公共交通系统规划若干关键问题研究
|
摘要
在提升城市活力方面公共交通扮演着重要角色。公共交通被广泛的认为是减少交通拥堵,改善城市环境,使公众平等的融入社会生活的手段。
本文主要内容如下:
(1)通过分析天津市1996年至2005年客运量变化及客运量的影响因素,运用多元回归分析法、灰色模型两种预测方法,建立天津市公交客运量预测模型,并利用历史数据进行了模拟和验证。通过残差分析等进行择优,提高了预测精度。
(2)以公交运营调度系统为研究背景,在客流调查的基础之上,建立了两个公交车辆优化调度模型:其一为静态模型,确定了车辆在整个运营时间内的同一发车时间间隔;其二为动态模型,确定了车辆在不同客流时段内的不同发车时间间隔,整体实现最优。
(3)对驾驶员调度问题的基本概念进行了描述,使用整数规划模型以及启发式算法求解,前者生成良好的可行解,后者改进结果质量。选取了天津5路公交公司的数据对所设计的模型和算法进行了实验。
(4)以区域网络中总权重最大为目标建立区域公交时刻表模型。定义了权重系数,并分别给出了节点和线路的权重系数的计算方法,分析了公交站点的容量问题,在此基础上建立了相应的数学模型来解决基于最大同步换乘的公交区域调度优化问题。采用启发式算法对模型分别在考虑权重和不考虑权重的情况下分别进行求解,通过对比验证了该模型有效的实现了同时到达网络中换乘点的公交车总权重数最大的目标,从而使网络中需要换乘的乘客可以在最短的等待时间内在换乘点从一条线路转到另一条线路上。
(5)研究了公交车到站时间预测的内容和方法,建立了公交车辆到站时间预测模型。将公交车行程时间分为三部分:自由行驶时间、交叉口延误时间、站点延误时间,分别用自回归移动平均模型、Webster交叉口延误模型、乘客上下车延误模型对相邻站点间的行程时间进行预测,最后进行汇总。运用这几种方法进行到站时间预测,能够准确地预测出公交车辆的到站时间。
Public transportation plays an important role in the dynamic of many cities. I t is widely recognized as a means to reduce traffic congestion, to imporove urban environment conditions and to contribute to the social inclusion of the inbabitants.
The major contents and research progress are as follows:
(1)By analysis the change of passenger capacity and influencing factor of passenger capacity between 1996 and 2005 in Tianjin, the paper established passenger capacity prediction model by using multivariate regession analyse and gray model.And these model were also simulated and proofed with history data.In order to improve the forecasting accuracy,it applies residual error analyse.
(2)With the operation dispatching system as a research background, this paper suggests two mathematic models based on the quantity of the passengers. One is a static model, which plans the same interval in the whole operation period. The other model is a dynamic one which can plan the different interval in different operation period. The purpose of the models is to make optimization of bus route network.
(3)The paper first explains the concepts of the driver scheduling problem. Combined with the development of the driver scheduling problem, some methods of the problem are introduced. The techniques used are based on integer programming models coupled with heuristics. The former produces good feasible solutions, and the latter improves the quality of the final solution. And at last, an example is given to prove the feasible of the approach. The result concludes that the approach improves crew and vehicle efficiency.
(4)Take regional network in total weight most greatly as goal setup area public transportation timetable model. This paper has defined the weighting factor, and has given the node and line's weighting factor formula separately, then the multianalysis public transportation stand's capacity question, has based on this established the corresponding mathematical model to solve the public transportation region dispatcher who transfers based on the biggest synchronization to optimize the question. Uses the heuristic algorithm to the model separately in the consideration weight and did not consider that the weight in the situation carries on the solution separately, confirmed this model through the contrast effectively to realize simultaneously arrived in the network to transfer the public transportation total weight number biggest goal, thus enabled the passenger who in the network needed to transfer to be possible, in the shortest standby period intrinsic transferred to change to another line from a line.
(5)This paper studies the contents and methods of the bus arrival time prediction, and establishes the bus arrival time prediction model.This article divides the travel time into three parts: free travel time, road intersection delay time, stop delay time, using the combration of Autoregressive and Moving Average models, on the Webster road intersection delay model and the delay duing to passengers on or getting out model respectively to forcast the travel time, finally carries on compiles.
本文主要内容如下:
(1)通过分析天津市1996年至2005年客运量变化及客运量的影响因素,运用多元回归分析法、灰色模型两种预测方法,建立天津市公交客运量预测模型,并利用历史数据进行了模拟和验证。通过残差分析等进行择优,提高了预测精度。
(2)以公交运营调度系统为研究背景,在客流调查的基础之上,建立了两个公交车辆优化调度模型:其一为静态模型,确定了车辆在整个运营时间内的同一发车时间间隔;其二为动态模型,确定了车辆在不同客流时段内的不同发车时间间隔,整体实现最优。
(3)对驾驶员调度问题的基本概念进行了描述,使用整数规划模型以及启发式算法求解,前者生成良好的可行解,后者改进结果质量。选取了天津5路公交公司的数据对所设计的模型和算法进行了实验。
(4)以区域网络中总权重最大为目标建立区域公交时刻表模型。定义了权重系数,并分别给出了节点和线路的权重系数的计算方法,分析了公交站点的容量问题,在此基础上建立了相应的数学模型来解决基于最大同步换乘的公交区域调度优化问题。采用启发式算法对模型分别在考虑权重和不考虑权重的情况下分别进行求解,通过对比验证了该模型有效的实现了同时到达网络中换乘点的公交车总权重数最大的目标,从而使网络中需要换乘的乘客可以在最短的等待时间内在换乘点从一条线路转到另一条线路上。
(5)研究了公交车到站时间预测的内容和方法,建立了公交车辆到站时间预测模型。将公交车行程时间分为三部分:自由行驶时间、交叉口延误时间、站点延误时间,分别用自回归移动平均模型、Webster交叉口延误模型、乘客上下车延误模型对相邻站点间的行程时间进行预测,最后进行汇总。运用这几种方法进行到站时间预测,能够准确地预测出公交车辆的到站时间。
Public transportation plays an important role in the dynamic of many cities. I t is widely recognized as a means to reduce traffic congestion, to imporove urban environment conditions and to contribute to the social inclusion of the inbabitants.
The major contents and research progress are as follows:
(1)By analysis the change of passenger capacity and influencing factor of passenger capacity between 1996 and 2005 in Tianjin, the paper established passenger capacity prediction model by using multivariate regession analyse and gray model.And these model were also simulated and proofed with history data.In order to improve the forecasting accuracy,it applies residual error analyse.
(2)With the operation dispatching system as a research background, this paper suggests two mathematic models based on the quantity of the passengers. One is a static model, which plans the same interval in the whole operation period. The other model is a dynamic one which can plan the different interval in different operation period. The purpose of the models is to make optimization of bus route network.
(3)The paper first explains the concepts of the driver scheduling problem. Combined with the development of the driver scheduling problem, some methods of the problem are introduced. The techniques used are based on integer programming models coupled with heuristics. The former produces good feasible solutions, and the latter improves the quality of the final solution. And at last, an example is given to prove the feasible of the approach. The result concludes that the approach improves crew and vehicle efficiency.
(4)Take regional network in total weight most greatly as goal setup area public transportation timetable model. This paper has defined the weighting factor, and has given the node and line's weighting factor formula separately, then the multianalysis public transportation stand's capacity question, has based on this established the corresponding mathematical model to solve the public transportation region dispatcher who transfers based on the biggest synchronization to optimize the question. Uses the heuristic algorithm to the model separately in the consideration weight and did not consider that the weight in the situation carries on the solution separately, confirmed this model through the contrast effectively to realize simultaneously arrived in the network to transfer the public transportation total weight number biggest goal, thus enabled the passenger who in the network needed to transfer to be possible, in the shortest standby period intrinsic transferred to change to another line from a line.
(5)This paper studies the contents and methods of the bus arrival time prediction, and establishes the bus arrival time prediction model.This article divides the travel time into three parts: free travel time, road intersection delay time, stop delay time, using the combration of Autoregressive and Moving Average models, on the Webster road intersection delay model and the delay duing to passengers on or getting out model respectively to forcast the travel time, finally carries on compiles.
引文
[1]Valerie Guihaire, Jin-Kao Hao. Transit network design and scheduling: A global review. Transportation Research Part A .2008,42:1251~1273.
[2]陈云新.公交车线路运营调度及评估系统的研究与实现. [硕士学位论文]中南大学,2005
[3]黄平.城市公交线网规划与枢纽规划的研究.[硕士学位论文],武汉大学,2005
[4]覃运梅.城市公交调度优化方法研究. [硕士学位论文]合肥工业大学,2006.
[5]覃运梅,郝忠娜,王玲玲。单车场公交车辆调度问题的研究。铁道运输与经济。2008,30(11):87~90
[6] Bertossi, A.A., Carraresi, P., Gallo, G.. On some matching problems arising in vehicle scheduling models. Networks, 1987,17, 271~281.
[7] Ribeiro, C.C., Soumis, F. A column generation approach to the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem. Operations Research ,1994,42 (1): 41~52.
[8] L?bel, A. Vehicle scheduling in public transit and Lagrangean pricing. Operations Research ,1998,44(12): 1637~1649.
[9]Hadjar, A., Marcotte, O., Soumis, F. A branch-and-cut algorithm for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem. Operations Research, 2006,54 (1): 130~149.
[10] Kliewer, N., Mellouli, T., Suhl, L.. A time-space network based exact optimization model for multi-depot bus scheduling. European Journal of Operational Research ,2006,175 (3): 1616~1627.
[11] Wren, A., Rousseau, J.-M. Bus driver scheduling– an overview. In: Daduna, J.R., Branco, I.,Paix?o, J.M.P. (Eds.), Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Heidelberg ,Springer-Verlag, 1995,vol. 430: 173~187.
[12] Smith, B.M., Wren, A. A bus crew scheduling system using a set covering formulation. Transportation Research ,1988,Part A(22): 97~108.
[13] Curtis, S.D., Smith, B.M., Wren, A. Forming bus driver schedules using constraint programming.In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on the Practical Application of Constraint Technologies and Logic Programming (PACLP99). London, The Practical Application Company, 1999.239~254.
[14] Fores, S., Proll, L., Wren, A. TRACS II: A hybrid IP/heuristic driver scheduling system for public transport. Journal of the Operational Research Society,2002, 53: 1093~1100.
[15] Desrochers,M., Soumis, F. A column generation approach to the urban transit crew scheduling problem. Transportation Science ,1989,23:1~13.
[16] Desrochers, M., Soumis, F. A generalized permanent labeling algorithm for the shortest path problem with time windows. INFOR,1988, 26, 191~212.
[17]Desaulniers, G., Desrosiers, J., Ioachim, I., Solomon, M.M., Soumis, F., Villeneuve, D. A unified framework for deterministic time constrained vehicle routing and crew scheduling problems.In: Crainic, T.G., Laporte, G. (Eds.), Fleet Management and Logistics. Norwell, MA, Kluwer Academic, 1998a. 57~93.
[18] Irnich, S., Desaulniers, G. Shortest path problems with resource constraints. In: Desaulniers, G., Desrosiers, J., Solomon, M.M. (Eds.), Column Generation. New York, Springer-Verlag, 2005. 33~65.
[19] Desrosiers, J., Rousseau, J.-M. Results obtained with crew-opt: A column generation method for transit crew scheduling. In: Daduna, J.R., Branco, I., Paix?o, J.M.P. (Eds.), Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling. Lectures Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 1995, vol. 430.:349~358.
[20] Barnhart, C., Johnson, E.L., Nemhauser, G.L., Savelsbergh, M.W.P., Vance, P.H. Branch-andprice:Column generation for solving huge integer programs. Operations Research ,1998,46:316~329.
[21] du Merle, O., Villeneuve, D., Desrosiers, J., Hansen, P. Stabilized column generation. Discrete Mathematics ,1999,194:229~237.
[22] Desaulniers, G., Desrosiers, J., Solomon, M.M. Accelerating strategies for column generation methods in vehicle routing and crew scheduling problems. In: Ribeiro, C.C., Hansen, P. (Eds.), Essays and Surveys in Metaheuristics. Norwell, MA, Kluwer Academic, 2002, 309~324.
[23] Bornd?rfer, R., Gr?tschel, M., L?bel, A. Duty scheduling in public transit. In: J?ger,W., Krebs,H.-J. (Eds.), Mathematics– Key Technology for the Future. New York, Springer-Verlag, 2003. 653~674.
[24] Freling, R., Wagelmans, A.P.M., Paix?o, J.M.P. An overview of models and techniques for integrating vehicle and crew scheduling. In:Wilson, N.H.M. (Ed.), Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling.Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag ,1999, 471, 441~460.
[25] Freling, R., Huisman, D., Wagelmans, A.P.M. Models and algorithms for integration of vehicle and crew scheduling. Journal of Scheduling 2003,6: 63~85.
[26] de Silva, A. Combining constraint programming and linear programming on an example of bus driver scheduling. Annals of Operations Research .2001,108: 277~291.
[27] Desrochers,M., Soumis, F. A column generation approach to the urban transit crew scheduling problem. Transportation Science , 1989.23: 1~13.
[28] Kwan, A.S.K., Kwan, R.S.K., Wren, A. Driver scheduling using genetic algorithms with embedded combinatorial traits. In: Wilson, N.H.M. (Ed.), Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag,vol.471.1999, 81~102.
[29] Kwan, A.S.K., Kwan, R.S.K., Wren, A. Evolutionary driver scheduling with relief chains. Evolutionary Computing,2001, 9:445~460.
[30] Shen, S.,Wilson, N.H.M. An optimal integrated real-time disruption controlmodel for rail transit systems. In: Voss, S., Daduna, J. (Eds.), Computer-Aided Scheduling of Public Transport. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2001, vol. 503. 335~363.
[31]Louren?o, H.R., Paix?o, J.P., Portugal, R. Multiobjective metaheuristics for the bus-driver scheduling problem. Transportation Science. 2001,35 (3), 331~343.
[32]熊玲关于公交车调度问题的研究.武汉科技学院学报2005, 18(1):29~32
[33]陈茜,牛学勤等.公交线路发车频率优化模型[J].公路交通科技,2004,21(2):103~105.
[34]童刚.公交调度模型及算法。青岛科技大学学报,2004, 25(3) :253~257
[35]滕靖,杨晓光.面向换乘枢纽的公共汽车协调调度模式研究,城市交通, 2006 , 4 (5): 19~25.
[36]刘志刚,申金升.区域公交时刻表及车辆调度双层规划模型:系统工程理论与实践,2007,(11):135~141.
[37]郭文莲,罗湘武。公交车辆隔站停车运行模式研究。湖南交通科技,2008,34(4):155~157
[38]汪洋,陈小鸿,杨超等。道路快速公交运营调度目标研究。城市轨道交通研究,2009,3:25~29
[39] Lamatsch A. An approach to vehicle scheduling with depot capacity constraints[C].M.Desrochers,J.M.Rousseau,(Eds.):Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling,Springer,1992,181~195.
[40] A.Ceder,B.Golany,O.Tal.Creating bus timetables with maximal Synchronization [J]. Transportation Research Part A 2001,35: 913~928
[41]石琴,覃运梅,黄志鹏.公交区域调度的最大同步换乘模型,中国公路学报,2007 20(6): 90~94.
[42]郭冠英.中途停靠站公交线路数上限的确定及驻站时间计算模型.上海公路,2000(2):7~10.
[43] Michael D.Meyer, Eric J.Miller.(杨孝宽)。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008,225~230
[44]郭瑞军。交通运输系统工程。北京:国防工业出版社,2008,103~109
[45]杨洋,基于运输一体化的区域交通运输需求预测研究,[硕士学位论文]吉林大学,2005。
[46] Nancy L.Nilian et al.Use of the box and Jenkins time series technique in traffic forecasting.Transportation.1980,9(2):125~143.
[47] BrianL.Smith,BillyM.Williams, R.Keithoswald.Comparison of parametric and nonparametric models for traffic flow forecasting [J]. Transportion Research Part C, 2002,10:303~321
[48] Ledoux Corinne.An Urban Traffic Flow Models Integration Neural Networks [J].Transportion Research.1997:287~300.
[49]杨新苗,王炜,顾维平,周明保.公交线路客流模糊神经网络预测模型.公路交通科技,2000,17(4):38~46。
[50]胡思继.交通运输学.北京:中国铁道出版社,2001:28~31
[51]刘洁,魏连雨,杨春风.基于遗传神经网络的交通量预测.长安大学学报.2003(1):68~70.
[52]冯树民,李晓冬。公交客流生成预测的神经网络模型。交通运输系统工程与信息。2006,6(1):68~70
[53]范海雁,范炳全,张林峰。灰色BP网络预测方法在公交客流预测中的应用。上海理工大学学报(社会科学版)2003,25(1):25~28
[54]李建斌.城际轨道交通客流预测原则与方法探讨[J].铁道勘测与设计,2002,(4):39~41。
[55]霍娅敏,李德刚.成都市公路客运量预测[J].交通标准化.2005,11:161~164
[56]天津市统计局。2006天津统计年鉴。北京:中国统计出版社,2006,250 ~280
[57]鲍德风,路永华.内蒙古自治区客运量预测模型内蒙古农业大学学报。2007,28(4):63~168
[58]纪跃芝,冯延辉.应用灰色系统GM(1 ,1)模型预测长春市公路客运量[J].吉林工学院学报, 1997 ,18(2) :52 ~56.
[59]张欢勇,戴文战。灰色GM(1,1)预测模型的改进。浙江理工大学学报,2009,26(1):142~145。
[60]马记钊。组合模型在交通需求预测中的应用—以内蒙古自治区客运量预侧为例。北方经济,2001,10:85~86.
[61]田宜君,朱锋峰。基于GM(1,1)模型和灰色关联度的组合预测新方法。科学技术与工程,2009,9(4):842~844
[62]石峻.智能公交调度系统的优化研究与实现研究. [硕士学位论文]山东大学,2005
[63]胡运权等.运筹学.清华大学出,2003,194~206
[64]杨兆升,胡坚明。城市公共交通智能化调度系统实施方案研究。ITS通讯,2001,2:7~11
[65]沈吟东,倪郁东.基于整数规划的驾驶员调度系统—TRACS II.《运筹与管理》,2005,14(3): 76~80.
[66]沈吟东,曾西洋.公共交通驾驶员调度的复杂性及解决方法[J].计算机科学,2003,31(9): 226~229.
[67]张斐斐.公共交通驾驶员调度问题研究:[硕士学位论文],北京:北京交通大学,2007
[68] Guy Desaulniers,Mark D. Hickman.Public Transit.Handbook in OR & MS, 2007,14: 69~127
[69]衡玉明.城市公交网络可靠性研究. [硕士学位论文]北京交通大学,2006.
[70]莫露全.城市公共交通运营管理.北京:中国铁道出版社,2004年,58~70
[71]王春才,赵坚.北京市公交系统两种运行模式的比较.北京交通大学学报,2006,5(2):1~5.
[72]陈明明.城市公交车辆的组合调度问题的研究:[硕士学位论文],兰州交通大学,2007
[73]童刚.公交调度模型及算法.青岛科技大学学报,2004, 25(3): 253~257
[74]何迪,严余松,户佐安等.基于区域协同的公交发射时刻表模型。计算机应用研究。2009,26(4):1282~1285.
[75]戴帅,陈艳艳,荣建等.公共交通系统的可靠度研究.北京工业大学学报,2006,32(9):813~816.
[76]童刚.遗传算法在公交调度中的应用研究.计算机工程,2005, 31(13):29~31
[77]杨明,石晶.遗传算法在公交调度中的应用研究.辽宁工学院学报, 2006,26(4):329~331
[78]张文贵.基于遗传算法的公交车辆调度优化研究:[硕士学位论文],北京:中国地质大学,2007
[79]任传祥等.基于遗传禁忌搜索算法的公交调度研究.山东科技大学学报,2008,27 (4)
[80] Maikol M. Rodrigues,Cid C. de Souza,Arnaldo V. Moura.Vehicle and crew scheduling for urban bus lines.European Journal of Operational Research,2006,170: 844~862
[81] Knut Haase ,Guy Desaulniers,Jacques Desrosiers.Simultaneous Vehicle and Crew Scheduling in Urban Mass Transit Systems.Transportation Science , 2001,35(3): 286~303
[82] Christos Valouxis, Efthymios Housos.Combined bus and driver scheduling.Computers & Operations Research 2002,29: 243~259
[83] Marta Mesquita , Ana Paias . Set partitioning/covering-based approaches for the integrated vehicle and crew scheduling problem.Computers & Operations Research ,2008,35:1562~1575
[84]王炜,陈淑燕,胡晓健.“一路一线直行式”公交模式下公交车行驶诱导和调度集成方法.东南大学学报(自然科学版) 2008,06:1110~1115.
[85]张飞舟,晏磊等.智能交通系统中的公交车辆动态调度研究.公路交通科技, 2002, 2( 6) :34~37.
[86] J.F. Guan, Hai Yang, S.C. Wirasinghe .Simultaneous optimization of transit line configuration and passenger line assignment[J] Transportation Research Part B 2006,40: 885~902
[87]吴孟玙. GPS环境下公车调度排班的专家系统研究[硕士学位论文].台湾大学土木工程系, 2003.
[88]钱大琳,孙艳丰.离散非平衡公交网络优化模型及其求解算法.北方交通大学学报2001,(02):58~61
[89]王震宇,崔宏巍,黄卫.高速公路车辆故障紧急支援系统结构研究.公路交通科技, 2003, ( 8):105~109 .
[90]陈明明.城市公交组合调度问题的研究. [硕士学位论文]兰州交通大学,2007.
[91] Zhu W.frequency scheduling for terminal queuing routers.Proceedings of 7th IFAC/IFORS Symoposium on Transportation Sytems.1994:70~77
[92] Xu J. Stady of dynamic headway control dispatching rules.Dissertation of University Ottawa.1995.
[93] Marques A.et at.Flexible dynamic scheduling:a major improvement for public transport.Proceedings of the International Conference on Application of Advanced in Transportation Engineering,New York,1996:134~138.
[94] Vijayaraghavan T.A.S.Vehicle scheduling in urban transportation with quick and cut trip insertions for fleet reduction.Transportation Planning and Technology, 1988: 105~120.
[95] Furth P.G.Alternating deadheading in bus route operation.Transportation Science,1988:45~ 52.
[96] Li Yihua,Wu Fujun.Real-time scheduling on a transit bus route.In Computer Scheduling of Public Transport,Springer-Verlag,1992:213~235.
[97] Delle Site P,Fillippi F.Servive optimizationg for bus corridors with short-turn strategies and variable vehicle size.Transportation Research,Part A,1998:19~38.
[98]孙芙灵.公交调度中发车间隔的确定方法的探讨.西安公路交通大学学报,1997,17(ZB):44~48.
[99]任传样,张海,范跃祖.混合遗传一模拟退火算法在公交智能调度中的应用.系统仿真学报,2005,17(3):2075~2081.
[100]张飞舟.公交车辆智能调度及相关技术研究:[博士学位论文].北京:北京航空航天大学,2000.
[101]童刚.公交调度模型及算法.青岛科技大学学报,2004,25(3):253~257.
[102]蓝强,刘超惫等.公交车调度问题的研究.工程数学学报,2002,19(F02):59
[103]邹迎.公交区域调度行车计划编制方法研究,交通运输系统工程与信息, 2007 ,7(3): 78~82.
[104]王大勇,臧学运,王海星。公交区域车辆调度优化研究现状与发展。北京交通大学学报,2008,(03):42~45
[105]刘志刚,申金升.区域公交时刻表及车辆调度双层规划模型:系统工程理论与实践,2007,(11):135~141.
[106]沈吟东,夏家宏.公交区城运营模式在我国的应用研究,科技进步与对策,2004(8):88~90.
[107]方鹤。面向区域的公交调度方法研究,[硕士学位论文]河北工业大学,2007
[108] Lee, M., Schonfeld, P, Optimal slack time for timed transferred at transit terminal. Journal of Advanced Transportation. 1991.25(3): 281~290
[109] Maged Dessouk,Randolph Hall,Ali Nowroozi,Karen Mourikas.Bus disPatching at timed transfer transit stations using bus tracking [J]. Transportation Research Part C 7.1999: 187~208.
[110] John D.Riley,Evaluation Of Travel Time Estimates Derived From Automatic Vehicle Identification Tags In SAN ANTONIO,TX,Master Degree
[111] Fulin Zhu,Locations Of AVI System And Travel Time Forecasting,Master Degree
[112] Z.Wall,D.J.Dailey.An Algorithm for Predicting the Arrival Time of MassTransit Vehicles Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data.78th Annul Meeting ofTransportation Research Board.1999:319
[113] Maged Dessouky , Randolph Hall , Lei Zhang, Ajay Singh. Real-time control of buses for schedule coordinationat a terminal. Transportation Research PartA .2003,145~164
[114]孙喜梅,杨兆升.城市公共交通站点间实时动态行程时间预测的模型.吉林大学学报.2002,32(1):47~51
[115]郭景峰,侯爽,王金慧.一种动态路段行程时间的预测模型.计算机工程与科学. 2005,27(5):73~74
[116]周文霞,徐建闽,刘正东.基于卡尔曼滤波算法的公交车辆行程时间预测[A].交通标准化.2007,2/3:174~177
[117]傅惠、徐建闽.基于卡尔曼滤波的路径行程时间预测方法.微计息.2007,23(8):290~292
[118]杭明升,杨晓光,彭国雄.基于卡尔曼滤波的高速道路行程时间动态预测.同济大学学报.2002,30(9):1068~1072
[119]杨兆升,朱中.基于BP神经网络的路径行程时间实时预测模型.系统工程理论与实践.1999,8(8):59~64
[120]肖静,邹传平,郑冬喜.浅谈BP神经网络预测模型[A].科技资讯导报.2007(2):9
[121]杨志宏,杨兆升,于德新,陈林.基于马尔可夫排队模型的行程时间预测方法.吉林大学学报(工学版).2004,10(4):671~674
[122]朱彦,曹彦荣,杜道生。城市快速路行程时间的统计分析与预测。交通运输工程与信息学报,2009,7(1):93~98
[123]郭景峰,侯爽,王金慈.一种动态路段行程时间的预测模型.计算机工程与科学.2005,27(5):73~74
[124]杨昊,钟雁,钱大琳.城市交通流路段行程时间预测.北方交通大学学报.2001,25(2):65~69
[125] Rajat Rajbhandari.Bus arrival time prediction using Stochastic time series and Markov chains.Ph.D.New Jersey Institute of Technology, 2005
[126] Sang-Ock Kim.Develop of arriva l time based uniform delay models for oversaturated signalized intersection.Ph.D.dissertation. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2005.
[127]杨佩昆,张树升。交通管理与控制。人民交通出版社,1995,108~109
[2]陈云新.公交车线路运营调度及评估系统的研究与实现. [硕士学位论文]中南大学,2005
[3]黄平.城市公交线网规划与枢纽规划的研究.[硕士学位论文],武汉大学,2005
[4]覃运梅.城市公交调度优化方法研究. [硕士学位论文]合肥工业大学,2006.
[5]覃运梅,郝忠娜,王玲玲。单车场公交车辆调度问题的研究。铁道运输与经济。2008,30(11):87~90
[6] Bertossi, A.A., Carraresi, P., Gallo, G.. On some matching problems arising in vehicle scheduling models. Networks, 1987,17, 271~281.
[7] Ribeiro, C.C., Soumis, F. A column generation approach to the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem. Operations Research ,1994,42 (1): 41~52.
[8] L?bel, A. Vehicle scheduling in public transit and Lagrangean pricing. Operations Research ,1998,44(12): 1637~1649.
[9]Hadjar, A., Marcotte, O., Soumis, F. A branch-and-cut algorithm for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem. Operations Research, 2006,54 (1): 130~149.
[10] Kliewer, N., Mellouli, T., Suhl, L.. A time-space network based exact optimization model for multi-depot bus scheduling. European Journal of Operational Research ,2006,175 (3): 1616~1627.
[11] Wren, A., Rousseau, J.-M. Bus driver scheduling– an overview. In: Daduna, J.R., Branco, I.,Paix?o, J.M.P. (Eds.), Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Heidelberg ,Springer-Verlag, 1995,vol. 430: 173~187.
[12] Smith, B.M., Wren, A. A bus crew scheduling system using a set covering formulation. Transportation Research ,1988,Part A(22): 97~108.
[13] Curtis, S.D., Smith, B.M., Wren, A. Forming bus driver schedules using constraint programming.In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on the Practical Application of Constraint Technologies and Logic Programming (PACLP99). London, The Practical Application Company, 1999.239~254.
[14] Fores, S., Proll, L., Wren, A. TRACS II: A hybrid IP/heuristic driver scheduling system for public transport. Journal of the Operational Research Society,2002, 53: 1093~1100.
[15] Desrochers,M., Soumis, F. A column generation approach to the urban transit crew scheduling problem. Transportation Science ,1989,23:1~13.
[16] Desrochers, M., Soumis, F. A generalized permanent labeling algorithm for the shortest path problem with time windows. INFOR,1988, 26, 191~212.
[17]Desaulniers, G., Desrosiers, J., Ioachim, I., Solomon, M.M., Soumis, F., Villeneuve, D. A unified framework for deterministic time constrained vehicle routing and crew scheduling problems.In: Crainic, T.G., Laporte, G. (Eds.), Fleet Management and Logistics. Norwell, MA, Kluwer Academic, 1998a. 57~93.
[18] Irnich, S., Desaulniers, G. Shortest path problems with resource constraints. In: Desaulniers, G., Desrosiers, J., Solomon, M.M. (Eds.), Column Generation. New York, Springer-Verlag, 2005. 33~65.
[19] Desrosiers, J., Rousseau, J.-M. Results obtained with crew-opt: A column generation method for transit crew scheduling. In: Daduna, J.R., Branco, I., Paix?o, J.M.P. (Eds.), Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling. Lectures Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 1995, vol. 430.:349~358.
[20] Barnhart, C., Johnson, E.L., Nemhauser, G.L., Savelsbergh, M.W.P., Vance, P.H. Branch-andprice:Column generation for solving huge integer programs. Operations Research ,1998,46:316~329.
[21] du Merle, O., Villeneuve, D., Desrosiers, J., Hansen, P. Stabilized column generation. Discrete Mathematics ,1999,194:229~237.
[22] Desaulniers, G., Desrosiers, J., Solomon, M.M. Accelerating strategies for column generation methods in vehicle routing and crew scheduling problems. In: Ribeiro, C.C., Hansen, P. (Eds.), Essays and Surveys in Metaheuristics. Norwell, MA, Kluwer Academic, 2002, 309~324.
[23] Bornd?rfer, R., Gr?tschel, M., L?bel, A. Duty scheduling in public transit. In: J?ger,W., Krebs,H.-J. (Eds.), Mathematics– Key Technology for the Future. New York, Springer-Verlag, 2003. 653~674.
[24] Freling, R., Wagelmans, A.P.M., Paix?o, J.M.P. An overview of models and techniques for integrating vehicle and crew scheduling. In:Wilson, N.H.M. (Ed.), Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling.Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag ,1999, 471, 441~460.
[25] Freling, R., Huisman, D., Wagelmans, A.P.M. Models and algorithms for integration of vehicle and crew scheduling. Journal of Scheduling 2003,6: 63~85.
[26] de Silva, A. Combining constraint programming and linear programming on an example of bus driver scheduling. Annals of Operations Research .2001,108: 277~291.
[27] Desrochers,M., Soumis, F. A column generation approach to the urban transit crew scheduling problem. Transportation Science , 1989.23: 1~13.
[28] Kwan, A.S.K., Kwan, R.S.K., Wren, A. Driver scheduling using genetic algorithms with embedded combinatorial traits. In: Wilson, N.H.M. (Ed.), Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag,vol.471.1999, 81~102.
[29] Kwan, A.S.K., Kwan, R.S.K., Wren, A. Evolutionary driver scheduling with relief chains. Evolutionary Computing,2001, 9:445~460.
[30] Shen, S.,Wilson, N.H.M. An optimal integrated real-time disruption controlmodel for rail transit systems. In: Voss, S., Daduna, J. (Eds.), Computer-Aided Scheduling of Public Transport. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2001, vol. 503. 335~363.
[31]Louren?o, H.R., Paix?o, J.P., Portugal, R. Multiobjective metaheuristics for the bus-driver scheduling problem. Transportation Science. 2001,35 (3), 331~343.
[32]熊玲关于公交车调度问题的研究.武汉科技学院学报2005, 18(1):29~32
[33]陈茜,牛学勤等.公交线路发车频率优化模型[J].公路交通科技,2004,21(2):103~105.
[34]童刚.公交调度模型及算法。青岛科技大学学报,2004, 25(3) :253~257
[35]滕靖,杨晓光.面向换乘枢纽的公共汽车协调调度模式研究,城市交通, 2006 , 4 (5): 19~25.
[36]刘志刚,申金升.区域公交时刻表及车辆调度双层规划模型:系统工程理论与实践,2007,(11):135~141.
[37]郭文莲,罗湘武。公交车辆隔站停车运行模式研究。湖南交通科技,2008,34(4):155~157
[38]汪洋,陈小鸿,杨超等。道路快速公交运营调度目标研究。城市轨道交通研究,2009,3:25~29
[39] Lamatsch A. An approach to vehicle scheduling with depot capacity constraints[C].M.Desrochers,J.M.Rousseau,(Eds.):Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling,Springer,1992,181~195.
[40] A.Ceder,B.Golany,O.Tal.Creating bus timetables with maximal Synchronization [J]. Transportation Research Part A 2001,35: 913~928
[41]石琴,覃运梅,黄志鹏.公交区域调度的最大同步换乘模型,中国公路学报,2007 20(6): 90~94.
[42]郭冠英.中途停靠站公交线路数上限的确定及驻站时间计算模型.上海公路,2000(2):7~10.
[43] Michael D.Meyer, Eric J.Miller.(杨孝宽)。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008,225~230
[44]郭瑞军。交通运输系统工程。北京:国防工业出版社,2008,103~109
[45]杨洋,基于运输一体化的区域交通运输需求预测研究,[硕士学位论文]吉林大学,2005。
[46] Nancy L.Nilian et al.Use of the box and Jenkins time series technique in traffic forecasting.Transportation.1980,9(2):125~143.
[47] BrianL.Smith,BillyM.Williams, R.Keithoswald.Comparison of parametric and nonparametric models for traffic flow forecasting [J]. Transportion Research Part C, 2002,10:303~321
[48] Ledoux Corinne.An Urban Traffic Flow Models Integration Neural Networks [J].Transportion Research.1997:287~300.
[49]杨新苗,王炜,顾维平,周明保.公交线路客流模糊神经网络预测模型.公路交通科技,2000,17(4):38~46。
[50]胡思继.交通运输学.北京:中国铁道出版社,2001:28~31
[51]刘洁,魏连雨,杨春风.基于遗传神经网络的交通量预测.长安大学学报.2003(1):68~70.
[52]冯树民,李晓冬。公交客流生成预测的神经网络模型。交通运输系统工程与信息。2006,6(1):68~70
[53]范海雁,范炳全,张林峰。灰色BP网络预测方法在公交客流预测中的应用。上海理工大学学报(社会科学版)2003,25(1):25~28
[54]李建斌.城际轨道交通客流预测原则与方法探讨[J].铁道勘测与设计,2002,(4):39~41。
[55]霍娅敏,李德刚.成都市公路客运量预测[J].交通标准化.2005,11:161~164
[56]天津市统计局。2006天津统计年鉴。北京:中国统计出版社,2006,250 ~280
[57]鲍德风,路永华.内蒙古自治区客运量预测模型内蒙古农业大学学报。2007,28(4):63~168
[58]纪跃芝,冯延辉.应用灰色系统GM(1 ,1)模型预测长春市公路客运量[J].吉林工学院学报, 1997 ,18(2) :52 ~56.
[59]张欢勇,戴文战。灰色GM(1,1)预测模型的改进。浙江理工大学学报,2009,26(1):142~145。
[60]马记钊。组合模型在交通需求预测中的应用—以内蒙古自治区客运量预侧为例。北方经济,2001,10:85~86.
[61]田宜君,朱锋峰。基于GM(1,1)模型和灰色关联度的组合预测新方法。科学技术与工程,2009,9(4):842~844
[62]石峻.智能公交调度系统的优化研究与实现研究. [硕士学位论文]山东大学,2005
[63]胡运权等.运筹学.清华大学出,2003,194~206
[64]杨兆升,胡坚明。城市公共交通智能化调度系统实施方案研究。ITS通讯,2001,2:7~11
[65]沈吟东,倪郁东.基于整数规划的驾驶员调度系统—TRACS II.《运筹与管理》,2005,14(3): 76~80.
[66]沈吟东,曾西洋.公共交通驾驶员调度的复杂性及解决方法[J].计算机科学,2003,31(9): 226~229.
[67]张斐斐.公共交通驾驶员调度问题研究:[硕士学位论文],北京:北京交通大学,2007
[68] Guy Desaulniers,Mark D. Hickman.Public Transit.Handbook in OR & MS, 2007,14: 69~127
[69]衡玉明.城市公交网络可靠性研究. [硕士学位论文]北京交通大学,2006.
[70]莫露全.城市公共交通运营管理.北京:中国铁道出版社,2004年,58~70
[71]王春才,赵坚.北京市公交系统两种运行模式的比较.北京交通大学学报,2006,5(2):1~5.
[72]陈明明.城市公交车辆的组合调度问题的研究:[硕士学位论文],兰州交通大学,2007
[73]童刚.公交调度模型及算法.青岛科技大学学报,2004, 25(3): 253~257
[74]何迪,严余松,户佐安等.基于区域协同的公交发射时刻表模型。计算机应用研究。2009,26(4):1282~1285.
[75]戴帅,陈艳艳,荣建等.公共交通系统的可靠度研究.北京工业大学学报,2006,32(9):813~816.
[76]童刚.遗传算法在公交调度中的应用研究.计算机工程,2005, 31(13):29~31
[77]杨明,石晶.遗传算法在公交调度中的应用研究.辽宁工学院学报, 2006,26(4):329~331
[78]张文贵.基于遗传算法的公交车辆调度优化研究:[硕士学位论文],北京:中国地质大学,2007
[79]任传祥等.基于遗传禁忌搜索算法的公交调度研究.山东科技大学学报,2008,27 (4)
[80] Maikol M. Rodrigues,Cid C. de Souza,Arnaldo V. Moura.Vehicle and crew scheduling for urban bus lines.European Journal of Operational Research,2006,170: 844~862
[81] Knut Haase ,Guy Desaulniers,Jacques Desrosiers.Simultaneous Vehicle and Crew Scheduling in Urban Mass Transit Systems.Transportation Science , 2001,35(3): 286~303
[82] Christos Valouxis, Efthymios Housos.Combined bus and driver scheduling.Computers & Operations Research 2002,29: 243~259
[83] Marta Mesquita , Ana Paias . Set partitioning/covering-based approaches for the integrated vehicle and crew scheduling problem.Computers & Operations Research ,2008,35:1562~1575
[84]王炜,陈淑燕,胡晓健.“一路一线直行式”公交模式下公交车行驶诱导和调度集成方法.东南大学学报(自然科学版) 2008,06:1110~1115.
[85]张飞舟,晏磊等.智能交通系统中的公交车辆动态调度研究.公路交通科技, 2002, 2( 6) :34~37.
[86] J.F. Guan, Hai Yang, S.C. Wirasinghe .Simultaneous optimization of transit line configuration and passenger line assignment[J] Transportation Research Part B 2006,40: 885~902
[87]吴孟玙. GPS环境下公车调度排班的专家系统研究[硕士学位论文].台湾大学土木工程系, 2003.
[88]钱大琳,孙艳丰.离散非平衡公交网络优化模型及其求解算法.北方交通大学学报2001,(02):58~61
[89]王震宇,崔宏巍,黄卫.高速公路车辆故障紧急支援系统结构研究.公路交通科技, 2003, ( 8):105~109 .
[90]陈明明.城市公交组合调度问题的研究. [硕士学位论文]兰州交通大学,2007.
[91] Zhu W.frequency scheduling for terminal queuing routers.Proceedings of 7th IFAC/IFORS Symoposium on Transportation Sytems.1994:70~77
[92] Xu J. Stady of dynamic headway control dispatching rules.Dissertation of University Ottawa.1995.
[93] Marques A.et at.Flexible dynamic scheduling:a major improvement for public transport.Proceedings of the International Conference on Application of Advanced in Transportation Engineering,New York,1996:134~138.
[94] Vijayaraghavan T.A.S.Vehicle scheduling in urban transportation with quick and cut trip insertions for fleet reduction.Transportation Planning and Technology, 1988: 105~120.
[95] Furth P.G.Alternating deadheading in bus route operation.Transportation Science,1988:45~ 52.
[96] Li Yihua,Wu Fujun.Real-time scheduling on a transit bus route.In Computer Scheduling of Public Transport,Springer-Verlag,1992:213~235.
[97] Delle Site P,Fillippi F.Servive optimizationg for bus corridors with short-turn strategies and variable vehicle size.Transportation Research,Part A,1998:19~38.
[98]孙芙灵.公交调度中发车间隔的确定方法的探讨.西安公路交通大学学报,1997,17(ZB):44~48.
[99]任传样,张海,范跃祖.混合遗传一模拟退火算法在公交智能调度中的应用.系统仿真学报,2005,17(3):2075~2081.
[100]张飞舟.公交车辆智能调度及相关技术研究:[博士学位论文].北京:北京航空航天大学,2000.
[101]童刚.公交调度模型及算法.青岛科技大学学报,2004,25(3):253~257.
[102]蓝强,刘超惫等.公交车调度问题的研究.工程数学学报,2002,19(F02):59
[103]邹迎.公交区域调度行车计划编制方法研究,交通运输系统工程与信息, 2007 ,7(3): 78~82.
[104]王大勇,臧学运,王海星。公交区域车辆调度优化研究现状与发展。北京交通大学学报,2008,(03):42~45
[105]刘志刚,申金升.区域公交时刻表及车辆调度双层规划模型:系统工程理论与实践,2007,(11):135~141.
[106]沈吟东,夏家宏.公交区城运营模式在我国的应用研究,科技进步与对策,2004(8):88~90.
[107]方鹤。面向区域的公交调度方法研究,[硕士学位论文]河北工业大学,2007
[108] Lee, M., Schonfeld, P, Optimal slack time for timed transferred at transit terminal. Journal of Advanced Transportation. 1991.25(3): 281~290
[109] Maged Dessouk,Randolph Hall,Ali Nowroozi,Karen Mourikas.Bus disPatching at timed transfer transit stations using bus tracking [J]. Transportation Research Part C 7.1999: 187~208.
[110] John D.Riley,Evaluation Of Travel Time Estimates Derived From Automatic Vehicle Identification Tags In SAN ANTONIO,TX,Master Degree
[111] Fulin Zhu,Locations Of AVI System And Travel Time Forecasting,Master Degree
[112] Z.Wall,D.J.Dailey.An Algorithm for Predicting the Arrival Time of MassTransit Vehicles Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data.78th Annul Meeting ofTransportation Research Board.1999:319
[113] Maged Dessouky , Randolph Hall , Lei Zhang, Ajay Singh. Real-time control of buses for schedule coordinationat a terminal. Transportation Research PartA .2003,145~164
[114]孙喜梅,杨兆升.城市公共交通站点间实时动态行程时间预测的模型.吉林大学学报.2002,32(1):47~51
[115]郭景峰,侯爽,王金慧.一种动态路段行程时间的预测模型.计算机工程与科学. 2005,27(5):73~74
[116]周文霞,徐建闽,刘正东.基于卡尔曼滤波算法的公交车辆行程时间预测[A].交通标准化.2007,2/3:174~177
[117]傅惠、徐建闽.基于卡尔曼滤波的路径行程时间预测方法.微计息.2007,23(8):290~292
[118]杭明升,杨晓光,彭国雄.基于卡尔曼滤波的高速道路行程时间动态预测.同济大学学报.2002,30(9):1068~1072
[119]杨兆升,朱中.基于BP神经网络的路径行程时间实时预测模型.系统工程理论与实践.1999,8(8):59~64
[120]肖静,邹传平,郑冬喜.浅谈BP神经网络预测模型[A].科技资讯导报.2007(2):9
[121]杨志宏,杨兆升,于德新,陈林.基于马尔可夫排队模型的行程时间预测方法.吉林大学学报(工学版).2004,10(4):671~674
[122]朱彦,曹彦荣,杜道生。城市快速路行程时间的统计分析与预测。交通运输工程与信息学报,2009,7(1):93~98
[123]郭景峰,侯爽,王金慈.一种动态路段行程时间的预测模型.计算机工程与科学.2005,27(5):73~74
[124]杨昊,钟雁,钱大琳.城市交通流路段行程时间预测.北方交通大学学报.2001,25(2):65~69
[125] Rajat Rajbhandari.Bus arrival time prediction using Stochastic time series and Markov chains.Ph.D.New Jersey Institute of Technology, 2005
[126] Sang-Ock Kim.Develop of arriva l time based uniform delay models for oversaturated signalized intersection.Ph.D.dissertation. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2005.
[127]杨佩昆,张树升。交通管理与控制。人民交通出版社,1995,108~109