中国特色社会主义法治建设与私权保护
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摘要
21世纪中国法治的发展,取决于中国私权的整体进步与发展。私权进则法治兴,私权滞则法治衰。本文以中国特色社会主义为前提,围绕法治建设与私权保护的关系展开分析论证。
第一部分分析论证了私权保护是我国法治建设的重点。文章从基本概念的界定入手,分析了法治和私权的内涵与外延。从历史维度剖析了以“私权保护”为基本线索的西方法治历程。一方面肯定了以私权为核心的西方法治在客观上促进了资本主义商品经济的高速发展,创造了举世瞩目的现代政治文明与经济文明；另一方面,指出了以资本主义私有制为基础的西方法治在私权实现方面的虚假性,明确了只有社会主义制度与法治结合,才能真正实现大多数人的权利。第二部分对我国私权的变迁进行了历史梳理,并对我国当前的私权现状进行了深入分析。第三部分关于如何围绕“中国特色社会主义”实现我国的法治目标与私权保护,笔者提出了几点建议。
中国特色社会主义法治建设与私权保护必须以中国特色社会主义理论为指导,保持正确的政治方向。人的权利反映着人在社会中的地位,最终决定于社会的经济结构,要解决人的权利问题,必须解决社会制度问题。只有在中国特色社会主义政治制度的框架下,中国特色社会主义法治才能得以长足发展,广人民群众的个体权利才能得到真正实现。
China's rule of law in the 21st century will depend on China's overall progress and development of private rights. The rule of law will advance with the progress of private rights and decline with the delay of private rights. Human rights reflect the social status and were finally decided by the economic structure of society. In this paper, the premise of socialism with Chinese characteristics around the rule of law and protection of private rights to analyze the relationship between the argument.
This paper was in the background of market economy and democracy, and focused on the relationship between protection of the private rights and development of law rule. In the first part of this thesis, it's analyzed and appraised that the protection of private rights is the focus of our rule of law. Firstly, starting from the definition of basic concepts, the meaning of the rule of law and private rights were discussed; Secondly, from a historical view, the development of Western law were analyzed with the basic clue of protecting private rights, obtaining the mutual logic relation between private rights and the rule of law; thirdly, through our analysis of all the flaws in government-leading law rule, and rationally learning from the Western rule of law and private rights theory, it's pointed out that, there exists bitter conflict between public rights and private rights in the transition period of china towards the modernization of the rule of law, and improving the protection of private rights is of urgent practical significance. The second part, the historical evolution of China's private rights protection and current situation is analyzed. Meanwhile, changes to protect private rights were examined. It's demonstrated that private rights and private law system had made great progress Since China's reform and opening, while protections of private rights weren't enough and there exists bitter conflict between public rights and private rights. It's pointed out that civil law system that private rights are first when facing the unlawful interference of public rights. The third part, on how to focus on "socialism with Chinese characteristics," the rule of law to achieve our goals and protection of private rights, the author puts forward some suggestions.
Building socialism with Chinese characteristics and the protection of private rights law must be guided by the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, maintain a correct political orientation. Human rights reflect the social status and were finally decided by the economic structure of society. Therefore, to resolve human rights issues, it needs to address the problem of social system. Only under the framework of the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics, the rule of law with Chinese characteristics can be substantial built and development of the masses of individual rights can be truly realized.
第一部分分析论证了私权保护是我国法治建设的重点。文章从基本概念的界定入手,分析了法治和私权的内涵与外延。从历史维度剖析了以“私权保护”为基本线索的西方法治历程。一方面肯定了以私权为核心的西方法治在客观上促进了资本主义商品经济的高速发展,创造了举世瞩目的现代政治文明与经济文明；另一方面,指出了以资本主义私有制为基础的西方法治在私权实现方面的虚假性,明确了只有社会主义制度与法治结合,才能真正实现大多数人的权利。第二部分对我国私权的变迁进行了历史梳理,并对我国当前的私权现状进行了深入分析。第三部分关于如何围绕“中国特色社会主义”实现我国的法治目标与私权保护,笔者提出了几点建议。
中国特色社会主义法治建设与私权保护必须以中国特色社会主义理论为指导,保持正确的政治方向。人的权利反映着人在社会中的地位,最终决定于社会的经济结构,要解决人的权利问题,必须解决社会制度问题。只有在中国特色社会主义政治制度的框架下,中国特色社会主义法治才能得以长足发展,广人民群众的个体权利才能得到真正实现。
China's rule of law in the 21st century will depend on China's overall progress and development of private rights. The rule of law will advance with the progress of private rights and decline with the delay of private rights. Human rights reflect the social status and were finally decided by the economic structure of society. In this paper, the premise of socialism with Chinese characteristics around the rule of law and protection of private rights to analyze the relationship between the argument.
This paper was in the background of market economy and democracy, and focused on the relationship between protection of the private rights and development of law rule. In the first part of this thesis, it's analyzed and appraised that the protection of private rights is the focus of our rule of law. Firstly, starting from the definition of basic concepts, the meaning of the rule of law and private rights were discussed; Secondly, from a historical view, the development of Western law were analyzed with the basic clue of protecting private rights, obtaining the mutual logic relation between private rights and the rule of law; thirdly, through our analysis of all the flaws in government-leading law rule, and rationally learning from the Western rule of law and private rights theory, it's pointed out that, there exists bitter conflict between public rights and private rights in the transition period of china towards the modernization of the rule of law, and improving the protection of private rights is of urgent practical significance. The second part, the historical evolution of China's private rights protection and current situation is analyzed. Meanwhile, changes to protect private rights were examined. It's demonstrated that private rights and private law system had made great progress Since China's reform and opening, while protections of private rights weren't enough and there exists bitter conflict between public rights and private rights. It's pointed out that civil law system that private rights are first when facing the unlawful interference of public rights. The third part, on how to focus on "socialism with Chinese characteristics," the rule of law to achieve our goals and protection of private rights, the author puts forward some suggestions.
Building socialism with Chinese characteristics and the protection of private rights law must be guided by the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, maintain a correct political orientation. Human rights reflect the social status and were finally decided by the economic structure of society. Therefore, to resolve human rights issues, it needs to address the problem of social system. Only under the framework of the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics, the rule of law with Chinese characteristics can be substantial built and development of the masses of individual rights can be truly realized.
引文
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2 马克思恩格斯全集(第1卷).北京：人民出版社,1995,176
① [希腊]亚里士多德.政治学.北京：商务印书馆,1965,167-168
② 孙国华.社会主义法治论.北京：法津出版社,2002,41
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1 北岳.法律权利的定义.法学研究,1995(3),47
2 夏勇.人权概念起源.北京:中国政法大学出版社,1992,44
3 张光杰.法理学导论.上海：复旦大学出版社,2006,175
1 梁慧星.为权利而斗争、青年思想家,2004(6),74
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2 李龙.西方法学名著摘要.南昌：江西人民出版社,1999,57
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1 工人博,程潦原.法瀹论.济南：出东人民出版社,2002,93
1 [古罗马]西塞罗.公法学札记.陈新民译.北京：中国政法大学出版社,2001,304
2 [英]洛克.政府论(下篇).北京：商务印书馆,1964,36
3 马克思恩格斯全集(第2卷).北京：人民出版社,1957,71
1 蒋立山.中国法治道路初探.中外法学.1998(4),23
1 马克思恩格斯选集(第4卷).北京：人民出版社,1995,732
1 马克思思格斯全集(第18卷).北京：人民出版社,1964,309
2 马克思恩格斯全集(第3卷).北京：人民出版社,1960,377-378
3 马克思思格斯全集(第4卷).北京：人长出版社,1958,485
1 鲁迅全集(第8巷).北京：人民文学出版社,1981,26
1 何顺意,杨发荣.由发达国家“私有化浪潮”引发的思考——谈邓小平在公有制地位问题上的理性原则.学术交流,1995(6)
1 公丕祥.法制现代化的理论逻辑.北京:中国政法大学出版社.1999.67
1 马克思恩格斯选集 (第3卷).北京：人民出版社.1995.12
1 [德]萨维尼.论立法与法学的当代使命.转引自《人民法院报》,2005(7),B3
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1 梁慧星.靠什么制约公权力的滥用.时代法学,2004(3),5
1 李吕凤.当前法治社会构建中的私权保障问题学习论坛,2007(8)
1 李龙.依法治国方略实施问题研究.武汉：武汉大学出版社,2002
3 黄立坚.从权力本位走向权利本位.湖南医科大学学报(社会科学版),2004(12)
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[4][古罗马]西塞罗.公法学札记.陈新民译.北京：中国政法大学出版社,2001
[5][古罗马]查士丁尼.法学总论.张企泰译.商务印书馆,1989
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2 马克思恩格斯全集(第1卷).北京：人民出版社,1995,176
① [希腊]亚里士多德.政治学.北京：商务印书馆,1965,167-168
② 孙国华.社会主义法治论.北京：法津出版社,2002,41
①[德]康德.法的形而上学原理.北京：商务印书馆,1991,39
1 北岳.法律权利的定义.法学研究,1995(3),47
2 夏勇.人权概念起源.北京:中国政法大学出版社,1992,44
3 张光杰.法理学导论.上海：复旦大学出版社,2006,175
1 梁慧星.为权利而斗争、青年思想家,2004(6),74
2 Friedrich Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty, University of Chicago Press,1960, P140
1 张中秋.中西法律文化比较研究.南京：南京大学出版社,1999,299
2 [希腊]柏拉图.法律篇.转引自何勤华.西方法学史.北京:中国政法大学出版社,1996,17
3 [希腊]柏拉图.法律篇.转引自张乃根.西方法哲学史纲.北京：中国政法大学出版社,1999,22
4 [希腊]亚里士多德.政治学.转引自李龙.西方法学名著摘要,南昌:江西人民出版社，1999,27
5 [英]沃克.牛津法律大辞典,790
1 何勤华.西方法学史.北京：中国政法大学出版社,2000,50
2 李龙.西方法学名著摘要.南昌：江西人民出版社,1999,57
3 查士丁尼.法学总论.张企泰译.北京：商务印书馆,1989,13
4 查士丁尼.法学总论.张企泰译.北京：商务印书馆,1989,13
1 工人博,程潦原.法瀹论.济南：出东人民出版社,2002,93
1 [古罗马]西塞罗.公法学札记.陈新民译.北京：中国政法大学出版社,2001,304
2 [英]洛克.政府论(下篇).北京：商务印书馆,1964,36
3 马克思恩格斯全集(第2卷).北京：人民出版社,1957,71
1 蒋立山.中国法治道路初探.中外法学.1998(4),23
1 马克思恩格斯选集(第4卷).北京：人民出版社,1995,732
1 马克思思格斯全集(第18卷).北京：人民出版社,1964,309
2 马克思恩格斯全集(第3卷).北京：人民出版社,1960,377-378
3 马克思思格斯全集(第4卷).北京：人长出版社,1958,485
1 鲁迅全集(第8巷).北京：人民文学出版社,1981,26
1 何顺意,杨发荣.由发达国家“私有化浪潮”引发的思考——谈邓小平在公有制地位问题上的理性原则.学术交流,1995(6)
1 公丕祥.法制现代化的理论逻辑.北京:中国政法大学出版社.1999.67
1 马克思恩格斯选集 (第3卷).北京：人民出版社.1995.12
1 [德]萨维尼.论立法与法学的当代使命.转引自《人民法院报》,2005(7),B3
1 汪平,张楚.民法的本质特征是私法.中国法学,1998(6),12
1 梁慧星.靠什么制约公权力的滥用.时代法学,2004(3),5
1 李吕凤.当前法治社会构建中的私权保障问题学习论坛,2007(8)
1 李龙.依法治国方略实施问题研究.武汉：武汉大学出版社,2002
3 黄立坚.从权力本位走向权利本位.湖南医科大学学报(社会科学版),2004(12)
[1]马克思恩格斯全集(第2卷).北京：人民出版社,1957
[2]马克思恩格斯全集(第3卷).北京：人民出版社,1960
[3][古希腊]亚里士多德.政治学.北京：商务印书馆,1965
[4][古罗马]西塞罗.公法学札记.陈新民译.北京：中国政法大学出版社,2001
[5][古罗马]查士丁尼.法学总论.张企泰译.商务印书馆,1989
[6][德]康德.法的形而上学原理.北京：商务印书馆,1991
[7][英]洛克.政府论(下篇).北京：商务印书馆,1964
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