基于炉内参数测量的燃烧系统优化运行理论与技术的研究
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摘要
在火力发电成本中,燃料费用一般要占70%以上,提高锅炉燃烧系统的运行水平对机组的节能降耗具有重要意义。同时,发电企业面临厂网分开、竞价上网的电力市场竞争,而且,由于能源紧张导致燃煤价格上涨,进一步加大了发电企业的生产成本。随着国家对电站污染物排放的限制,如何有效降低污染物排放的技术成为电厂当前关注的热点。
燃煤价格的上涨和污染排放的限制,使国内燃煤电站面临着提高锅炉效率与降低污染排放的双重要求,迫切需要面向节能、降耗与降低污染、安全运行的生产过程优化控制与调度方法。
锅炉燃烧优化技术能够有效提高机组运行效率,降低发电成本,显著降低锅炉污染物的排放,并能够监督保障锅炉的安全运行。本文以电站锅炉燃烧系统为研究对象,探讨了锅炉燃烧优化运行理论与技术。主要内容包括：
(1)炉内参数测量技术与方法的研究。
燃烧优化技术目标是根据锅炉的负荷和煤种,实时优化锅炉的风量和煤量,指导锅炉燃烧调整,提高锅炉燃烧运行效率,降低发电煤耗,同时减少烟气的NOx排放,实现锅炉的经济环保运行。
为了实现这一目标首要的问题是,采用一种什么样的测量设备来实时地检测出锅炉内部的主要参数,根据这些参数指导锅炉燃烧调整。
本文提出了利用美国佐炉公司的ZoloBOSS激光测量网作为炉内参数检测设备,配以我们自行研制的运行优化站,构成锅炉燃烧优化运行系统。
(2)基于RBF神经网络的锅炉燃烧系统模型建立。
锅炉燃烧过程中的NOx排放和锅炉效率的影响因素非常复杂,相互联系,相互耦合。因此用机理建模方法建立符合锅炉当前特性的模型存在一定的困难。该文引入先进的人工智能神经网络技术,根据锅炉燃烧过程历史数据,利用RBF神经网络建立了锅炉效率的预测模型和NOx排放的预测模型,并通过实测数据验证了模型的准确性。
(3)锅炉烟气干燥燃褐煤时的热经济性分析。
对褐煤进行预干燥可以明显地提高直接燃褐煤电站发电效率,滚筒烟气干燥是应用最早的干燥方法。为此,本文建立了锅炉烟气干燥燃褐煤发电系统的热经济性分析模型,并且利用该模型对某600MW机组采用锅炉烟气干燥对发电系统热效率的影响因素进行了分析。
将分析结果与前述的锅炉燃烧优化运行系统配合使用,将大大提高直接燃褐煤火电厂的热效率,起到节能的目的。
(4)基于多目标遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ的燃烧参数优化。
建立模型之后,采用多目标遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ对锅炉的运行参数进行优化,仿真结果表明,本文的方法能够给出可行的调整各风门开度等操作量的优化控制方案,使锅炉维持在良好的工况下,达到节能减排的目的。将为火力发电机组实现高效率、低排放运行提供有效解决方案。
The cost of fuel accounts for more than70%in all thermal power costs, so it is of great significance to raise the running level of combustion system of utility boilers.Besides, power generators are faced with the competition of separation of plant and network and biding for use of network, and energy shortage causes the price rise of coal. All these make the thermal power costs greater. As the State put restrictions on power plant emissions, the technology of how to effectively reduce emissions becomes the focus of power plants.
Domestic coal-fired power plants are confronted with two requirements to improve boiler efficiency and lower pollution emission because of the rising coal prices and pollution emission limits, thus there is an urgent need for a method of optimizing the process control and schedule. This method can meet the needs of energy saving, consumption reducing, pollution lowering and safe operation.
The optimization technology of combustion system for utility boilers can improve unit operation efficiency, reduce power-generation costs, reduce the emission of pollutions significiently, and safeguard the safe operation of the boiler. This dissertation puts the combustion system for the study, and discuss the theories and techniques for the optimization of combustion of utility boilers. The main content includes:
1. Study on techniques and methods of boiler parameter measurement.
The goal of combustion optimization is to optimize boiler air distribution, coal distribution and operation mode in real time on the basis of the load and the coal, to guide the combustion regulation, so as to improve the operation efficiency of boiler combustion, reduce coal cost and the emission of NOx, and achieve economic environmental operation of utility boiler.
To achieve this goal, the first problem is what kind of measuring instrument to be used to detect the main paremeters inside the boiler in real time, so as to guide the boiler combustion regulation according to these parameters.
This dissertation takes the laser measurement system ZoloBOSS from Zolo technologies, Inc. as the instrument of parameter measuring, and combined with our self-developped optimization station to consist of combustion optimization system for utility boiler.
2. Modeling of combustion system of utility boiler based on RBF neural network.
The factors that influence NOx emissions in combustion process and the boiler efficiency are very complex, interrelated and mutually coupled, so it is quite difficult to set up a model for combustion which conforms to the current boiler characteristics by use of theoretical method. This dissertation introduces the advanced artifical intelligence neural network technology,and establishes prediction models of thermal efficiency and NOx emissions of utility boilers by RBF neural network on the basis of historical data in the combustion process, and verifies the accuracy of the model based on experimental data.
3. Thermal economic analysis of lignite drying with boiler flue gas dryer.
Lignite Pre-drying can obviously improve the power generation efficiency of directly lignite-fired power plant, and rotary drying is the earliest application lignite pre-drying method. Therefore, a theoretical economic analysis model for lignite-fired power generation system with boiler flue gas dryer was established in this dissertation, with which a case study on a600MW power generation system was conducted to analyze the factors influencing thermal efficiency.
Combining the analysis results with combustion optimization system can improve the thermal efficiency of lignite-fired power plants in a large degree and realize energy-saving purposes.
4. Parameter optimization of combustion system based on multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-Ⅱ.
Particle Swarm Optimization Algoritthm is employed to optimize the operation parameters of boiler after we obtain boiler combustion model. The results show that the method came up with in this dissertation can give practical optimum solution of adjusting parameters such as air throttle opening, and keep the boiler in a good working condition and achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction. This can provide effective solutions for thermal generators to realize high-efficiency, low-emission operation.
燃煤价格的上涨和污染排放的限制,使国内燃煤电站面临着提高锅炉效率与降低污染排放的双重要求,迫切需要面向节能、降耗与降低污染、安全运行的生产过程优化控制与调度方法。
锅炉燃烧优化技术能够有效提高机组运行效率,降低发电成本,显著降低锅炉污染物的排放,并能够监督保障锅炉的安全运行。本文以电站锅炉燃烧系统为研究对象,探讨了锅炉燃烧优化运行理论与技术。主要内容包括：
(1)炉内参数测量技术与方法的研究。
燃烧优化技术目标是根据锅炉的负荷和煤种,实时优化锅炉的风量和煤量,指导锅炉燃烧调整,提高锅炉燃烧运行效率,降低发电煤耗,同时减少烟气的NOx排放,实现锅炉的经济环保运行。
为了实现这一目标首要的问题是,采用一种什么样的测量设备来实时地检测出锅炉内部的主要参数,根据这些参数指导锅炉燃烧调整。
本文提出了利用美国佐炉公司的ZoloBOSS激光测量网作为炉内参数检测设备,配以我们自行研制的运行优化站,构成锅炉燃烧优化运行系统。
(2)基于RBF神经网络的锅炉燃烧系统模型建立。
锅炉燃烧过程中的NOx排放和锅炉效率的影响因素非常复杂,相互联系,相互耦合。因此用机理建模方法建立符合锅炉当前特性的模型存在一定的困难。该文引入先进的人工智能神经网络技术,根据锅炉燃烧过程历史数据,利用RBF神经网络建立了锅炉效率的预测模型和NOx排放的预测模型,并通过实测数据验证了模型的准确性。
(3)锅炉烟气干燥燃褐煤时的热经济性分析。
对褐煤进行预干燥可以明显地提高直接燃褐煤电站发电效率,滚筒烟气干燥是应用最早的干燥方法。为此,本文建立了锅炉烟气干燥燃褐煤发电系统的热经济性分析模型,并且利用该模型对某600MW机组采用锅炉烟气干燥对发电系统热效率的影响因素进行了分析。
将分析结果与前述的锅炉燃烧优化运行系统配合使用,将大大提高直接燃褐煤火电厂的热效率,起到节能的目的。
(4)基于多目标遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ的燃烧参数优化。
建立模型之后,采用多目标遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ对锅炉的运行参数进行优化,仿真结果表明,本文的方法能够给出可行的调整各风门开度等操作量的优化控制方案,使锅炉维持在良好的工况下,达到节能减排的目的。将为火力发电机组实现高效率、低排放运行提供有效解决方案。
The cost of fuel accounts for more than70%in all thermal power costs, so it is of great significance to raise the running level of combustion system of utility boilers.Besides, power generators are faced with the competition of separation of plant and network and biding for use of network, and energy shortage causes the price rise of coal. All these make the thermal power costs greater. As the State put restrictions on power plant emissions, the technology of how to effectively reduce emissions becomes the focus of power plants.
Domestic coal-fired power plants are confronted with two requirements to improve boiler efficiency and lower pollution emission because of the rising coal prices and pollution emission limits, thus there is an urgent need for a method of optimizing the process control and schedule. This method can meet the needs of energy saving, consumption reducing, pollution lowering and safe operation.
The optimization technology of combustion system for utility boilers can improve unit operation efficiency, reduce power-generation costs, reduce the emission of pollutions significiently, and safeguard the safe operation of the boiler. This dissertation puts the combustion system for the study, and discuss the theories and techniques for the optimization of combustion of utility boilers. The main content includes:
1. Study on techniques and methods of boiler parameter measurement.
The goal of combustion optimization is to optimize boiler air distribution, coal distribution and operation mode in real time on the basis of the load and the coal, to guide the combustion regulation, so as to improve the operation efficiency of boiler combustion, reduce coal cost and the emission of NOx, and achieve economic environmental operation of utility boiler.
To achieve this goal, the first problem is what kind of measuring instrument to be used to detect the main paremeters inside the boiler in real time, so as to guide the boiler combustion regulation according to these parameters.
This dissertation takes the laser measurement system ZoloBOSS from Zolo technologies, Inc. as the instrument of parameter measuring, and combined with our self-developped optimization station to consist of combustion optimization system for utility boiler.
2. Modeling of combustion system of utility boiler based on RBF neural network.
The factors that influence NOx emissions in combustion process and the boiler efficiency are very complex, interrelated and mutually coupled, so it is quite difficult to set up a model for combustion which conforms to the current boiler characteristics by use of theoretical method. This dissertation introduces the advanced artifical intelligence neural network technology,and establishes prediction models of thermal efficiency and NOx emissions of utility boilers by RBF neural network on the basis of historical data in the combustion process, and verifies the accuracy of the model based on experimental data.
3. Thermal economic analysis of lignite drying with boiler flue gas dryer.
Lignite Pre-drying can obviously improve the power generation efficiency of directly lignite-fired power plant, and rotary drying is the earliest application lignite pre-drying method. Therefore, a theoretical economic analysis model for lignite-fired power generation system with boiler flue gas dryer was established in this dissertation, with which a case study on a600MW power generation system was conducted to analyze the factors influencing thermal efficiency.
Combining the analysis results with combustion optimization system can improve the thermal efficiency of lignite-fired power plants in a large degree and realize energy-saving purposes.
4. Parameter optimization of combustion system based on multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-Ⅱ.
Particle Swarm Optimization Algoritthm is employed to optimize the operation parameters of boiler after we obtain boiler combustion model. The results show that the method came up with in this dissertation can give practical optimum solution of adjusting parameters such as air throttle opening, and keep the boiler in a good working condition and achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction. This can provide effective solutions for thermal generators to realize high-efficiency, low-emission operation.
引文
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