高速公路泥石流灾害风险评估研究
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摘要
泥石流灾害是山区常见的地质灾害之一,常常具有突发性、群发性及历时短但破坏力强等特点,严重制约了山区经济的发展。随着西部大开发进程深入,国家逐步加大了对山区地质灾害防治研究的力度,泥石流灾害风险评估研究作为山区地质灾害防治的一项非工程措施也逐渐引起专家学者的重视。然而,由于泥石流形成机理及运动动力特征的复杂性及不确定性,目前对于泥石流灾害的研究成果仍远不能满足山区泥石流灾害的防治要求。针对国内外泥石流灾害防治研究的成果与不足,本文以四川省交通厅科研项目“泥石流等地质灾害启动机理及防治对策研究”为依托,以雅(安)—泸(沽)高速公路泥石流灾害防治为研究背景,对高速公路泥石流灾害风险评估进行系统的研究,以求通过理论研究指导实际应用,为高速公路泥石流灾害的防治提供技术支持。基于此,本文在以下几方面展开的系统的研究,也取得了相应的研究成果:
1.在系统学习国内外泥石流灾害风险评估及相关研究文献的基础上,为泥石流灾害风险评估的研究奠定了坚实的理论基础,为期一个多月的四川省雅(安)—泸(沽)高速公路沿线泥石流灾害的现场调查,也为泥石流风险评估主要参数的获取与确定提供了可靠的依据;
2.基于泥石流沟的现场调查,选取西南山区暴雨泥石流判别方法,对雅泸高速公路沿线沟谷进行泥石流沟的评判,为高速公路泥石流的防治奠定了良好的基础;
3.为寻求一种合适的泥石流危险性评价方法,以雅泸高速公路沿线典型泥石流沟为研究对象,选取基于改进熵值法的危险性评价模型进行泥石流的危险性评价,以探讨高速公路泥石流灾害的致灾程度;
4.针对国内外自然灾害易损性的研究现状,以泥石流承灾体工程易损性为研究背景,开展高速公路基础设施工程易损性的评价研究,以对高速公路基础设施抗御泥石流灾害的能力作出评估;
5.在泥石流危险性及高速公路基础设施工程易损性的研究基础上,根据自然灾害风险评估的定义,确定高速公路泥石流灾害的风险性,从而为高速公路管理部门对于泥石流灾害的防治决策提供有效的参考意见;
6.在泥石流防治措施的工程易损性评价的基础上,通过不同泥石流防治措施易损性等级下对于高速公路基础设施泥石流灾害风险的修正研究,为高速公路管理者对于泥石流防治对策的调整提供依据。
Debris flow hazard is one of the geo-hazards often happen in the mountain area, it restrict the economic development of mountain area seriously because of the characteristic simultaneity, mass occurrence, short continuance but strong abruptness. As the Development of the West Regions, our country has increase the power to control the geo-hazards of the mountain area gradually, as one of the important non-engineering cautions against the debris flow hazard, the debris flow risk assessment has drawn more and more attention to the research scholar. However, because of the complexity and the non-certainty of the formation mechanism and the flow character, the current research in this field are far from requirements of guarding against or reducing hazard in the mountain area. Targeted on the limits of the current research of the risk assessment of the debris flow hazard, the present paper rely on the Sichuan Traffic Department research item "the research of the startup mechanism and the prevention countermeasure to the debris flow hazard ", and base on the research background of the prevention of the debris flows along to the highway in Sichuan province from Ya(an) to Lu(gu), the present paper research on the debris flow risk assessment of the highway, in order to guide practice with the academic research and provide the technological support to the prevention of the highway debris flow hazard. Base on this, the present paper doing corresponding research and get some research fruits in the following aspects:
1. The systemic study of the risk assessment literature at home and abroad establish a firm theory foundation to the research of the debris flow risk assessment, and the field investigation along the Ya(an) to Lu(gu) highway which last for more than a month provide a reliable bases for the parameter-getting of the debris flow risk assessment;
2. Base on the field investigation of the debri flow, the present paper select the differentiate method of the rainstorm-induced debris flow hazard in southwest mountain region, and establish good basement to the prevention of the debris flow hazard by differentiate the debris flow valley along the YaLu highway;
3. in order to search the suitable method to the debris flow assessment, the present paper research on the debris flow valley along the highway, assessing the debris flow hazard of the highway by selecting the debris flow hazard assessing model base on the improving debris flow hazard entropy method. So as to discuss the hazardous degree of the debris flow of the highway;
4. Targeted on the research on the vulnerability of the nature hazard at home and abroad, the present base on the research background of engineer vulnerability of the debris flow hazard-bearing body, discuss the disaster resistance capability of the highway infrastructure by research on the engineer vulnerability of the highway infrastructure;
5. Base on the research of the debris flow hazard and the engineering vulnerability of the highway hazard-bearing, the paper get the debris flow risk level of the highway according to the concept of the hazard risk assessment, and this will provide the technical support to the design, construction and the prevention of the debris flow of the highway.
6. Base on the research of the engineer vulnerability assessment of the countermeasures of the debris flow, the present paper research on the modify to the debris flow riskment of the highway infrastructure on different vulnerability degree of the the countermeasures, and provide the adjustment evidence of the debris flow Countermeasures to the administrator of the highway.
1.在系统学习国内外泥石流灾害风险评估及相关研究文献的基础上,为泥石流灾害风险评估的研究奠定了坚实的理论基础,为期一个多月的四川省雅(安)—泸(沽)高速公路沿线泥石流灾害的现场调查,也为泥石流风险评估主要参数的获取与确定提供了可靠的依据;
2.基于泥石流沟的现场调查,选取西南山区暴雨泥石流判别方法,对雅泸高速公路沿线沟谷进行泥石流沟的评判,为高速公路泥石流的防治奠定了良好的基础;
3.为寻求一种合适的泥石流危险性评价方法,以雅泸高速公路沿线典型泥石流沟为研究对象,选取基于改进熵值法的危险性评价模型进行泥石流的危险性评价,以探讨高速公路泥石流灾害的致灾程度;
4.针对国内外自然灾害易损性的研究现状,以泥石流承灾体工程易损性为研究背景,开展高速公路基础设施工程易损性的评价研究,以对高速公路基础设施抗御泥石流灾害的能力作出评估;
5.在泥石流危险性及高速公路基础设施工程易损性的研究基础上,根据自然灾害风险评估的定义,确定高速公路泥石流灾害的风险性,从而为高速公路管理部门对于泥石流灾害的防治决策提供有效的参考意见;
6.在泥石流防治措施的工程易损性评价的基础上,通过不同泥石流防治措施易损性等级下对于高速公路基础设施泥石流灾害风险的修正研究,为高速公路管理者对于泥石流防治对策的调整提供依据。
Debris flow hazard is one of the geo-hazards often happen in the mountain area, it restrict the economic development of mountain area seriously because of the characteristic simultaneity, mass occurrence, short continuance but strong abruptness. As the Development of the West Regions, our country has increase the power to control the geo-hazards of the mountain area gradually, as one of the important non-engineering cautions against the debris flow hazard, the debris flow risk assessment has drawn more and more attention to the research scholar. However, because of the complexity and the non-certainty of the formation mechanism and the flow character, the current research in this field are far from requirements of guarding against or reducing hazard in the mountain area. Targeted on the limits of the current research of the risk assessment of the debris flow hazard, the present paper rely on the Sichuan Traffic Department research item "the research of the startup mechanism and the prevention countermeasure to the debris flow hazard ", and base on the research background of the prevention of the debris flows along to the highway in Sichuan province from Ya(an) to Lu(gu), the present paper research on the debris flow risk assessment of the highway, in order to guide practice with the academic research and provide the technological support to the prevention of the highway debris flow hazard. Base on this, the present paper doing corresponding research and get some research fruits in the following aspects:
1. The systemic study of the risk assessment literature at home and abroad establish a firm theory foundation to the research of the debris flow risk assessment, and the field investigation along the Ya(an) to Lu(gu) highway which last for more than a month provide a reliable bases for the parameter-getting of the debris flow risk assessment;
2. Base on the field investigation of the debri flow, the present paper select the differentiate method of the rainstorm-induced debris flow hazard in southwest mountain region, and establish good basement to the prevention of the debris flow hazard by differentiate the debris flow valley along the YaLu highway;
3. in order to search the suitable method to the debris flow assessment, the present paper research on the debris flow valley along the highway, assessing the debris flow hazard of the highway by selecting the debris flow hazard assessing model base on the improving debris flow hazard entropy method. So as to discuss the hazardous degree of the debris flow of the highway;
4. Targeted on the research on the vulnerability of the nature hazard at home and abroad, the present base on the research background of engineer vulnerability of the debris flow hazard-bearing body, discuss the disaster resistance capability of the highway infrastructure by research on the engineer vulnerability of the highway infrastructure;
5. Base on the research of the debris flow hazard and the engineering vulnerability of the highway hazard-bearing, the paper get the debris flow risk level of the highway according to the concept of the hazard risk assessment, and this will provide the technical support to the design, construction and the prevention of the debris flow of the highway.
6. Base on the research of the engineer vulnerability assessment of the countermeasures of the debris flow, the present paper research on the modify to the debris flow riskment of the highway infrastructure on different vulnerability degree of the the countermeasures, and provide the adjustment evidence of the debris flow Countermeasures to the administrator of the highway.
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