现今地应力场特征与评价——以川西坳陷中部侏罗系为例
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摘要
本次论文研究充分利用水力压裂法、岩石声发射法、测井法等现今地应力计算方法及有限元法现今地应力场模拟对川西坳陷中部侏罗系地层蓬莱镇组和沙溪庙组的现今地应力场进行分析、计算、模拟，得到研究区现今地应力场分布特征及规律。 在大量原始资料和计算数据资料的基础上，系统分析了影响本区现今地应力分布特征的各种地质因素包括岩石力学性质、岩性、深度、层位和构造的形态、部位、地势等。 分析了地应力特征和压裂缝的关系，表明地应力分布特征主要影响压裂缝产状和压裂缝参数.研究区地层中存在三种不同地应力状态，导致压裂缝的三种不同破裂方式，结合前人的研究成果，利用压裂资料建立判别模型，对已压裂井进行判别，分析出不同层位的地应力状态。 分析并找出了偏应力和破裂压力、压裂缝延伸半长、压后增加产能之间的关系。考虑主应力值和偏应力值的分布大小、地应力状态、目的层和隔层应力差、压裂井所处构造位置，并结合前人划分的地应力剖面类型标准，提出了本区压裂选层的标准及相关参数。 最后分析压裂缝方位、长度并结合研究区的地应力状态特征，提出了作为开发参考的井网距及井排方向参数。
The paper mainly analyzes and evaluates the distribution characteristics and laws about the present ground stess field at Jurassic in mid of West-Sichuan-Dep-ression by means of stess calculation method including Hydrofr -acturing method,Rock Acoustic Emission method and Logging method combined with stress field finite element simulation.
On base of a quantity of original data and calculated data,after systemi -cly analyzing many geologic factors such as rock mechanical property.drilli-ng-hole depth,formation and tectonic shape,location and hypsography etc.whi -ch influnce the present ground stress field distributing characteristics and laws,a series of theoretical viewpoints and research fruition are concluded.
After analyzing relation between stress characteristics and hydrofracturi-ng fracture, then a conclusion comes into being that the present ground stress characteristics mainly influnce fractured model and parameters of fracture.There exist three diverse stress state resulting in three different fractu -red models in destination area.Comibined with former research fruitions, a identifying model is found by using hydrofracturing information so as to dist -inguish fractureextended states.And after applied this identifying model to all hydrofractured wells,the present ground stress states in penglaizhen and shaximiao formation are mastered.
By statistic,generation and deducing,the mutual ralation appear between deviation stress and fractured pressure,fracture extended length .increased production quantity of natural gas.Considering numerical value of principal stress and deviation stress,stress state characteristics,tectonic location,stres s difference between destination layer and segregation layer and the criterion which classify the present ground stress profile,a standard about how to select a layer for executing hydrofracturing is established including some related parameters in paper.
Finally through anlysing fracture direction and length,indispensablly synthetical considering the present ground stress characteristics state, the par -ameters about direction and distance between wells are determined at Jura -ssic in mid of West-Sichuan-Depression in paper.
The paper mainly analyzes and evaluates the distribution characteristics and laws about the present ground stess field at Jurassic in mid of West-Sichuan-Dep-ression by means of stess calculation method including Hydrofr -acturing method,Rock Acoustic Emission method and Logging method combined with stress field finite element simulation.
On base of a quantity of original data and calculated data,after systemi -cly analyzing many geologic factors such as rock mechanical property.drilli-ng-hole depth,formation and tectonic shape,location and hypsography etc.whi -ch influnce the present ground stress field distributing characteristics and laws,a series of theoretical viewpoints and research fruition are concluded.
After analyzing relation between stress characteristics and hydrofracturi-ng fracture, then a conclusion comes into being that the present ground stress characteristics mainly influnce fractured model and parameters of fracture.There exist three diverse stress state resulting in three different fractu -red models in destination area.Comibined with former research fruitions, a identifying model is found by using hydrofracturing information so as to dist -inguish fractureextended states.And after applied this identifying model to all hydrofractured wells,the present ground stress states in penglaizhen and shaximiao formation are mastered.
By statistic,generation and deducing,the mutual ralation appear between deviation stress and fractured pressure,fracture extended length .increased production quantity of natural gas.Considering numerical value of principal stress and deviation stress,stress state characteristics,tectonic location,stres s difference between destination layer and segregation layer and the criterion which classify the present ground stress profile,a standard about how to select a layer for executing hydrofracturing is established including some related parameters in paper.
Finally through anlysing fracture direction and length,indispensablly synthetical considering the present ground stress characteristics state, the par -ameters about direction and distance between wells are determined at Jura -ssic in mid of West-Sichuan-Depression in paper.
引文
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[2] 周文．裂缝性油气储集层评价方法．成都：四川科学技术出版社，1998
[3] 李志明，张金珠．地应力与油气勘探开发．北京：石油工业出版社，1997
[4] 王世泽．川西洛带构造蓬莱镇组地层现今地应力场特征．矿物岩石．2000，9(3)45～53
[5] 阎长辉，陈青，周文，童孝华．洛带气田蓬莱镇组地层现今地应力场特征．天然气工业．2002，3(2)106～107
[6] 齐翊时，王世泽，郭新江．川西地区加砂压裂效果技术经济分析．钻采工艺．2001(1)47～50
[7] 陈立官，程光瑛，李鸿智．油气田数学地质．北京：中国地质大学出版社，1989
[8] 陈元千，李(?)．现代油藏工程．北京：石油工业出版社，2001
[9] 周文，齐翊时，李仲东等．川西坳陷侏罗系气藏地应力与气层压裂改造方案研究．成都理工大学，西南石油局井下作业处．研究报告，2003
[10] 周文，童孝华，谭明文等．川西坳陷洛带、马井地区蓬莱镇组地层现今地应力场评价．成都理工大学，西南石油局油气测试中心，研究报告，2000
[11] 安欧．构造应力场．北京：地震出版社，1992
[12] 中国地震局地壳应力研究所．地壳构造与地壳应力研究文集．北京：地震出版社，2000
[13] 刘泽凯，陈耀林，唐汝众．地应力技术在油田开发中的应用．油气采收率技术．1994，9(1)48～56
[14] 蒲仁瑞，李怀庆，汪召华．文23气田地应力场研究及应用．地质勘探．2000，6(5)5～14
[15] 周新桂，孙宝珊，谭成轩等．现今地应力与断层封闭效应．石油勘探与开发．2000，10(5)127～131
[16] 张毅，闫相祯，颜庆智．三维分层地应力模型与井眼岩石破裂准则．西安石油学院学报(自然科学版)．2000，7(4)42～46
[17] 乔向阳，刘成，徐冰涛，周福生．巴喀油田地应力研究与应用．新疆地质．2001，12(4)300～305
[18] 陶良军，冯兴武，黄青松．宝浪油田地应力和裂缝特征研究与应用．钻采工艺．2000，7(2)25～29
[19] 欧阳健．测井地应力分析—以库车坳陷克拉2井气藏解释为例．新疆石油地质．1999，6(3)213～220
[20] 李军，王贵文，欧阳健．利用测井信息定量研究库车坳陷地区地应力．石油勘探与开发．2001，10(5)：93～99
[21] 刘显太，戴俊生，徐建春，汪必峰．纯41断块沙四段现今地应力场有限元模拟．石油勘探与开发．2003，6(3)126～129
[22] 楼一珊．地层倾角对地应力的影响研究．钻采工艺．1998，(6)14～17
[23] 葛洪魁，林英松，王顺昌．地应力测试及其在勘探开发中的应用．石油大学学报(自然科学版)．1998，2(1)94～102
[24] 余琪祥，吴爱军，李善良，毕兰英．地应力剖面在储层开发中的应用-以川西XL气田沙溪庙组储层为例．石油与天然气地质．2001，3(1)42～48
[25] 朱庆杰，李蔓，陈永忠．地应力原理在欢50块应力裂缝发育区预测中的应用．特种油气藏．2000(1)10～15
[26] 欧阳健，王贵文．电测井地应力分析及评价．石油勘探与开发．2001，6(3)92～99
[27] 曾立新．开展地应力岩石K aiser效应测试技术改造低渗透储层．钻采工艺．2000，9(5)32～35
[28] 楼一珊，黄立新，杨群．利用地应力计算压裂裂缝几何参数的新方法．江汉石油学院学报．2000，9(3)57～60
[29] 范学平，吴宏．近井地应力场及其对渗透率的伤害．石油钻采工艺．2001(4)：42～45
[30] 王秀娟，孙贻铃，迟博，周淑华．松辽盆地三肇地区油田储层裂缝及地应力特征．高校地质学报．1999，9(3)328～334
[31] 张顺，林春明，顾连兴．松辽盆地头台油田现代地应力场分布特征研究．高校地质学报．2001，6(2)230～237
[32] 袁祝庆，刘广存，成世全．卫城油田沙四段油藏地应力研究．内蒙古石油化工．(25)173～175
[33] 孙宗颀，张国报，张景和．在地质断层构造中地应力状态演变研究．石油勘探与开发．2000，2(1)102～108
[34] 李天本，吴柏志，贾耀勤．桩西油田桩104块地应力测量技术及应用．油气地质与采收率．2001，8(4)48～51
[35] 刘立林，杨宝忠．川西凹陷中段构造应力场三维数值模拟及与油气聚集关系．地学前缘．2002，9(3)
[36] 周新桂，邓宏文，操成杰．储层构造裂缝定量预测研究及评价方法．地球学报．2003，4(2)175～181
[37] 路芳．川西助陷中段马井构造气井产能特征研究．试采技术．2002，2(1)23～26
[38] 苏生瑞，黄润秋．断裂构造对地应力场的影响及其工程应用．北京：科学出版社，2002
[39] 曹学军，康杰．川西气田压裂液及压裂工艺技术．油气井测试．2002，2(1)49～52
[40] 何启平．川西浅层气压裂液体系的研究与应用．钻采工艺．2001，6(6)71～74
[41] Paul Segall, Shaun D, Fitzgerald. A note on induced stress changes in hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs. Tectonophysics 289 (1998) 117-128
[42] N,R, Warpinski and L.W. Teufel, Sandia Natl. In-Situ Stresses in Low-Permeability, Nonmarine Rocks. SPE/DOE16402
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