time and space constraints and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to get infrared images by simulating. In order to improve the fidelity of infrared simulation image, some key techiques are studied, including:modeling of infrared imaging link and method of infrared imaging simulation, modeling method of surface temperature for typical ground objects based on measurement data, emissivity extracting method based on infrared images and automatic data acquisition experimental platform.
In this thesis, the infrared imaging process has been analyzed, a mid-infrared imaging link model has been built and the method of generating infrared images in different time from the real infrared images has been researched. The result shows that the advantage of this method is that the generated infrared images are of high accuracy.
The modeling method of surface temperature for the typical ground objects has been researched based on measured data. In this method, some typical ground objects have been classified and their shared features have been found out. Base on the structure, material and radiative heat transfer features of the classified ground objects, their surface temperature models have been built. The coefficients of the models under different conditions have been achieved with multivariate fitting method based on the measured surface temperatures data of ground objects in different time and seasons. So, the surface temperatures of ground objects under different conditions can be calculated, which provides practical and effective surface temperatures for infrared characteristics simulation.
According to the infrared imaging theory, the algorithm for extracting the emissivity of typical ground objects has been studied. In the method, the infrared radiance of one area has been calculated based on real infrared image and the imaging link model, the temperature of this area has been calculated based on the surface temperature model, the corresponding emissivity has been calculated based on Planck's radiation law and the surface temperature. According to the imaging link model, emissivity and real infrared image, the infrared image in the other time can be simulated. Then, to correct the emissivity, the image gray values of simulation and real in the same time have been compared. The extracted emissivity, with this method, can be used for mid-infrared image simulation in different time and seasons.
An automatic data acquisition experimental platform for infrared imaging simulation has been set up to get the data of selected ground objects in the interesting area synchronously, automatically and in real time. This platform can provide comprehensive and effective data to support the modeling and validating of infrared simulation in this thesis, which includes infrared images, meteorological conditions (e.g. air temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, visibility, etc.), sureface temperatures of ground objects, location and distance information, etc. And the testing work of infrared characteristics simulation of ground objects has been done based on the measured data.
By the above research work, high-accuracy infrared simulation images of typical ground objects have been achieved by simulation method, which provides an important technical support for testing the ability of target recognition for infrared detection system.
引文
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