四花穴的古今研究
|
摘要
“四花穴”的名称是由来已久,由于其穴位在背部,共有四处,而配合灸法使用,当治疗时,由于使用直接灸,四穴同时施治,四处同时起火,宛如四朵灿烂红花,故名四花。“四花穴”原出于唐朝崔知悌《骨蒸病灸方》,唐朝娜陵人,崔知悌是唐代著名医家,生于公元650年,卒于公元685年,其生平精研医学,曾著《崔氏纂要方》等书,更发明“结核同源”之学说,对祖国医学的发展作出了巨大的贡献.惟历代流传的医史对其很少论述,其所著医书亦未见流传下来。虽然原书已佚,但其佚文仍保存于《外台秘要》、《苏沈良方》、《针灸聚英》等多部医籍中,因为“四花穴”为古代治疗骨蒸劳瘵之著名灸穴之一,故多种古代医籍均有记载,在背部取穴四个,以艾灶直接灸之,称为“四花”。其后穴位自明朝《针灸聚英》,被定位为膈俞、胆俞二穴,而现代针灸医籍中则将“四花穴”收入经外奇穴类。关于四花穴的定位,在古代诸医籍中记载并不一致,但主要可分为两种,一种为《外台秘要》、《苏沈良方》所纪载,分布呈菱形的定位；而另一种则是以《针灸资生经》、《针灸聚英》所纪载的分布呈正方形的定位。而现代针灸医籍及文章中,于收载和引用此四花穴时,多以后者为取穴方法,甚至将两者混为一谈,故本次研究目的从文献角度加以考察四花穴的正确定位,两者是否存在分别?或那种穴位疗效更好?
目的：
研究选取“四花穴”作为主干,通过临床文献研究以初步探索“四花穴”疗法有效性、可行性、安全性及给出科学的评价,为更大样本的临床研究提供可鉴依据,并旨在广度和深度进一步挖掘和扩展“四花穴”的功效和适用范围,使治疗用穴更科学化和规范化。
方法：
研究方法是检阅所有1983年到2012年有关四花穴的文献,文献来源于搜寻「中国知网」、「中国期刊网」和「中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库],古代医籍则搜寻「四库全书]电子版「汉达文库]和「中医世家」网站等。统计学处理方面,在医药卫生目录下采用高级检索的方法,将所有数据输入计算机,建立数据库,采用Excel程序,以计量方式进行统计和分析比较,采用图表形式表达。检索项为题名、主题词、摘要、关键词,逻辑关系为或者;检索词为四花穴、针灸、背俞穴、膈俞、胆俞。
结果：研究结果显示“四花穴”疗法疗效确切,但随着时代变迁,所治的适应证已有所不同,甚至大大发展于其它新领域中,临床文献研究是一种新的传统医学治疗技术在现代治疗领域的新应用,也是旧穴新用的临床研究。这种疗法具有有较广泛的应用与发展。通过临床文献分析艾灸四花穴疗法,探讨这疗法是否可透过调节患者体内阴阳平衡及脏腑的偏盛偏衰,缓解或解除临床各种骨蒸潮热、气虚血弱、肺痿等慢性疾患。
由于自明朝《针灸聚英》四花穴被定位膈俞、胆俞,两者均属于背俞穴,现代医学研究认为背俞穴的治病机理与背俞穴的位置有密切关系,背俞穴的位置十分邻近脊神经后根,分布规律与脊神经节段性分布在解剖学上大致吻合,内脏疾病的体表反应区常常是相应穴位所在。艾灸通过对背俞穴的良性刺激,改善了局部组织代谢,同时作用于躯体感觉神经末梢、交感神经末梢及神经伴随的血管,通过神经的轴突反射、节段反射途径作用于脊髓相应阶段的自主神经中枢,调整了内脏功能,并经躯体感觉纤维和内脏感觉纤维进入脊髓后传至脑,并借助与脑的相关下行传导纤维联系实现背俞穴对内脏和全身的良性调节作用。
研究发现除了四花穴的应用范围逐步扩大,治疗措施也从直接灸法发展到麦粒灸、温和灸、化脓灸等,而治疗方法亦由古代单纯灸法扩展到针刺、针挑、长针透刺、刺血、针灸等等,临床观察到四花穴疗法在疑难杂症方面的应用有其特色之处.
结论：
通过对现代灸法的适应病症分析,初步发现四花穴疗法正好补充了现代使用灸法疾病谱不足之处。四花穴疗法在神经系统、内分泌系统及血液系统均有一定优势,正好补充了现代灸法的不足,亦使现时重针轻灸的观念得以改观,令灸法重新引起重视,医家纷纷从古老的四花穴疗法中得到启示,将古法新用的病症不断扩展。近年来,随着研究的不断深入,四花穴的应用范围不断增加,其治疗病种包括偏头痛、震颤麻痹综合征、抑郁症、潮热、坐骨神经痛、焦虑症、瘰疬、胸痹、乳癖、顽固性偏头痛、肺痿、肺癌化疗药物所致的副反应等等。
Four Flowers Acupoints " was originated from 《Gu Zheng Bing Jiu Fang》 by Cui Zhi Ti of Tang Dynasty. Cui Zhi Ti (AD650-685), people of Na Ling, was a renowned physician of Tang Dynasty who spent his whole life to study medical science intensively. Cui has written books such as 《Cui Shi Zuan Yao Fang》 and invented the doctrine of "tuberculosis homologous" which has made great contributions to the development of the chinese medicine. However, the Medical History rarely commented on him and his medical books have also not been handed down. Even the original copy of the books were lost, the lost text was recorded in a number of ancient medical books such as ((Wai Tai Mi Yao)),《Su-Shen Liang Fang》,《Zhenjiu Ju Ying》 etc. As "Four Flowers Acupoints" were the famous moxibustion points for the ancient treatment of bone steaming and consumptive disease, they have been recorded in many ancient medical books. Selecting four acupoints in the back was called "Four Flower". Direct moxibustion can be applied in these four acupoints. Subsequently, the acupoints were positioned as two points-Ge shu, Dang shu. Modern acupuncture medical books categorize the four flowers Acupoints as extraordinary points. The positioning of Four Flowers Acupoints, recorded in various ancient, medical books are not consistent, but mainly can be divided into two. The one recorded in 《Wai Tai Mi Yao》,《Su-Shen Liang Fang》 was that the four acupoints were distributed in the shape of a diamond; while the other was in the shape of a square which was based on 《Zhenjiu Zisheng Jing》 and 《Zhenjiu Ju Ying》. Modern acupuncture medical books and articles usually contained and referenced the latter one, or even confused the two. As such, the purpose of this study is to examine the correct positioning of four flowers acupoints from the literature point In order to find out if there is any difference between the two and which one got better efficacy.
The research method is to review the literatures from1983to2012regarding four flowers acupoints. The literatures were searched from the "China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database","China Academic Journals" and "China Excellent Doctoral and Master Journal full-text database, ancient medical books Search library book" electronic version "CHANT" and "family medicine" site. The statistical treatment of advanced retrieval methods used in the medical and health directory, all data entered into the computer, creating databases using the Excel program to measure the statistics and analysis, using the chart form for expression. Searching for Title, keywords, abstract, key words, the logical relationship or; the key words of four flowers acupoints, acupuncture, back-shu points, Ge shu, Dang shu. Selecting four flowers acupoints as backbone, explored through the study of the clinical literature to four flowers acupoints therapy effectiveness, feasibility, safety and give a scientific evaluation, provide a basis for a lesson from clinical studies of larger samples, and aims to further the breadth and depth of excavation and extension of the efficacy and scope of application of the "four flowers" points, so as to make the treatment more scientific and standardized.
Research results show that the efficacy of four flowers acupoints therapy, but as times changed, indications of governance were different, even more dramatically the development of other new areas of clinical literature is a new tradition of medical treatment in new applications of therapeutic areas, but also the old acupoints in the new clinical research. This therapy has a wide range of applications and development. Moxibustion of four flowers acupoints therapy, to explore whether this therapy can be partial failure through regulating the balance of yin and yang and organs of the patient's body excess or deficiency, relieve or cure the clinical variety of bone steaming, tidal fever, deficiency of qi and blood, consumptive lung and other chronic diseases through the analysis of clinical literature
Since the four flowers acupoints have been positioned as Ge shu, Dang shu, both of which belong to the back shu, modern medical research is closely related to the healing mechanism back points and the location of the back shu points. The location is very close to the spinal nerve roots, the distribution law and the spinal nerve segmental distribution of the anatomically broadly in line with the surface reaction zone of visceral disease often is where the corresponding acupuncture points. Good stimulation of moxibustion on the back points, improving local tissue metabolism, role in the somatic sensory nerve endings, sympathetic nerve endings and nerves associated with blood vessels, nerve axon reflex, segmental reflex pathway role in the spinal cord corresponding period autonomic ganglia, adjust the function of internal organs, spread to the brain, and somatic sensory fibers and visceral sensory fibers into the spinal cord and related downstream conduction fibers with the brain to achieve a positive regulatory role of back points on the internal organs and body.
The study found that in addition to the scope of application of four flowers acupoints gradually expanded treatment from direct moxibustion to grain moxibustion, mild moxibustion, purulent moxibustion treatment also increased from the ancient simple moxibustion extended to the acupuncture needle to pick long needle through the thorns, pricking blood, acupuncture, clinical observation of the characteristics of four flowers acupoints therapy in the application on incurable diseases.
Conclusion:Throungh the analysis of the diseases adapting to modern moxibustion, preliminary findings show that four flowers acupoints therapy supplements the inadequacies of the modern use of moxibustion spectrum of disease. There are certain advantages in applying four flowers acupoints therapy in the nerve system, endocrine system and blood system has certain advantages. It just supplements the deficiencies of modern moxibustion. In recent years, with the deepening of research, the application range of four flowers acupoints continues to expand. It also applied in other diseases including migraine, paralysis agitans syndrome, depression, hot flashes, sciatica, anxiety disorders, scrofula, chest discomfort, lump in breast, intractable migraine, consumptive lung, the lung cancer drug due to side effects.
目的：
研究选取“四花穴”作为主干,通过临床文献研究以初步探索“四花穴”疗法有效性、可行性、安全性及给出科学的评价,为更大样本的临床研究提供可鉴依据,并旨在广度和深度进一步挖掘和扩展“四花穴”的功效和适用范围,使治疗用穴更科学化和规范化。
方法：
研究方法是检阅所有1983年到2012年有关四花穴的文献,文献来源于搜寻「中国知网」、「中国期刊网」和「中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库],古代医籍则搜寻「四库全书]电子版「汉达文库]和「中医世家」网站等。统计学处理方面,在医药卫生目录下采用高级检索的方法,将所有数据输入计算机,建立数据库,采用Excel程序,以计量方式进行统计和分析比较,采用图表形式表达。检索项为题名、主题词、摘要、关键词,逻辑关系为或者;检索词为四花穴、针灸、背俞穴、膈俞、胆俞。
结果：研究结果显示“四花穴”疗法疗效确切,但随着时代变迁,所治的适应证已有所不同,甚至大大发展于其它新领域中,临床文献研究是一种新的传统医学治疗技术在现代治疗领域的新应用,也是旧穴新用的临床研究。这种疗法具有有较广泛的应用与发展。通过临床文献分析艾灸四花穴疗法,探讨这疗法是否可透过调节患者体内阴阳平衡及脏腑的偏盛偏衰,缓解或解除临床各种骨蒸潮热、气虚血弱、肺痿等慢性疾患。
由于自明朝《针灸聚英》四花穴被定位膈俞、胆俞,两者均属于背俞穴,现代医学研究认为背俞穴的治病机理与背俞穴的位置有密切关系,背俞穴的位置十分邻近脊神经后根,分布规律与脊神经节段性分布在解剖学上大致吻合,内脏疾病的体表反应区常常是相应穴位所在。艾灸通过对背俞穴的良性刺激,改善了局部组织代谢,同时作用于躯体感觉神经末梢、交感神经末梢及神经伴随的血管,通过神经的轴突反射、节段反射途径作用于脊髓相应阶段的自主神经中枢,调整了内脏功能,并经躯体感觉纤维和内脏感觉纤维进入脊髓后传至脑,并借助与脑的相关下行传导纤维联系实现背俞穴对内脏和全身的良性调节作用。
研究发现除了四花穴的应用范围逐步扩大,治疗措施也从直接灸法发展到麦粒灸、温和灸、化脓灸等,而治疗方法亦由古代单纯灸法扩展到针刺、针挑、长针透刺、刺血、针灸等等,临床观察到四花穴疗法在疑难杂症方面的应用有其特色之处.
结论：
通过对现代灸法的适应病症分析,初步发现四花穴疗法正好补充了现代使用灸法疾病谱不足之处。四花穴疗法在神经系统、内分泌系统及血液系统均有一定优势,正好补充了现代灸法的不足,亦使现时重针轻灸的观念得以改观,令灸法重新引起重视,医家纷纷从古老的四花穴疗法中得到启示,将古法新用的病症不断扩展。近年来,随着研究的不断深入,四花穴的应用范围不断增加,其治疗病种包括偏头痛、震颤麻痹综合征、抑郁症、潮热、坐骨神经痛、焦虑症、瘰疬、胸痹、乳癖、顽固性偏头痛、肺痿、肺癌化疗药物所致的副反应等等。
Four Flowers Acupoints " was originated from 《Gu Zheng Bing Jiu Fang》 by Cui Zhi Ti of Tang Dynasty. Cui Zhi Ti (AD650-685), people of Na Ling, was a renowned physician of Tang Dynasty who spent his whole life to study medical science intensively. Cui has written books such as 《Cui Shi Zuan Yao Fang》 and invented the doctrine of "tuberculosis homologous" which has made great contributions to the development of the chinese medicine. However, the Medical History rarely commented on him and his medical books have also not been handed down. Even the original copy of the books were lost, the lost text was recorded in a number of ancient medical books such as ((Wai Tai Mi Yao)),《Su-Shen Liang Fang》,《Zhenjiu Ju Ying》 etc. As "Four Flowers Acupoints" were the famous moxibustion points for the ancient treatment of bone steaming and consumptive disease, they have been recorded in many ancient medical books. Selecting four acupoints in the back was called "Four Flower". Direct moxibustion can be applied in these four acupoints. Subsequently, the acupoints were positioned as two points-Ge shu, Dang shu. Modern acupuncture medical books categorize the four flowers Acupoints as extraordinary points. The positioning of Four Flowers Acupoints, recorded in various ancient, medical books are not consistent, but mainly can be divided into two. The one recorded in 《Wai Tai Mi Yao》,《Su-Shen Liang Fang》 was that the four acupoints were distributed in the shape of a diamond; while the other was in the shape of a square which was based on 《Zhenjiu Zisheng Jing》 and 《Zhenjiu Ju Ying》. Modern acupuncture medical books and articles usually contained and referenced the latter one, or even confused the two. As such, the purpose of this study is to examine the correct positioning of four flowers acupoints from the literature point In order to find out if there is any difference between the two and which one got better efficacy.
The research method is to review the literatures from1983to2012regarding four flowers acupoints. The literatures were searched from the "China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database","China Academic Journals" and "China Excellent Doctoral and Master Journal full-text database, ancient medical books Search library book" electronic version "CHANT" and "family medicine" site. The statistical treatment of advanced retrieval methods used in the medical and health directory, all data entered into the computer, creating databases using the Excel program to measure the statistics and analysis, using the chart form for expression. Searching for Title, keywords, abstract, key words, the logical relationship or; the key words of four flowers acupoints, acupuncture, back-shu points, Ge shu, Dang shu. Selecting four flowers acupoints as backbone, explored through the study of the clinical literature to four flowers acupoints therapy effectiveness, feasibility, safety and give a scientific evaluation, provide a basis for a lesson from clinical studies of larger samples, and aims to further the breadth and depth of excavation and extension of the efficacy and scope of application of the "four flowers" points, so as to make the treatment more scientific and standardized.
Research results show that the efficacy of four flowers acupoints therapy, but as times changed, indications of governance were different, even more dramatically the development of other new areas of clinical literature is a new tradition of medical treatment in new applications of therapeutic areas, but also the old acupoints in the new clinical research. This therapy has a wide range of applications and development. Moxibustion of four flowers acupoints therapy, to explore whether this therapy can be partial failure through regulating the balance of yin and yang and organs of the patient's body excess or deficiency, relieve or cure the clinical variety of bone steaming, tidal fever, deficiency of qi and blood, consumptive lung and other chronic diseases through the analysis of clinical literature
Since the four flowers acupoints have been positioned as Ge shu, Dang shu, both of which belong to the back shu, modern medical research is closely related to the healing mechanism back points and the location of the back shu points. The location is very close to the spinal nerve roots, the distribution law and the spinal nerve segmental distribution of the anatomically broadly in line with the surface reaction zone of visceral disease often is where the corresponding acupuncture points. Good stimulation of moxibustion on the back points, improving local tissue metabolism, role in the somatic sensory nerve endings, sympathetic nerve endings and nerves associated with blood vessels, nerve axon reflex, segmental reflex pathway role in the spinal cord corresponding period autonomic ganglia, adjust the function of internal organs, spread to the brain, and somatic sensory fibers and visceral sensory fibers into the spinal cord and related downstream conduction fibers with the brain to achieve a positive regulatory role of back points on the internal organs and body.
The study found that in addition to the scope of application of four flowers acupoints gradually expanded treatment from direct moxibustion to grain moxibustion, mild moxibustion, purulent moxibustion treatment also increased from the ancient simple moxibustion extended to the acupuncture needle to pick long needle through the thorns, pricking blood, acupuncture, clinical observation of the characteristics of four flowers acupoints therapy in the application on incurable diseases.
Conclusion:Throungh the analysis of the diseases adapting to modern moxibustion, preliminary findings show that four flowers acupoints therapy supplements the inadequacies of the modern use of moxibustion spectrum of disease. There are certain advantages in applying four flowers acupoints therapy in the nerve system, endocrine system and blood system has certain advantages. It just supplements the deficiencies of modern moxibustion. In recent years, with the deepening of research, the application range of four flowers acupoints continues to expand. It also applied in other diseases including migraine, paralysis agitans syndrome, depression, hot flashes, sciatica, anxiety disorders, scrofula, chest discomfort, lump in breast, intractable migraine, consumptive lung, the lung cancer drug due to side effects.
引文
[1]王焘.外台秘要[M].中国医药科技出版社,2011：207-208
[2]王执中.针灸资生经[M].人民卫生出版社,2007：111-112
[3]苏轼,沈括.苏沈良方[M].中国医药科技出版社,2012：14-15
[4j高武.针灸聚英[M].中医古籍出版社,1999：118-119
[5]严用和.严氏济生方[M].中国医药科技出版社,2012：62-70
[6]陈自明.妇人大全良方[M].中国医药科技出版社,2011：94-95
[7]刘昉.幼幼新书[M].中国医药科技出版社,2011：437-440
[8]杨继洲.针灸大成[M].人民卫生出版社,2006：414-415
[9]张英,刘又香,孙国杰.不同灸治时程对阳虚小鼠免疫功能影响的比较[J].湖北中医杂志,1998,20(2)：53-54.
[10]刘景玲,张建平.膈俞埋针治疗顽固性呃逆[J].山西中医,2002,18(5)：51.
[11]崔承斌,王京京.从背俞穴与夹脊穴的关系论背俞功能带[J].中国针灸,2005,25(7)483.
[12]朱晓玲,黄芸薇,胡玲香.四花穴麦粒灸治疗妇女绝经期后潮热60例临床观察[J].黑龙江中医药,2010(3)：33-34.
[13]李戎,闫智勇,唐勇,等.肺俞、膏盲俞、四花穴灸治肺痿(肺纤维化)沿革[J].中国针灸,2004,24(6)：429.431.
[14j薛广生.四花穴治疗抑郁症54例临床疗效观察[J].针灸临床杂志,2008,24(3)：19-20.
[15]林霓鹏,符文彬,赵晶等.四花穴化脓灸临床治验[J].新中医2011,12(12)164-165.
[16]王玉明.长针透刺四花穴治疗坐骨神经痛303例临床观察[J].国医论坛,1991(6)24.25.
[17]李殿宁,许志衷.背俞穴和华佗夹脊穴的“穴树”机理探讨[J].南京中医学院学报,1994,10(6)：
[18]宋宏杰,宋洪涛,宋永贵.穴位埋线治疗慢性胆囊炎疗效观察[J]中国针灸.
[19]罗庆道,罗建明.电针背俞穴对急性胃脘痛的镇痛观察[J].针刺研究,1997,(1)：138.
[20]史华民,郭学民,李佩洲,等.穴位封闭配合升白细胞药物治疗抗甲状腺药物致白细胞减少症的临床研究[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2000,7(1)：33-34
[21]唐赤蓉.温针配合耳穴贴压治疗雷诺氏病35例[J].四川中医,2002,20(8)：77-78.
[22]刘景玲,张建平.膈俞埋针治疗顽固性呃逆[J].山西中医,2002,18(5)：51.
[23]黄龙祥.针灸名著集成·针灸集书·卷之下[M].华夏出版社1996：256.
[24]黄龙祥.针灸名著集成·针灸甲乙经·卷之三[M].华夏出版社1996：45.
[25]黄龙祥.针灸名著集成·针方六集[M].华夏出版社1996：256.
[26]黄龙祥.针灸名著集成·针灸资生经·第一[M].华夏出版社1996：256.
[27]石学敏.新世纪全国高等中医药院校规划教材《针灸学》北京：中国中医药出版社,2002：104.
[28]刘公望.现代针灸全书[M].华夏出版社,1998：413.
[29]沈雪勇.经络愉穴学[M].中国中医药出版社,2003：1.
[30]王致谱.中国针灸治疗学[M].福建科学技术出版社,2006：1.
[31]李珊.临床常用瑜穴针灸意外预防手册[M].人民军医出版社,2003：1.
[32]吴承玉.脉经[M].中国医药科技出版社1998：1
[33]唐·孙思遂.千金方[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,1998：136.
[34]黄龙祥.针灸名著集成·循经考穴编·上[M].华夏出版社,1996：503.
[35]黄龙祥.针灸名著集成·循经考穴编·上[M].华夏出版社,1996：503.
[36]金伯华.金氏针灸临床精粹[M].人民卫生出版社,2005：1.
[37]王川军.胆俞穴治疗胆绞痛50例[J].中医外治杂志,1993,2.
[38]孙月琴,谭自民.按压胆俞穴对胆囊形态学变化的影响[J].贵阳中医学院学报,1997,19(2).
[39]黄欣,周玉宝.电针大白鼠胆俞穴对其肝胆汁分泌量的影响[J].辽宁中医学院学报,1999,11(2).
[40]兰威.针刺治疗胆囊炎68例临床观察[J].临床报道,2004,11.
[41]梁俭昌.刘炳权.《背针疗法》广东科技出版社2006：1.
[42]焦顺发.《针灸原理与临床实践》人民卫生出版社2000：1.
[43]黄仁芬.针刺膈俞穴治疗慢性荨麻疹68例[J].新中医,1996,28(6)：36-37.
[44]宫哲,牟桃,梁雪冰.穴位封闭治疗银屑病119例疗效观察[J].中国针灸,1996,16(12)19-20
[45]冯永喜.肺俞、膈俞点刺加拔火罐治疗腹型瘾疹56例临床观察[J].针灸临床杂志,995,11(3)7
[46]高武科,徐茱芝,郭燕蓉,等.电针配合TDP治愈罕见之震颤性膈肌痉挛1例[J].针灸临床杂志,1997,13(4)：78-79.
[47]刘景玲,张建平.膈俞埋针治疗顽固性呃逆[J].山西中医,2002,18(5)：51.
[48]陈天安,李运峰.针灸治疗顽固性呃逆80例[J].河南中医,2001,(6)：62.
[49]宋宏杰,宋洪涛,宋永贵.穴位埋线治疗慢性胆囊炎疗效观察[J].中国针灸,2000,20(9)533-534.
[50]罗庆道,罗建明.电针背俞穴对急性胃脘痛的镇痛观察[J].针刺研究,1997,(1)：138.
[51]史华民,郭学民,李佩洲,等.穴位封闭配合升白细胞药物治疗抗甲状腺药物致白细胞减少症的临床研究[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2000,7(1)：33-34.
[52]唐赤蓉.温针配合耳穴贴压治疗雷诺氏病35例[J].四川中医,2002,20(8)：77-78.
[53]程绍鲁,陈权彰,刘惠娟.远红外穴位照射缓解放疗或化疗对血象损害的观察[J].针灸临床杂志,2000,16(1)：37-38
[54]吴建光,黄文州,吴碧云,等.Q波段毫米波穴位照射对肠癌术后化疗患者外周血白细胞的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1997,17(5)：286-288.
[55]张谨.电针加膈俞放血治疗偏头痛疗效观察[J].针灸临床杂志,2000,16(11)：13.
[56]陈龙,顾平.膈俞穴埋针治疗血管性头痛36例[J].上海针灸杂志,1995,14(5)：203.
[57]王纪民.以肝俞、膈俞为主治疗中风症[J].四川中医,1996,14(3)：53.
[58]林庆学,李彩华.温针灸治疗中风后期患侧肢体肿胀24例临床观察[J].社区医学学志,2005,3(7)：55.
[59]刘春,景宽.膈俞穴临床应用举隅[J].长春中医学院学报,2004,20(3)：23.
[60]赵建新,田元祥,程英武,等.益肾醒脑针法治疗血管性痴呆临床观察[J].河北中医,2000,22(11)：844-846.
[61]周友龙.针刺治疗急性乳腺炎88例临床观察[J].中国针灸,2000,20(7)：409-410.
[62]阎杜海,赵喜新.针灸对环磷酰胺小鼠骨髓粒-单祖细胞集落形成单位的影响[J].中国针灸,1998,18(5)：295-296.
[63]甘君学,杨建平,朱苗花,等.穴位注射对胆色素结石模型豚鼠肝脏部分酶类的影响[J].中国针灸,2000,20(10)：615-617.
[64]蔡国伟,贾玉英,戴春林.膈俞穴活血化瘀作用临床研究[J].上海针灸杂志,2002,21(6)：1-2
[65]张伯顺.水针治疗对慢性肝炎血清肝纤维化指标的影响[J].针灸临床杂志,1997,13(8)：23
[66]宋颖,杨家荣.穴位注射对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者血液流变学的影响[J].河北中 医,2002,24(3)：202-203.
[67]张伯顺.水针治疗对慢性肝炎血清肝纤维化指标的影响[J].针灸临床杂志,1997,13(8)：231.
[68]赵建新,田元祥,曹刚,等.电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴对拟血管性痴呆小鼠脑缺血、缺氧、脑水肿的影响[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2000,6(6)：60-64.
[69]梁繁荣.针灸推拿学辞典四花穴[M].人民卫生出版社,2006：179.
[70]顾一煌,金宏柱,吴云川,等.不同艾灸量对运动后血清肌酸激酶影响的实验研究[J].南京中医药大学学报,2006,22(6)：373-375.
[71]金末淑,陈思宇,徐彬,等.背俞穴研究进展[J ].中国中医药信息杂志,2009,5(]6)106-108.
[72]张京英,刘农虞,杨兆民,等.灸法、灸量对家兔全血组胺含量的影响及其意义[J].中国针灸,1994,(6)：27-29.
[73]张蕊,仇裕丰.不同灸位、刺激量施灸对小鼠耳廓微循环的影响[J].针灸临床杂志,2006,22(9)：46-47.
[74]刘农虞,张蕊,张京英,等.不同灸质、灸量、灸法刺激家兔“足三里”穴对胃电活动的影响[J].针刺研究,1997,22(3)：173-175.
[75]张英,刘又香,孙国杰.不同灸治时程对阳虚小鼠免疫功能影响的比较[J].湖北中医杂志,]998,20(2)：53-54.
[76]李守栋.灸法的不同刺激量对雷公藤甲素副作用的影响[J].甘肃中医,2007,20(1)：49-50.
[77]唐晖,柴铁劬.基于文献的艾灸疗法应用规律研究[J].广州中医药大学,2011：1.
[78]吴焕淦,施茵,刘慧荣.《外台秘要》论灸法[J].江西中医学院学报,2004,16(1)：41-43.
[79]周飞雄,柴铁劬. 《肘后备急方》灸法学术思想探析[J].上海针灸杂志,2005,24(12)46-47
[80]林霓鹏,符文彬,赵晶等.四花穴化脓灸临床治验.新中医,2011,12(12)：164-165.
[81]刘农虞.不同灸量、灸质、灸法的研究[J].针灸临床杂志,1993(2)：6]-6.4.
[82]顾一煌,李忠仁.浅析《伤寒论》用灸规律[J].江苏中医药,2005,26(2)：7-8.
[83]张钦传,袁泉.龚廷贤灸法浅析[J].中国针灸,1999,19(9)：569-570.
[84]李中晓.针刺大椎、四花治疗百日咳[J].中级医刊,1996(1),30-31.
[85]李戎,闫智勇,唐勇.肺俞、膏盲俞、四花穴灸治肺痿(肺纤维化)沿革[J].中国针灸2004(6),429-431
[2]王执中.针灸资生经[M].人民卫生出版社,2007：111-112
[3]苏轼,沈括.苏沈良方[M].中国医药科技出版社,2012：14-15
[4j高武.针灸聚英[M].中医古籍出版社,1999：118-119
[5]严用和.严氏济生方[M].中国医药科技出版社,2012：62-70
[6]陈自明.妇人大全良方[M].中国医药科技出版社,2011：94-95
[7]刘昉.幼幼新书[M].中国医药科技出版社,2011：437-440
[8]杨继洲.针灸大成[M].人民卫生出版社,2006：414-415
[9]张英,刘又香,孙国杰.不同灸治时程对阳虚小鼠免疫功能影响的比较[J].湖北中医杂志,1998,20(2)：53-54.
[10]刘景玲,张建平.膈俞埋针治疗顽固性呃逆[J].山西中医,2002,18(5)：51.
[11]崔承斌,王京京.从背俞穴与夹脊穴的关系论背俞功能带[J].中国针灸,2005,25(7)483.
[12]朱晓玲,黄芸薇,胡玲香.四花穴麦粒灸治疗妇女绝经期后潮热60例临床观察[J].黑龙江中医药,2010(3)：33-34.
[13]李戎,闫智勇,唐勇,等.肺俞、膏盲俞、四花穴灸治肺痿(肺纤维化)沿革[J].中国针灸,2004,24(6)：429.431.
[14j薛广生.四花穴治疗抑郁症54例临床疗效观察[J].针灸临床杂志,2008,24(3)：19-20.
[15]林霓鹏,符文彬,赵晶等.四花穴化脓灸临床治验[J].新中医2011,12(12)164-165.
[16]王玉明.长针透刺四花穴治疗坐骨神经痛303例临床观察[J].国医论坛,1991(6)24.25.
[17]李殿宁,许志衷.背俞穴和华佗夹脊穴的“穴树”机理探讨[J].南京中医学院学报,1994,10(6)：
[18]宋宏杰,宋洪涛,宋永贵.穴位埋线治疗慢性胆囊炎疗效观察[J]中国针灸.
[19]罗庆道,罗建明.电针背俞穴对急性胃脘痛的镇痛观察[J].针刺研究,1997,(1)：138.
[20]史华民,郭学民,李佩洲,等.穴位封闭配合升白细胞药物治疗抗甲状腺药物致白细胞减少症的临床研究[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2000,7(1)：33-34
[21]唐赤蓉.温针配合耳穴贴压治疗雷诺氏病35例[J].四川中医,2002,20(8)：77-78.
[22]刘景玲,张建平.膈俞埋针治疗顽固性呃逆[J].山西中医,2002,18(5)：51.
[23]黄龙祥.针灸名著集成·针灸集书·卷之下[M].华夏出版社1996：256.
[24]黄龙祥.针灸名著集成·针灸甲乙经·卷之三[M].华夏出版社1996：45.
[25]黄龙祥.针灸名著集成·针方六集[M].华夏出版社1996：256.
[26]黄龙祥.针灸名著集成·针灸资生经·第一[M].华夏出版社1996：256.
[27]石学敏.新世纪全国高等中医药院校规划教材《针灸学》北京：中国中医药出版社,2002：104.
[28]刘公望.现代针灸全书[M].华夏出版社,1998：413.
[29]沈雪勇.经络愉穴学[M].中国中医药出版社,2003：1.
[30]王致谱.中国针灸治疗学[M].福建科学技术出版社,2006：1.
[31]李珊.临床常用瑜穴针灸意外预防手册[M].人民军医出版社,2003：1.
[32]吴承玉.脉经[M].中国医药科技出版社1998：1
[33]唐·孙思遂.千金方[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,1998：136.
[34]黄龙祥.针灸名著集成·循经考穴编·上[M].华夏出版社,1996：503.
[35]黄龙祥.针灸名著集成·循经考穴编·上[M].华夏出版社,1996：503.
[36]金伯华.金氏针灸临床精粹[M].人民卫生出版社,2005：1.
[37]王川军.胆俞穴治疗胆绞痛50例[J].中医外治杂志,1993,2.
[38]孙月琴,谭自民.按压胆俞穴对胆囊形态学变化的影响[J].贵阳中医学院学报,1997,19(2).
[39]黄欣,周玉宝.电针大白鼠胆俞穴对其肝胆汁分泌量的影响[J].辽宁中医学院学报,1999,11(2).
[40]兰威.针刺治疗胆囊炎68例临床观察[J].临床报道,2004,11.
[41]梁俭昌.刘炳权.《背针疗法》广东科技出版社2006：1.
[42]焦顺发.《针灸原理与临床实践》人民卫生出版社2000：1.
[43]黄仁芬.针刺膈俞穴治疗慢性荨麻疹68例[J].新中医,1996,28(6)：36-37.
[44]宫哲,牟桃,梁雪冰.穴位封闭治疗银屑病119例疗效观察[J].中国针灸,1996,16(12)19-20
[45]冯永喜.肺俞、膈俞点刺加拔火罐治疗腹型瘾疹56例临床观察[J].针灸临床杂志,995,11(3)7
[46]高武科,徐茱芝,郭燕蓉,等.电针配合TDP治愈罕见之震颤性膈肌痉挛1例[J].针灸临床杂志,1997,13(4)：78-79.
[47]刘景玲,张建平.膈俞埋针治疗顽固性呃逆[J].山西中医,2002,18(5)：51.
[48]陈天安,李运峰.针灸治疗顽固性呃逆80例[J].河南中医,2001,(6)：62.
[49]宋宏杰,宋洪涛,宋永贵.穴位埋线治疗慢性胆囊炎疗效观察[J].中国针灸,2000,20(9)533-534.
[50]罗庆道,罗建明.电针背俞穴对急性胃脘痛的镇痛观察[J].针刺研究,1997,(1)：138.
[51]史华民,郭学民,李佩洲,等.穴位封闭配合升白细胞药物治疗抗甲状腺药物致白细胞减少症的临床研究[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2000,7(1)：33-34.
[52]唐赤蓉.温针配合耳穴贴压治疗雷诺氏病35例[J].四川中医,2002,20(8)：77-78.
[53]程绍鲁,陈权彰,刘惠娟.远红外穴位照射缓解放疗或化疗对血象损害的观察[J].针灸临床杂志,2000,16(1)：37-38
[54]吴建光,黄文州,吴碧云,等.Q波段毫米波穴位照射对肠癌术后化疗患者外周血白细胞的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1997,17(5)：286-288.
[55]张谨.电针加膈俞放血治疗偏头痛疗效观察[J].针灸临床杂志,2000,16(11)：13.
[56]陈龙,顾平.膈俞穴埋针治疗血管性头痛36例[J].上海针灸杂志,1995,14(5)：203.
[57]王纪民.以肝俞、膈俞为主治疗中风症[J].四川中医,1996,14(3)：53.
[58]林庆学,李彩华.温针灸治疗中风后期患侧肢体肿胀24例临床观察[J].社区医学学志,2005,3(7)：55.
[59]刘春,景宽.膈俞穴临床应用举隅[J].长春中医学院学报,2004,20(3)：23.
[60]赵建新,田元祥,程英武,等.益肾醒脑针法治疗血管性痴呆临床观察[J].河北中医,2000,22(11)：844-846.
[61]周友龙.针刺治疗急性乳腺炎88例临床观察[J].中国针灸,2000,20(7)：409-410.
[62]阎杜海,赵喜新.针灸对环磷酰胺小鼠骨髓粒-单祖细胞集落形成单位的影响[J].中国针灸,1998,18(5)：295-296.
[63]甘君学,杨建平,朱苗花,等.穴位注射对胆色素结石模型豚鼠肝脏部分酶类的影响[J].中国针灸,2000,20(10)：615-617.
[64]蔡国伟,贾玉英,戴春林.膈俞穴活血化瘀作用临床研究[J].上海针灸杂志,2002,21(6)：1-2
[65]张伯顺.水针治疗对慢性肝炎血清肝纤维化指标的影响[J].针灸临床杂志,1997,13(8)：23
[66]宋颖,杨家荣.穴位注射对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者血液流变学的影响[J].河北中 医,2002,24(3)：202-203.
[67]张伯顺.水针治疗对慢性肝炎血清肝纤维化指标的影响[J].针灸临床杂志,1997,13(8)：231.
[68]赵建新,田元祥,曹刚,等.电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴对拟血管性痴呆小鼠脑缺血、缺氧、脑水肿的影响[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2000,6(6)：60-64.
[69]梁繁荣.针灸推拿学辞典四花穴[M].人民卫生出版社,2006：179.
[70]顾一煌,金宏柱,吴云川,等.不同艾灸量对运动后血清肌酸激酶影响的实验研究[J].南京中医药大学学报,2006,22(6)：373-375.
[71]金末淑,陈思宇,徐彬,等.背俞穴研究进展[J ].中国中医药信息杂志,2009,5(]6)106-108.
[72]张京英,刘农虞,杨兆民,等.灸法、灸量对家兔全血组胺含量的影响及其意义[J].中国针灸,1994,(6)：27-29.
[73]张蕊,仇裕丰.不同灸位、刺激量施灸对小鼠耳廓微循环的影响[J].针灸临床杂志,2006,22(9)：46-47.
[74]刘农虞,张蕊,张京英,等.不同灸质、灸量、灸法刺激家兔“足三里”穴对胃电活动的影响[J].针刺研究,1997,22(3)：173-175.
[75]张英,刘又香,孙国杰.不同灸治时程对阳虚小鼠免疫功能影响的比较[J].湖北中医杂志,]998,20(2)：53-54.
[76]李守栋.灸法的不同刺激量对雷公藤甲素副作用的影响[J].甘肃中医,2007,20(1)：49-50.
[77]唐晖,柴铁劬.基于文献的艾灸疗法应用规律研究[J].广州中医药大学,2011：1.
[78]吴焕淦,施茵,刘慧荣.《外台秘要》论灸法[J].江西中医学院学报,2004,16(1)：41-43.
[79]周飞雄,柴铁劬. 《肘后备急方》灸法学术思想探析[J].上海针灸杂志,2005,24(12)46-47
[80]林霓鹏,符文彬,赵晶等.四花穴化脓灸临床治验.新中医,2011,12(12)：164-165.
[81]刘农虞.不同灸量、灸质、灸法的研究[J].针灸临床杂志,1993(2)：6]-6.4.
[82]顾一煌,李忠仁.浅析《伤寒论》用灸规律[J].江苏中医药,2005,26(2)：7-8.
[83]张钦传,袁泉.龚廷贤灸法浅析[J].中国针灸,1999,19(9)：569-570.
[84]李中晓.针刺大椎、四花治疗百日咳[J].中级医刊,1996(1),30-31.
[85]李戎,闫智勇,唐勇.肺俞、膏盲俞、四花穴灸治肺痿(肺纤维化)沿革[J].中国针灸2004(6),429-431