基于有限元法的矿井电磁波传播特性研究
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摘要
煤炭是我国的主要能源,煤炭生产在我国国民经济中占有举足轻重的地位。我国煤矿井下地质条件非常复杂,工作环境恶劣,矿井巷道长可达几十千米,作业点分散,采煤机电设备及人员流动性大,巷道和采掘工作面空间狭窄,环境中存在着大量的有爆炸危险的一氧化碳、瓦斯及煤尘等空气混合体,事故隐患极大。因此,建立完善的煤矿井下无线通信系统对于提高矿井现代化管理程度,提高劳动生产率,加强安全防范,保障矿工生命和国家财产的安全都有着非常重要的意义。本文作者在分析了现有矿井通信方式的基础上,提出了UHF通信方式是煤矿井下通信技术的一个重点发展方向,并从理论上详细分析了矿井中的电磁波传播特性:将矿井巷道看成一个理想波导,利用有限元分析方法,分析巷道的电磁波传播特性,建立矿井巷道电磁波的传播模型。
有限元法是求解数值方程的一种数值计算方法,是解决工程实际问题的一种有力的数值计算工具,它是将弹性理论、计算数学和计算机软件有机结合的一种数值分析技术。有限元法是根据变分原理和离散化而取得近似解的方法。它的优点在于适用范围广泛,可以应用于区域边界线和内部媒介分界线形状复杂、以及场域内场的分布变化较大的场合。有限元法分析的计算思路和做法为:区域离散——单元特性分析——建立方程组——方程组求解。
利用有限元方法,把矿井巷道看成不同截面形状的理想波导,分析其传播特性时,波导的截止频率和衰减常数是波导的重要参数,它们对电磁波能否在波导中有效传播起着决定性的作用。本文所要解决的主要问题就是分析UHF电波在煤矿巷道中的传播特性,建立矿井巷道电磁波的传播模型,并计算不同截面形状下矿井巷道中的电磁波传播的截止频率和衰减常数。本文分析了在材料相同情况下,UHF电波在矩形巷道、圆形巷道、拱形巷道中的传播特性,以及当横截面尺寸发生变化时,其截止频率和衰减常数相应的变化规律。
有限元方法中有很多分析软件,ANSYS软件就是其中一种。本文利用ANSYS软件,同样求解出UHF电波在不同截面形状下矿井巷道中的截止频率和衰减常数,并把得到的实验值和理论值进行了比较分析,给出了有意的结论,为煤矿井下电磁波传播理论提供了理论上和实验上的依据。
The coal is our country's primary energy. The coal production holds the pivotal status in our country national economy. The geological condition of our country's coal mine is complex, the working conditions are bad, the mine roadway up dozens of kilometer long, work scattering of the points, the electromechanical device of the mines and the personnel fluidity is big, the tunnel and the excavation work space of planes is narrow, the environment exists massive air mixtures and so on explosion hazard carbon monoxide, gas and coal dust, the accident potential is enormous. Therefore, establishes the perfect coal mine shaft mobile communication system regarding to enhance the mine pit modern management degree, raises the labor productivity, strengthens the safe guard, safeguards the miner life and the state property security has the very vital significance. In the base of the exiting mine communication, this article author proposed the UHF mailing address is a coal mine shaft communication prioritize direction. Mine roadway in theory will be seen as an ideal waveguide, using finite element analysis methods, analysis the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics of roadway, and the establishment of mine roadway electromagnetic wave propagation model.
The finite element method is one of the numerical calculus method to solve the numeral equation, one kind of powerful numerical calculus tools to solve the project actual problem.It is a numerical analysis technology that union the theory of elasticity, the computational mathematics and the computer software organic synthesis. The finite element method is obtains the approximate solution according to the variational principle and the discretization the method. Its merit lies in the applicable scope to be widespread, may apply in the region boundary line and the internal medium boundary shape complex, as well as the field territory infield distribution change big situation. The finite element method analysis's computation's mentality and the procedure are: Region separate - unit characteristic analysis - establishment equation set - equation set solution.
Using the finite element method, regards as the mine pit tunnel the different section shape the perfect waveguide, when analyzes its dissemination characteristic, wave guide's cut-off frequency and the attenuation constant are wave guide's key parameters, their electromagnetic waveguide can effectively play a decisive role in the dissemination. This article needs to solve the subject matter is to analysis the UHF electric wave disseminates when in the coal mine tunnel, and computation the mine pit tunnel's electromagnetic wave dissemination cut-off frequency and attenuation constant in different section shape. This article has analyzed the UHF electric wave's dissemination in rectangular tunnel, circular tunnel and arch tunnel in the same material situation, as well as, when the lateral section size changes, its cut-off frequency and attenuation constant corresponding change rule.
The finite element method has many analysis software, the ANSYS software is one kind. This article using the ANSYS software, solves the UHF electric wave's cut-off frequency and the attenuation constant under the different section shape in the mine pit tunnel, and the actual value which and the theoretical value obtained has carried on the comparative analysis, has given the conclusion which intended, corresponded the frequency choice for the mine pit tunnel to lay the foundation. Figure [43] table [14] reference[55]
有限元法是求解数值方程的一种数值计算方法,是解决工程实际问题的一种有力的数值计算工具,它是将弹性理论、计算数学和计算机软件有机结合的一种数值分析技术。有限元法是根据变分原理和离散化而取得近似解的方法。它的优点在于适用范围广泛,可以应用于区域边界线和内部媒介分界线形状复杂、以及场域内场的分布变化较大的场合。有限元法分析的计算思路和做法为:区域离散——单元特性分析——建立方程组——方程组求解。
利用有限元方法,把矿井巷道看成不同截面形状的理想波导,分析其传播特性时,波导的截止频率和衰减常数是波导的重要参数,它们对电磁波能否在波导中有效传播起着决定性的作用。本文所要解决的主要问题就是分析UHF电波在煤矿巷道中的传播特性,建立矿井巷道电磁波的传播模型,并计算不同截面形状下矿井巷道中的电磁波传播的截止频率和衰减常数。本文分析了在材料相同情况下,UHF电波在矩形巷道、圆形巷道、拱形巷道中的传播特性,以及当横截面尺寸发生变化时,其截止频率和衰减常数相应的变化规律。
有限元方法中有很多分析软件,ANSYS软件就是其中一种。本文利用ANSYS软件,同样求解出UHF电波在不同截面形状下矿井巷道中的截止频率和衰减常数,并把得到的实验值和理论值进行了比较分析,给出了有意的结论,为煤矿井下电磁波传播理论提供了理论上和实验上的依据。
The coal is our country's primary energy. The coal production holds the pivotal status in our country national economy. The geological condition of our country's coal mine is complex, the working conditions are bad, the mine roadway up dozens of kilometer long, work scattering of the points, the electromechanical device of the mines and the personnel fluidity is big, the tunnel and the excavation work space of planes is narrow, the environment exists massive air mixtures and so on explosion hazard carbon monoxide, gas and coal dust, the accident potential is enormous. Therefore, establishes the perfect coal mine shaft mobile communication system regarding to enhance the mine pit modern management degree, raises the labor productivity, strengthens the safe guard, safeguards the miner life and the state property security has the very vital significance. In the base of the exiting mine communication, this article author proposed the UHF mailing address is a coal mine shaft communication prioritize direction. Mine roadway in theory will be seen as an ideal waveguide, using finite element analysis methods, analysis the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics of roadway, and the establishment of mine roadway electromagnetic wave propagation model.
The finite element method is one of the numerical calculus method to solve the numeral equation, one kind of powerful numerical calculus tools to solve the project actual problem.It is a numerical analysis technology that union the theory of elasticity, the computational mathematics and the computer software organic synthesis. The finite element method is obtains the approximate solution according to the variational principle and the discretization the method. Its merit lies in the applicable scope to be widespread, may apply in the region boundary line and the internal medium boundary shape complex, as well as the field territory infield distribution change big situation. The finite element method analysis's computation's mentality and the procedure are: Region separate - unit characteristic analysis - establishment equation set - equation set solution.
Using the finite element method, regards as the mine pit tunnel the different section shape the perfect waveguide, when analyzes its dissemination characteristic, wave guide's cut-off frequency and the attenuation constant are wave guide's key parameters, their electromagnetic waveguide can effectively play a decisive role in the dissemination. This article needs to solve the subject matter is to analysis the UHF electric wave disseminates when in the coal mine tunnel, and computation the mine pit tunnel's electromagnetic wave dissemination cut-off frequency and attenuation constant in different section shape. This article has analyzed the UHF electric wave's dissemination in rectangular tunnel, circular tunnel and arch tunnel in the same material situation, as well as, when the lateral section size changes, its cut-off frequency and attenuation constant corresponding change rule.
The finite element method has many analysis software, the ANSYS software is one kind. This article using the ANSYS software, solves the UHF electric wave's cut-off frequency and the attenuation constant under the different section shape in the mine pit tunnel, and the actual value which and the theoretical value obtained has carried on the comparative analysis, has given the conclusion which intended, corresponded the frequency choice for the mine pit tunnel to lay the foundation. Figure [43] table [14] reference[55]
引文
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[2]Wait J R.Propagation in Rectangular Tunnel with Imperfectly Conducting Walls[J].Electronics Letters,1980,16(3):521-522
[3]Deryck,L.Radio communication in tunnels[J].Electronics Letters,1972,8(3):71-72
[4]Delogne.P.EM Propagation in Tunnels[J].IEEE Trans on Antennas and Propagation,1991(3):401-405
[5]Yamaguchi,Y,Abe,T,Sckiguchi,T.Attenuation Constants of UHF Radio Waves in Arches Tunnels[J].lEEE Transactions on EMC,1989,3(11):87-91
[6]王增和,王培章等.电磁场与电磁波[M].第一版.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[7]毕德显.电磁场理论[M].第二版.北京:电子工业出版社,1985
[8]倪光正,钱秀英等.电磁场数值计算[M].第一版.北京:高等教育出版社,1996
[9]金建铭著.电磁场有限元方法[M].第一版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001:8-21
[10]林为干,符果行等著.电磁场理论[M].第一版.北京:人民邮电出版社,1996,426-431
[11]孙继平,石庆东.矩形隧道中的列车对电磁波截止频率的影响[J].电波科学学报,2001,16(1).100-102
[12]JC Cook.Radar transparencies of mine and tunnel rocks[J].Geophysics,1975,40(5):865-885
[13]保罗.德隆涅编著.漏泄馈线和地下无线电通信[M]第一版.北京:北京人民邮电出版社,1988:9-53
[14]徐汗詟,矩形波导中的场分布[J].大学物理,1993,12(10):9-10
[15]田晓岑,波导管与谐振腔的边界条件[J].大学物理,2001,20(5):10-13
[16]Madhavan Swaminathan et al.Computation of Cutoff Wavenumbers of TE and TM Mode in waveguides of Arbitrary Cross Sections Using a Surface Intergral Formulation[J].IEEE Transctions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,1990,38(2):154-159
[17]Qinhong Zheng et al.Application of the Multiple Theory Method to the Analysis of Waveguides with Sharp Metal Edges[J].Microwave and Optical Technology Letters,2001,28(2):101-105
[18]Qinhong Zheng et al.Solution of two-dimensional Helmholtz equation by multiple theory method[J].Journal of Electromagnetic Wavesand Applications,1999,13(2):205-220
[19]Madhavan Swaminathan,Tapan K.Smark.Conductor Loss in Hollow Waveguides Using a Surface Integral Formulation[J].IEEE Transctions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,1992,40(11):2034-2041
[20]张峰慧,矩形波导中波型的两种判别法及比较[J].山西师大学报(自然科学版),1994,8(1):26-27
[21]邬良能,徐江峰.圆波导界面电磁场的传播特性[J].中国计量学院学报,2002,13(1):32-39
[22]张文俊,高磊等.圆波导结构中TMO和TEO模式传输特性的时域分析法[J].微波学报,1994,38(3):46-50
[23]郑国武等.一种用于研究圆形导波结构的时域分析法[J].微波学报,1993,2:12-17
[24]刘钦基.关于圆形波导中的TE模式[J].广西民族学院学报(自然科学版),1992,2:62-64
[25]邓凡平.ANSYS10.0有限元分析自学手册[M].第一版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007:444-447
[26]I.M.Smith,D.V.Griffiths著.有限元方法编程[M].第三版.北京:电子工业出版社,2003:40-81
[27]阎照文等编著.ANSYS10.0工程电磁分析技术与实例分析[M].第一版.北京:水利水电出版社,2006:27-303
[28]阚前华,谭长建等编著.ANSYS高级工程应用实例分析与二次开发[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:38-51
[29]刘坤编著.ANSYS有限元方法精解[M].第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,2005:33-18
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