出租车计价器的电磁兼容性研究
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摘要
电磁兼容(EMC—E1ectromagnetic Compatibility )问题是近几十年来迅猛发展的一门交叉性学科。从实用性来看,如不解决,已阻碍国际、国内贸易及社会的可持续发展;从科学性来看,它提出了许多挑战性的、多学科的研究问题。
本课题是天津市社会发展重点基金(05YFSYSF033)项目“电磁辐射骚扰抑制技术的研究”,本论文研究工作主要是围绕着电磁骚扰的三要素进行的,重点在于研究了计量仪器的辐射骚扰特性及其采取的有效抑制措施。论文的主要内容包括以下几个方面:
1.本文对电磁兼容的发展现状及内容进行了研究,讨论和分析了常见电磁骚扰源的特性及其耦合途径,并重点阐述了传导耦合、共阻抗耦合、感应耦合和辐射耦合的特性,为分析实际产品的电磁兼容性问题奠定了理论基础。
2.在对电磁兼容设计预测模型的研究过程中,利用场和路的预测模型方法分别对骚扰源、耦合途径和敏感设备进行了建模分析;建立了辐射电磁场对周围环境及其设备产生的共模骚扰电压与差模骚扰电压的数学模型,阐述了辐射电磁场对周围环境及其工作设备的辐射干扰特性,为解决实际产品的辐射骚扰问题,提供了理论依据和分析方法。
3.对同一辐射体的辐射骚扰场强与测试距离的关系进行了深入的研究。从理论上分析了电器及电子设备谐波电流产生的原因,获得了抑制谐波电流的方法。通过测量磁性磁芯电感器的插入损耗,进而得出材料的有效磁导率。给出EMI电源滤波器用电感器的高频等效电路模型,提出一种获得磁芯材料特性的参数分析法。
4. 2006年天津市政府更换出租车计价器,在政府招标检测中发现国内制造的计价器辐射骚扰指标不符合国家标准要求。针对这一实际问题,对计价器辐射骚扰进行了深入研究,采取了有效的抑制措施降低计价器的辐射干扰,采用3种措施:
①更改晶振电路设计,增加接地措施,降低辐射骚扰;
②增加滤波电路,抑制高次谐波,降低辐射骚扰。
③对出租车通讯电缆进行抗干扰设计。
通过项目研究,改进设计,解决了出租车计价器辐射骚扰指标不符合国家标准要求的问题。此项目的成功完成,使天津市32000多辆出租车安装了绿色环保计价器。
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is a fast growing area of science and technology.From the practical application point of view,if the EMC problems are not so1ved properly,it will affect the international and domestic business trading,the progress of the society and influence the health of people.The EMC problems have been paid much more attention by all societies and communities in the world due to its complexity and challenging problems.
The subject is supported by Science and Technology Committee of Tianjin(05YFSYSF033), and the paper mainly studies around three elements of the electromagnetic disturbance which are disturbance source、coupling path and sensitive equipment, and focuses on radiation disturbance characteristics of measuring apparatus, and illustrates the suppression technologies. The main contents are the following:
1. The paper studies the current situation in domestic and foreign and content of EMC. It discusses and analyses the characteristic of disturbance sources and coupling path, and mainly illustrates the characteristic of conductivity coupling、shared impedance coupling、induction coupling and radiation coupling. So it provides theoretical basic for actual problems.
2. It analyses the prediction model of EMC, and makes mathematical model applying field method and circuit method for disturbance source、coupling path and sensitive equipment. Then it studies on the mathematical model of common mode voltage and differential model voltage, and visually illustrates the characteristic of electromagnetic radiation field which forms strong radiation to surrounding environment and equipments. It provides theoretical basic and analysis method for actual problems.
3. This project gives a deep study for the relationship between field intensity of radiation interference and test distance within a same radiator. This paper analyses the causation of harmonic current emission of electrical equipments in theory. The method and effect of how to reduce emission are illustrated.The inductance's high frequency equivalent circuit model is given,and the parameter analysis method is provided from which the material performance of the ferrite core can be obtained.By testing the insert loss of the inductance with ferrite core,and then can obtain the effective magnetic permeability.
4. The Tianjin municipal government in 2006 replaced Taxi-meter with a new generation, the radiated disturbance indicators of domestically Taxi-meter do not meet national standards in the detection of the Government tender. In light of this issue, we studied the issue about the radiation disturbance very deeply, using three measures:
①changing the crystal oscillator circuit, increasing grounding, reducing radiation disturbance;
②adding filter circuit , suppressing the third harmonic, reducing radiation disturbance;
③the design of anti-interference of taxi cab.
Through studying the project and improving the design, we solved the problem that the taxi-meter radiation disturbance indicators do not meet national standards.32,000 taxis were installed non-radiation Taxi-meter in Tianjin.
本课题是天津市社会发展重点基金(05YFSYSF033)项目“电磁辐射骚扰抑制技术的研究”,本论文研究工作主要是围绕着电磁骚扰的三要素进行的,重点在于研究了计量仪器的辐射骚扰特性及其采取的有效抑制措施。论文的主要内容包括以下几个方面:
1.本文对电磁兼容的发展现状及内容进行了研究,讨论和分析了常见电磁骚扰源的特性及其耦合途径,并重点阐述了传导耦合、共阻抗耦合、感应耦合和辐射耦合的特性,为分析实际产品的电磁兼容性问题奠定了理论基础。
2.在对电磁兼容设计预测模型的研究过程中,利用场和路的预测模型方法分别对骚扰源、耦合途径和敏感设备进行了建模分析;建立了辐射电磁场对周围环境及其设备产生的共模骚扰电压与差模骚扰电压的数学模型,阐述了辐射电磁场对周围环境及其工作设备的辐射干扰特性,为解决实际产品的辐射骚扰问题,提供了理论依据和分析方法。
3.对同一辐射体的辐射骚扰场强与测试距离的关系进行了深入的研究。从理论上分析了电器及电子设备谐波电流产生的原因,获得了抑制谐波电流的方法。通过测量磁性磁芯电感器的插入损耗,进而得出材料的有效磁导率。给出EMI电源滤波器用电感器的高频等效电路模型,提出一种获得磁芯材料特性的参数分析法。
4. 2006年天津市政府更换出租车计价器,在政府招标检测中发现国内制造的计价器辐射骚扰指标不符合国家标准要求。针对这一实际问题,对计价器辐射骚扰进行了深入研究,采取了有效的抑制措施降低计价器的辐射干扰,采用3种措施:
①更改晶振电路设计,增加接地措施,降低辐射骚扰;
②增加滤波电路,抑制高次谐波,降低辐射骚扰。
③对出租车通讯电缆进行抗干扰设计。
通过项目研究,改进设计,解决了出租车计价器辐射骚扰指标不符合国家标准要求的问题。此项目的成功完成,使天津市32000多辆出租车安装了绿色环保计价器。
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is a fast growing area of science and technology.From the practical application point of view,if the EMC problems are not so1ved properly,it will affect the international and domestic business trading,the progress of the society and influence the health of people.The EMC problems have been paid much more attention by all societies and communities in the world due to its complexity and challenging problems.
The subject is supported by Science and Technology Committee of Tianjin(05YFSYSF033), and the paper mainly studies around three elements of the electromagnetic disturbance which are disturbance source、coupling path and sensitive equipment, and focuses on radiation disturbance characteristics of measuring apparatus, and illustrates the suppression technologies. The main contents are the following:
1. The paper studies the current situation in domestic and foreign and content of EMC. It discusses and analyses the characteristic of disturbance sources and coupling path, and mainly illustrates the characteristic of conductivity coupling、shared impedance coupling、induction coupling and radiation coupling. So it provides theoretical basic for actual problems.
2. It analyses the prediction model of EMC, and makes mathematical model applying field method and circuit method for disturbance source、coupling path and sensitive equipment. Then it studies on the mathematical model of common mode voltage and differential model voltage, and visually illustrates the characteristic of electromagnetic radiation field which forms strong radiation to surrounding environment and equipments. It provides theoretical basic and analysis method for actual problems.
3. This project gives a deep study for the relationship between field intensity of radiation interference and test distance within a same radiator. This paper analyses the causation of harmonic current emission of electrical equipments in theory. The method and effect of how to reduce emission are illustrated.The inductance's high frequency equivalent circuit model is given,and the parameter analysis method is provided from which the material performance of the ferrite core can be obtained.By testing the insert loss of the inductance with ferrite core,and then can obtain the effective magnetic permeability.
4. The Tianjin municipal government in 2006 replaced Taxi-meter with a new generation, the radiated disturbance indicators of domestically Taxi-meter do not meet national standards in the detection of the Government tender. In light of this issue, we studied the issue about the radiation disturbance very deeply, using three measures:
①changing the crystal oscillator circuit, increasing grounding, reducing radiation disturbance;
②adding filter circuit , suppressing the third harmonic, reducing radiation disturbance;
③the design of anti-interference of taxi cab.
Through studying the project and improving the design, we solved the problem that the taxi-meter radiation disturbance indicators do not meet national standards.32,000 taxis were installed non-radiation Taxi-meter in Tianjin.
引文
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