大城市低收入人口空间分布及其聚居形态研究
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摘要
改革开放以来,中国经济体制开始由高度集中的计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转轨,并带来产业结构与就业制度、社会财富和分配制度等社会经济领域的一系列变化,其中最根本的变化就是中国社会开始由整合型社会向分化型社会快速转变。中国城市社会收入差距的不断扩大,城市居民社会经济地位发生了严重的利益分化,这种分化通过住宅市场的分流和住宅自有化的引导,空间化地表征为——以低收入与高收入阶层居住的相对隔离为主要特征的城市居住空间分异的现象。中国城市的社会分化与空间分异构成了低收入人口及其聚居社区产生、发展的前提和基础。随着城市化的进一步发展,城市居住用地的不断扩张,城市低收入人口居住环境问题将会更加突出,尤其会对城市社会稳定与和谐发展带来很多负面影响。
本文对城市低收入人口空间分布及其聚居形态的研究正是基于这种背景条件。论文共九章,内容上分为五个部分:第一部分包括第一和二章,在对相关概念——低收入人口、低收入人口聚居形态、低收入社区进行界定和辨析的基础上,对国内外相关的经典理论——社会分层理论、社会空间分异理论、社会-空间统一体理论、人居环境理论以及国内外相关研究的进展情况进行评述与总结;第二部分包括第三章和第四章,分析了中国城市社会分化与空间分异的宏观背景,随后聚焦大连实证研究区,系统梳理了大连城市社会空间分异的历史脉络,并对大连城市居住空间分异和居民群体分化的现状格局进行研究分析,为大连城市低收入人口的分布和聚居研究打下理论和现实的双重基础;第三部分包括第五章和第六章,以大量社会调查资料和社会统计数据为基础,借助地理信息系统软件分析了城区——街道——社区不同地域层次的大连城市低收入人口的空间聚居程度,以社区低收入人口聚居指数和社区人居环境质量指数这两项指标的综合值作为判定大连城市低收入社区的标准,并通过MapInfo软件将判定结果落实到地域空间,明确了大连城市低收入社区的空间分布。然后,通过对大连低收入社区人居环境状况的实地调研,分析得出当前大连城市低收入人口的空间聚居主要存在三种形态:旧城历史遗留衰退社区、传统产业工人聚居社区和农民工聚居社区,对各形态低收入社区的形成背景与区位分布、社区居民构成以及社区人居环境等形态特征进行了具体分析,并以大连西岗区日新街道东关街社区、西岗区香炉礁街道工人村社区和甘井子区辛寨子街道大辛社区为例进行典型案例研究;第四部分是第七章,首先对低收入人口聚居形成机制的相关理论进行归纳总结,然后分别从历史发展惯性、政府导向、体制改革、市场分化、城市空间开发五个方面具体分析大连城市低收入人口社区的形成和发展的机制因素,并构建了五大因素综合作用下的大连城市低收入社区形成的机理模式图。第五部分是第八章,改善大连城市低收入社区人居环境的对策研究。首先分析了改善大连低收入社区人居环境面临的困境,主要表现在大连低收入群体自身、社会公众意识形态、社会保障制度三个方面,最后借鉴国外在解决低收入人口住房问题方面的经验措施,提出改善大连城市低收入社区人居环境的对策建议,并指出低收入人口人居问题不能就住房建设论住房建设,在改善居住质量的同时,更应该考虑改善城市低收入群体生存与发展的环境,这才是改善低收入人口人居环境的根本所在。最后是文章的结语部分,对研究的主要结论进行归纳,并分析了研究中存在的不足以及进一步的思考与研究展望。
Since reform and opening up, China's economic system began to turn the highly centralized planned economy system into socialist market economic system, and bring a series of changes in the socio-economic field such as the industrial structure, employment system, social wealth, the distribution system and so on, but the most fundamental change is that Chinese society is changing rapidly from the integrated community to the divided community. The income gap of China's urban society continues to expand and urban residents' socio-economic status is dividing seriously. The dividing is guided by the housing market and the housing privatization, and it is spatialized and showed as a phenomenon which is characterized by low-income and high-income groups live in relative isolation. Low-income population and its residential community are based on china's urban social differentiation and spatial differentiation, which could effect their development. With the further development of urbanization and urban land expansion, urban living conditions of low-income population, which will bring the negative impacts on the urban social stability and harmonious, will be worse and worse.
In this paper, the spatial distribution and settlement patterns of low-income population of research is based on this background. A total of nine chapters of this paper, the content is divided into five sections: the first section including Chapter I and II. On the basis of some related concepts that is needed to delimit and discriminate, such as the low-income population, low-income population patterns, low-income communities etc, at home and abroad related to the progress of the study and the classical theory are reviewed and summarized, such as the theory of social stratification theory, the theory of social spatial distribution, the theory of society-space continuum, the theory of human settlements; the second section including Chapters III and IV. We analyze the macro-background of china's urban social differentiation and spatial differentiation, after focus on an empirical study of district of Dalian and systematically coordinate urban social spatial differentiation of Dalian from the aspect of history, and study the status of urban spatial differentiation and residents groups differentiation of Dalian, to lay a theoretical and practical double basis for low-income urban population of Dalian distribution and habitat research; the third section including Chapters V and VI. To the basis of a large number of social surveys and social statistics data, according to the City - street - communities three different spatial scales the author analyza aggregation state of Dalian low-income communities and communities of population, with GIS software. Index of community low-income populations and communities living environment are synthesized as a composite index that determine the standards of Dalian low-income communities, and the outcome will be showed in the form of map, with MapInfo software, therefore spatial distribution of Dalian low-income communities is clear. Then through field surveying the state of human settlements of Dalian low-income communities, the author divide spatial aggregation of Dalian low-income population into three main forms: decline community in the old city, traditional industrial workers living community and peasant workers living community. Formation background, constitution of community residents and location distribution of various types of low-income communities are analyzed specifically, and Dongguan Street Community New Street Xigang District, Gongrencun Community Xianglujiao Street Xigang District, Daxin Community Xinzhaizi Street Ganjingzi District as examples that are studied. The fourth section is Chapter VII. Concluding some related theories about low- incomes population aggregation formation mechanism. From the historical development, the Government-oriented, system, market differentiation, development of urban spatial five aspects, the author respectively analyze the factors of the formation and development mechanism of urban low-income communities in Dalian, And build a formation mechanism pattern of low-income communities in Dalian, which affected by five-factors. The fifthly section is Chapter VIII. First, the countermeasures to improve low-income community of human settlements in Dalian are studied. It mainly show on low-income groups in Dalian itself, the public ideology, and the third aspect——the social security system, finally refering to foreign measures that solve the issue of low-income population housing, and make the countermeasures and suggestions that improve low-income communities of human settlements in Dalian. This article pointed out that the issue of low-income population of human settlements can not solved by the housing construction only, improving the living quality,in the same time, should improving the urban low-income population environment that affect the urban low-income groups in the survival and development, which is the root of the problem.
本文对城市低收入人口空间分布及其聚居形态的研究正是基于这种背景条件。论文共九章,内容上分为五个部分:第一部分包括第一和二章,在对相关概念——低收入人口、低收入人口聚居形态、低收入社区进行界定和辨析的基础上,对国内外相关的经典理论——社会分层理论、社会空间分异理论、社会-空间统一体理论、人居环境理论以及国内外相关研究的进展情况进行评述与总结;第二部分包括第三章和第四章,分析了中国城市社会分化与空间分异的宏观背景,随后聚焦大连实证研究区,系统梳理了大连城市社会空间分异的历史脉络,并对大连城市居住空间分异和居民群体分化的现状格局进行研究分析,为大连城市低收入人口的分布和聚居研究打下理论和现实的双重基础;第三部分包括第五章和第六章,以大量社会调查资料和社会统计数据为基础,借助地理信息系统软件分析了城区——街道——社区不同地域层次的大连城市低收入人口的空间聚居程度,以社区低收入人口聚居指数和社区人居环境质量指数这两项指标的综合值作为判定大连城市低收入社区的标准,并通过MapInfo软件将判定结果落实到地域空间,明确了大连城市低收入社区的空间分布。然后,通过对大连低收入社区人居环境状况的实地调研,分析得出当前大连城市低收入人口的空间聚居主要存在三种形态:旧城历史遗留衰退社区、传统产业工人聚居社区和农民工聚居社区,对各形态低收入社区的形成背景与区位分布、社区居民构成以及社区人居环境等形态特征进行了具体分析,并以大连西岗区日新街道东关街社区、西岗区香炉礁街道工人村社区和甘井子区辛寨子街道大辛社区为例进行典型案例研究;第四部分是第七章,首先对低收入人口聚居形成机制的相关理论进行归纳总结,然后分别从历史发展惯性、政府导向、体制改革、市场分化、城市空间开发五个方面具体分析大连城市低收入人口社区的形成和发展的机制因素,并构建了五大因素综合作用下的大连城市低收入社区形成的机理模式图。第五部分是第八章,改善大连城市低收入社区人居环境的对策研究。首先分析了改善大连低收入社区人居环境面临的困境,主要表现在大连低收入群体自身、社会公众意识形态、社会保障制度三个方面,最后借鉴国外在解决低收入人口住房问题方面的经验措施,提出改善大连城市低收入社区人居环境的对策建议,并指出低收入人口人居问题不能就住房建设论住房建设,在改善居住质量的同时,更应该考虑改善城市低收入群体生存与发展的环境,这才是改善低收入人口人居环境的根本所在。最后是文章的结语部分,对研究的主要结论进行归纳,并分析了研究中存在的不足以及进一步的思考与研究展望。
Since reform and opening up, China's economic system began to turn the highly centralized planned economy system into socialist market economic system, and bring a series of changes in the socio-economic field such as the industrial structure, employment system, social wealth, the distribution system and so on, but the most fundamental change is that Chinese society is changing rapidly from the integrated community to the divided community. The income gap of China's urban society continues to expand and urban residents' socio-economic status is dividing seriously. The dividing is guided by the housing market and the housing privatization, and it is spatialized and showed as a phenomenon which is characterized by low-income and high-income groups live in relative isolation. Low-income population and its residential community are based on china's urban social differentiation and spatial differentiation, which could effect their development. With the further development of urbanization and urban land expansion, urban living conditions of low-income population, which will bring the negative impacts on the urban social stability and harmonious, will be worse and worse.
In this paper, the spatial distribution and settlement patterns of low-income population of research is based on this background. A total of nine chapters of this paper, the content is divided into five sections: the first section including Chapter I and II. On the basis of some related concepts that is needed to delimit and discriminate, such as the low-income population, low-income population patterns, low-income communities etc, at home and abroad related to the progress of the study and the classical theory are reviewed and summarized, such as the theory of social stratification theory, the theory of social spatial distribution, the theory of society-space continuum, the theory of human settlements; the second section including Chapters III and IV. We analyze the macro-background of china's urban social differentiation and spatial differentiation, after focus on an empirical study of district of Dalian and systematically coordinate urban social spatial differentiation of Dalian from the aspect of history, and study the status of urban spatial differentiation and residents groups differentiation of Dalian, to lay a theoretical and practical double basis for low-income urban population of Dalian distribution and habitat research; the third section including Chapters V and VI. To the basis of a large number of social surveys and social statistics data, according to the City - street - communities three different spatial scales the author analyza aggregation state of Dalian low-income communities and communities of population, with GIS software. Index of community low-income populations and communities living environment are synthesized as a composite index that determine the standards of Dalian low-income communities, and the outcome will be showed in the form of map, with MapInfo software, therefore spatial distribution of Dalian low-income communities is clear. Then through field surveying the state of human settlements of Dalian low-income communities, the author divide spatial aggregation of Dalian low-income population into three main forms: decline community in the old city, traditional industrial workers living community and peasant workers living community. Formation background, constitution of community residents and location distribution of various types of low-income communities are analyzed specifically, and Dongguan Street Community New Street Xigang District, Gongrencun Community Xianglujiao Street Xigang District, Daxin Community Xinzhaizi Street Ganjingzi District as examples that are studied. The fourth section is Chapter VII. Concluding some related theories about low- incomes population aggregation formation mechanism. From the historical development, the Government-oriented, system, market differentiation, development of urban spatial five aspects, the author respectively analyze the factors of the formation and development mechanism of urban low-income communities in Dalian, And build a formation mechanism pattern of low-income communities in Dalian, which affected by five-factors. The fifthly section is Chapter VIII. First, the countermeasures to improve low-income community of human settlements in Dalian are studied. It mainly show on low-income groups in Dalian itself, the public ideology, and the third aspect——the social security system, finally refering to foreign measures that solve the issue of low-income population housing, and make the countermeasures and suggestions that improve low-income communities of human settlements in Dalian. This article pointed out that the issue of low-income population of human settlements can not solved by the housing construction only, improving the living quality,in the same time, should improving the urban low-income population environment that affect the urban low-income groups in the survival and development, which is the root of the problem.
引文
[1]中国网/《2006年中国城市发展蓝皮书》新闻发布会/网址:http://www.china.com.cn/zhibo/2007-12/20/content-9397045.htm
[2]中华人民共和国住房与城乡建设网/住房保障政策发布/网址:http://www.cin.gov.cn/zfbz/zcfb/
[3]新华网/七部门联合颁布《经济适用房住房管理办法》/网址:http://news.xinhuanet.com/house/2007-12/01/content_7178709.htm
[1]大连劳动保障网:大连市历年劳动和社会保障事业发展统计公报,网址:://www.ldbzj.dl.gov.cn/info/report/1070_61016.html
[2]大连天健网/网址http://house.runsky.com/
[1]孙荫环,张道航.30年大连住房制度改革与房地产业发展./网址:http://msn.idoican.com.cn/detail/articles/20081222058A113/
[1]根据大连房产信息网相关数据统计得出,网址:http://www.dlfcw.com/。
[1]大连住房保障网/网址:htt p://www.dlzfbz.com/
[1]新华网/9部门构筑住房保障体系/网址:http://news.xinhuanet.com/house/2007-11/27/content_7150752.htm
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[1]大连住房保障网/网址:htt p://www.dlzfbz.com/
[1]新华网/9部门构筑住房保障体系/网址:http://news.xinhuanet.com/house/2007-11/27/content_7150752.htm
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