QHCCI（准均质充气压缩点燃）燃烧系统研究
摘要
人类社会面临着两个严重问题:一个是环境污染问题,另一个是能源危机问题,这两个问题都与内燃机有密切的关系。本文通过对当前汽车发动机的研究进展作的回顾,认为汽油机上实现稀薄预混合气燃烧和柴油机上实现预混合燃烧是当前和未来研究的重要方向。
作者对一台N485分隔燃烧室柴油机进行了改造,在改造为直接喷射的基础上,开发、安装了QHCCI燃烧系统中的汽油喷射系统;提出了以油门开度信号作为汽油喷射量控制信号的控制方法;并且对柴油泵供油齿条位置传感器进行了标定。测控系统可同时进行汽油喷射控制、实时测量和处理,也可进行实时数据采集和分析。对汽油喷油器进行了静态流量和动态流量的测试。
本课题首次在以这台经过改造的四缸直接喷射柴油机为基础的试验机上进行了汽油-空气预混合气进气、压缩行程未期柴油引燃的QHCCI燃烧系统的试验研究。作者对汽油喷射定时对于发动机性能的影响进行了试验研究。试验发现,如将喷油器安装在发动机进气歧管上,距离进气门有较大距离时,QHCCI燃烧发动机的性能受喷射定时的影响很小。作者还调节了喷射压力,试验发现,提高喷射压力可以提高汽油雾化的质量,适当提高燃油喷射压力,发动机排放性能和燃油经济性会有一定的改善。
试验发现,柴油喷射系统在小供油量时的稳定性对QHCCI发动机的性能起着决定性的影响,而对于多缸机来说,各缸之间的供油均匀性则起着关键性的影响。减小油泵柱塞直径对稳定性有好处;仔细调校油泵对各缸均匀性至关重要。另外各缸喷油器的一致性也是十分重要的。
由于QHCCI燃烧系统的空间点火方式,在作者试验的引燃油量条件下,在试验的预混合气浓度范围之内,QHCCI发动机没有明显的稀燃界限,但当预混合气过量空气系数大于3.0以后,在小引燃油量下,燃烧的效率恶化。由于进气不节流,低负荷时仍然采用QHCCI燃烧方式,会因预混合气过于稀薄而使发动机性能变坏。
QHCCI燃烧方式实现了同时减小发动机烟度和氮氧化合物排放的目的。十三工况排放测试结果表明,在发动机的微粒排放和氮氧化合物排放降低的同时,HC/CO排放却有较大的上升。
本文首次将多工况多指标寻优应用于发动机试验数据的进一步处理,对发动机运行参数的调整起到了指导作用;十三工况试验时,在优化组合的前提下,不同的工况采用不同的提前角,就可以得到比采用单一提前角更为优越的性能。
首次建立了一个准维数学模型,巧妙地将柴油的扩散燃烧与预混合气的火焰传播燃烧结合起来,对QHCCI系统的工作过程进行了模拟。模拟结果与试验结果非常一致。模拟解释了试验中出现的一些现象,模拟也发现火焰很难传遍
There are two serious problems that human beings have to face--one is pollution and the other is energy crisis. The two problems have extremely close relation with internal combustion engine. The analyses of recent research on internal combustion engine shows that lean burn in the gasoline engine and homogeneous combustion in diesel engine are the important focus of the research on internal combustion engine.An indirect injection diesel engine typed N485 was reconstructed into a direct injection engine and the gasoline injection equipment was installed in my research. An accelerator pick up was used to determine the quality of gasoline and the sensor was scaled. The control/measure system can control gasoline injection and signal measurement/analysis at same time. The static and dynamic flow rate of the gasoline injector ware tested.The experimental research on QHCCI(Quasi-Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) was made first by the author based on this reconstructed 4 cylinders direct injection diesel engine. The effects of gasoline injection timing on the engine were tested. The test result shows that the engine performance was not effected significantly if the injectors ware installed away from intake port in the manifold. The author adjusted the injection pressure. The test result shows that the engine performance was advanced slightly when the injection pressure was increased.The test result shows that the stability of the diesel delivery at small quality injection is very important for the performance of QHCCI combustion system. The uniform of fuel delivery between cylinders was extremely important. Decreasing the piston diameter of the pump can improve the stability. Adjusting the pump accurately was very important for the equality of diesel delivery. The uniform of the injectors was also important.Because the spacial ignition method, the QHCCI system have not significant ignition limit under the test condition. But the efficiency of combustion was low when the lambda of the pre-mixture is bigger than 3.0. Because there ware no throttle in the intake system, the engine performance under low load is deteriorated in QHCCI combustion mood.QHCCI combustion mood decreases the smoke and NO simultaneously. The results of 13-mode cycle test show that QHCCI combustion can reduce the PM and NO, but the HC/CO increase obviously simultaneously.The optimization for multi-target in multi-condition was first used to treat the test result. This method is instructive for the adjustment of the engine. Based on the
optimization the advanced performance was gained in the 13-mode cycle test by different injection timing for different condition.The author made a quasi-dimensional combustion model;which combines the diffusion combustion and pre-mixed combustion skillfully. The modeling results consisted with the experiment. The modeling gave a reasonable explanation for the experiment. The modeling discovered the reason of too high exhausted HC is that the flame hardly propagates to the end quench area. This could give an improving method of the combustion chamber in theory.After comparing different methods of knock detection;a method that utilizes cubic splint fit differentiator was used successfully to detect knock. The knocking mechanism of QHCCI was analyzed first time by the author. The knock is caused mostly by too high combustion speed for too much pilot fuel and too rich pre-mixture or by too close to the dead center position of combustion for the too early injection of pilot fuel. In order to decrease the knock trend;the diesel injection timing was adjusted. The test result shows that the knock tendency is decreased by delaying the injection timing at a proper extent.
作者对一台N485分隔燃烧室柴油机进行了改造,在改造为直接喷射的基础上,开发、安装了QHCCI燃烧系统中的汽油喷射系统;提出了以油门开度信号作为汽油喷射量控制信号的控制方法;并且对柴油泵供油齿条位置传感器进行了标定。测控系统可同时进行汽油喷射控制、实时测量和处理,也可进行实时数据采集和分析。对汽油喷油器进行了静态流量和动态流量的测试。
本课题首次在以这台经过改造的四缸直接喷射柴油机为基础的试验机上进行了汽油-空气预混合气进气、压缩行程未期柴油引燃的QHCCI燃烧系统的试验研究。作者对汽油喷射定时对于发动机性能的影响进行了试验研究。试验发现,如将喷油器安装在发动机进气歧管上,距离进气门有较大距离时,QHCCI燃烧发动机的性能受喷射定时的影响很小。作者还调节了喷射压力,试验发现,提高喷射压力可以提高汽油雾化的质量,适当提高燃油喷射压力,发动机排放性能和燃油经济性会有一定的改善。
试验发现,柴油喷射系统在小供油量时的稳定性对QHCCI发动机的性能起着决定性的影响,而对于多缸机来说,各缸之间的供油均匀性则起着关键性的影响。减小油泵柱塞直径对稳定性有好处;仔细调校油泵对各缸均匀性至关重要。另外各缸喷油器的一致性也是十分重要的。
由于QHCCI燃烧系统的空间点火方式,在作者试验的引燃油量条件下,在试验的预混合气浓度范围之内,QHCCI发动机没有明显的稀燃界限,但当预混合气过量空气系数大于3.0以后,在小引燃油量下,燃烧的效率恶化。由于进气不节流,低负荷时仍然采用QHCCI燃烧方式,会因预混合气过于稀薄而使发动机性能变坏。
QHCCI燃烧方式实现了同时减小发动机烟度和氮氧化合物排放的目的。十三工况排放测试结果表明,在发动机的微粒排放和氮氧化合物排放降低的同时,HC/CO排放却有较大的上升。
本文首次将多工况多指标寻优应用于发动机试验数据的进一步处理,对发动机运行参数的调整起到了指导作用;十三工况试验时,在优化组合的前提下,不同的工况采用不同的提前角,就可以得到比采用单一提前角更为优越的性能。
首次建立了一个准维数学模型,巧妙地将柴油的扩散燃烧与预混合气的火焰传播燃烧结合起来,对QHCCI系统的工作过程进行了模拟。模拟结果与试验结果非常一致。模拟解释了试验中出现的一些现象,模拟也发现火焰很难传遍
There are two serious problems that human beings have to face--one is pollution and the other is energy crisis. The two problems have extremely close relation with internal combustion engine. The analyses of recent research on internal combustion engine shows that lean burn in the gasoline engine and homogeneous combustion in diesel engine are the important focus of the research on internal combustion engine.An indirect injection diesel engine typed N485 was reconstructed into a direct injection engine and the gasoline injection equipment was installed in my research. An accelerator pick up was used to determine the quality of gasoline and the sensor was scaled. The control/measure system can control gasoline injection and signal measurement/analysis at same time. The static and dynamic flow rate of the gasoline injector ware tested.The experimental research on QHCCI(Quasi-Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) was made first by the author based on this reconstructed 4 cylinders direct injection diesel engine. The effects of gasoline injection timing on the engine were tested. The test result shows that the engine performance was not effected significantly if the injectors ware installed away from intake port in the manifold. The author adjusted the injection pressure. The test result shows that the engine performance was advanced slightly when the injection pressure was increased.The test result shows that the stability of the diesel delivery at small quality injection is very important for the performance of QHCCI combustion system. The uniform of fuel delivery between cylinders was extremely important. Decreasing the piston diameter of the pump can improve the stability. Adjusting the pump accurately was very important for the equality of diesel delivery. The uniform of the injectors was also important.Because the spacial ignition method, the QHCCI system have not significant ignition limit under the test condition. But the efficiency of combustion was low when the lambda of the pre-mixture is bigger than 3.0. Because there ware no throttle in the intake system, the engine performance under low load is deteriorated in QHCCI combustion mood.QHCCI combustion mood decreases the smoke and NO simultaneously. The results of 13-mode cycle test show that QHCCI combustion can reduce the PM and NO, but the HC/CO increase obviously simultaneously.The optimization for multi-target in multi-condition was first used to treat the test result. This method is instructive for the adjustment of the engine. Based on the
optimization the advanced performance was gained in the 13-mode cycle test by different injection timing for different condition.The author made a quasi-dimensional combustion model;which combines the diffusion combustion and pre-mixed combustion skillfully. The modeling results consisted with the experiment. The modeling gave a reasonable explanation for the experiment. The modeling discovered the reason of too high exhausted HC is that the flame hardly propagates to the end quench area. This could give an improving method of the combustion chamber in theory.After comparing different methods of knock detection;a method that utilizes cubic splint fit differentiator was used successfully to detect knock. The knocking mechanism of QHCCI was analyzed first time by the author. The knock is caused mostly by too high combustion speed for too much pilot fuel and too rich pre-mixture or by too close to the dead center position of combustion for the too early injection of pilot fuel. In order to decrease the knock trend;the diesel injection timing was adjusted. The test result shows that the knock tendency is decreased by delaying the injection timing at a proper extent.
引文
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