基于FPGA的光电纸币图像实时处理系统研究
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摘要
纸币清分机是采用机体电一体化结构,同时对人民币纸币的残缺、面额、新旧等进行识别。它具有速度快、可靠性高、工作简易等特点,从而克服了现今市面上点钞机的不足,减轻了银行工作人员的劳动强度,有效的提高了工作效率,是银行、证卷机构、财务公司等各大金融部门可选的一种理想的金融机具。
针对目前纸币清分机运算能力弱、实时性差、清分技术远远达不到客户要求以及实验效果不是很理想的缺陷,本文提出一种基于FPGA的光电纸币图像实时处理系统,实现了图像数据的片上实时处理以及在不改变硬件电路结构的情况下完成算法修改或者升级的功能。
本文主要以图像采集与处理系统的硬件平台的搭建为主,详细讲述了各个模块的设计,包括CIS图像传感器模块、A/D转换模块、FPGA控制模块、FPGA图像处理模块、外围存储器FLASH、SDRAM模块、USB接口模块、串行接口UART等等,并对重要器件的选型标准加以了说明。软件方面简述了数据的采集与缓存、USB通信、FPGA在线配置、FPGA通信以及FPGA图像处理等模块的设计。
本文创新点:采用SOPC技术,在清分装置上实现了片上实时处理功能;采用可重构技术完成FPGA在线配置,得以实现处理算法的在线更新;采用FPGA Microblaze32位软核处理器和相关接口模块连接外部存储器SDRAM,从而扩展了外部存储空间,保证了图像采集以及处理过程中对大存储容量的需求,并且使用起来更加方便、灵活。
经过反复的实验以及最终结果及分析表明,该系统具有系统结构简单、处理速率快等特点,并且满足了系统的实时性要求,因此具有良好的工程应用价值。
Sorter is an advanced implement integrated with optics, mechanics and electronics, recognizing the deformity, denomination, new and old of the bills. It overcomes the current lack of market Currency Counter, reduces the labor intensity of bank staffs and effectively improves their work efficiency because of its characteristics such as high speed, high reliability and easy working. It is an ideal financial machinery for the major financial sector such as banks, securities institutions and finance companies.
a optical note image real-time processing system based on FPGA is proposed in this paper against current poor operation and weak real-time of sorter and the defects that allocating technology fells far short of customer requirements and the experimental result is not always effective. Real-time image data processing on-chip is realized and algorithm modified or upgraded functions without changing the hardware circuit is completed.
In this dissertation, the main task is to build the hardware platform of image acquisition and processing system. Design of each module is elaborated detailed,including CIS Image Sensor Module, A/D converter module, FPGA control module, FPGA image processing module, the external memory FLASH and SDRAM modules, USB interface module, UART serial interface, etc, and the important devices are illustrated in the selection criteria. In software design of the modules of Data Acquisition and Cache, USB communication, FPGA-line configuration, FPGA image processing and communication are descripted.
This innovation in this dissertation: SOPC technology is used, real-time processing system on-chip is realized in allocating devices; update online of processing algorithms is achieved by using reconfigurable skill completing online configuration based on FPGA; FPGA Microblaze 32 bits processor and associated external memory SDRAM interface is used to extend external storage space and ensure the need of the large storage capacity for image acquisition and processing module, and it is more convenient and flexible.
repeated experiments and the final results analysis show that the system has characteristics of simple structure and fast processing speed,and it meets system requirements for real-time, so the system has high value on project application.
针对目前纸币清分机运算能力弱、实时性差、清分技术远远达不到客户要求以及实验效果不是很理想的缺陷,本文提出一种基于FPGA的光电纸币图像实时处理系统,实现了图像数据的片上实时处理以及在不改变硬件电路结构的情况下完成算法修改或者升级的功能。
本文主要以图像采集与处理系统的硬件平台的搭建为主,详细讲述了各个模块的设计,包括CIS图像传感器模块、A/D转换模块、FPGA控制模块、FPGA图像处理模块、外围存储器FLASH、SDRAM模块、USB接口模块、串行接口UART等等,并对重要器件的选型标准加以了说明。软件方面简述了数据的采集与缓存、USB通信、FPGA在线配置、FPGA通信以及FPGA图像处理等模块的设计。
本文创新点:采用SOPC技术,在清分装置上实现了片上实时处理功能;采用可重构技术完成FPGA在线配置,得以实现处理算法的在线更新;采用FPGA Microblaze32位软核处理器和相关接口模块连接外部存储器SDRAM,从而扩展了外部存储空间,保证了图像采集以及处理过程中对大存储容量的需求,并且使用起来更加方便、灵活。
经过反复的实验以及最终结果及分析表明,该系统具有系统结构简单、处理速率快等特点,并且满足了系统的实时性要求,因此具有良好的工程应用价值。
Sorter is an advanced implement integrated with optics, mechanics and electronics, recognizing the deformity, denomination, new and old of the bills. It overcomes the current lack of market Currency Counter, reduces the labor intensity of bank staffs and effectively improves their work efficiency because of its characteristics such as high speed, high reliability and easy working. It is an ideal financial machinery for the major financial sector such as banks, securities institutions and finance companies.
a optical note image real-time processing system based on FPGA is proposed in this paper against current poor operation and weak real-time of sorter and the defects that allocating technology fells far short of customer requirements and the experimental result is not always effective. Real-time image data processing on-chip is realized and algorithm modified or upgraded functions without changing the hardware circuit is completed.
In this dissertation, the main task is to build the hardware platform of image acquisition and processing system. Design of each module is elaborated detailed,including CIS Image Sensor Module, A/D converter module, FPGA control module, FPGA image processing module, the external memory FLASH and SDRAM modules, USB interface module, UART serial interface, etc, and the important devices are illustrated in the selection criteria. In software design of the modules of Data Acquisition and Cache, USB communication, FPGA-line configuration, FPGA image processing and communication are descripted.
This innovation in this dissertation: SOPC technology is used, real-time processing system on-chip is realized in allocating devices; update online of processing algorithms is achieved by using reconfigurable skill completing online configuration based on FPGA; FPGA Microblaze 32 bits processor and associated external memory SDRAM interface is used to extend external storage space and ensure the need of the large storage capacity for image acquisition and processing module, and it is more convenient and flexible.
repeated experiments and the final results analysis show that the system has characteristics of simple structure and fast processing speed,and it meets system requirements for real-time, so the system has high value on project application.
引文
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[02]和均,王凤英.银行现金清分机现状及需求的分析与调查[J].金融&科技,2004, (9): 23-33
[03]赖东寅,吴云峰,叶玉堂等.基于FPGA实现由多路复合信号传输到Camera Link传输的研究.电子器件, 2009, (2): 3-5
[04]王海林,吴云峰,叶玉堂等.运动物体多角度同步图像信息采集与预处理系统,电子器件, 2009, (4): 4-6
[05]冯晓昱,吴云峰等.基于FPGA与接触式图像传感器的款幅扫描仪,中国科技信息, 2009, (12): 2
[06]刘连浩,罗安,王加阳等.智能型点钞机的研制[J].机电一体化, 2003, (16): 11-13
[07]林苑晴. CIS将有取代CCD之势.电子技术, 2005,9(13): 15-18
[08]米伟哲,曾薄文,刘海滨等.点钞机自动控制设计中信号的选取与采集[J].中国仪器仪表, 2006, (9): 65-67
[09] SST-CIS-643C10-SP-001 SV643C10-00 contact image sensor datasheet, Syscan Inc, 2001, (2): 35-37
[10] Palenichka Roman M. Defect Detection on Imaging Surfaces by Using Multi-Scale Image Analysis. International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies, Canada, 2000. Society for Imaging Science and Technology: 373-376
[11]彭小勋,叶玉堂,吴云峰等.数字高速分幅相机中分幅系统的设计与分析,光学与光电技术, 2008, (4): 3-5
[12] Zhang Er-Hu, Jiang Bo, Duan Jing-Hong, Bian Zheng-Zhong. Research on paper currency recognition by neural networks[J]. International Conference on Machine Learning and cybernetics, 2003, (4): 2193-2197
[13] Takeda Fumiaki, Nishikage Toshihiro. Multiple kinds of paper currency recognition using neural network and application for Euro currency[J]. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Netwoks, 2000, (2): 143-147
[13]魏建英,叶玉堂等.基于FPGA的超长CIS图像采集系统,通信技术, 2009, (5): 3
[14]何佳兵,李习伦,刘松波等.纸币清分机系统的研究与开发.机电工程技术, 2007, 36(8): 29-32
[15]李鹏.纸币清分机图像采集及处理系统硬件平台的设计. [硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2008, (5): 35-37
[16]陶安利,李伟鸣.一种信号采集电路的设计.电源与仪表2002, 39(438): 63-65
[17]叶林,叶玉堂等. MPEG-2视频DCT量化模块FPGA高速实现,电子器件, 2007, (6): 23-36
[18] Li C. James, Ma Jun. Wavelet Decomposition of Vibrations for Detection of Bearing-localized Defects. NDT & E International. 1997, 30(3): 143-149
[19] Takeda Fumiaki, Omatu Sigeru. High Speed Paper Currency Recognition by Neural Networks. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks. 1995, (6): 73-77
[20]吕世红. CF1000型纸币清分机控制系统的设计与实现. [硕士学位论文],哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文,2009, (7): 12-16
[21] Maruo Kazuyuki, Shibata Tadashi, Yamaguchi Takahiro, Ichikawa Masayoshi, Ohmi Tadahiro. Automatic Defect Pattern Detection on LSI Wafers using Image Processing Techniques. IEICE Transactions on Electronics. 1999, E82-C(6): 1003-1012
[22]王庆有.图像传感器应用技术.北京,电子工业出版社, 2003, (5): 78-98
[23]张文普,袁祥辉.接触式图像传感器噪声抑制方法研究.光电技术应用, 2004, 25(2):124-127
[24]米本和也. CCD/CMOS图像传感器基础与应用.北京,科学出版社, 2006, (12): 55-70
[25]夏宇闻,黄然等. Verilog SOPC高级实验教程[M].北京,北京航空航天大学出版社, 2009, (13): 9-42
[26]祝长峰,肖铁军.基于FPGA的视频图像采集系统的设计[J].计算机工程与设计, 2008,29(17): 4404-4407
[27]杨强浩.基于EDK的FPGA嵌入式系统开发.机械工业出版社, 2008, (11): 22-24
[28]张志刚. FPGA与SOPC设计教程-DEZ实践[M].西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,2007, (15): 30-120
[29]潘松,黄继业. SOPC技术实用教程[M] .清华大学出版社, 2005, (2): 33-35
[30]葛保建.基于SOPC的软硬件协同设计平台的研究与实现.武汉科技大学硕士学位论文.武汉,武汉科技大学, 2008, (6): 12-50
[31]刘韬,楼兴华. FPGA数字电子系统设计与开发实例导航[M].北京,人民邮电出版社, 2005, (19): 45-46
[32] Coulthard M.A. Image Processing for Automatic Surface Defect Detection. Third International Conference on Image Processing and its Applications, Engl, 1989, IEE Conference Publication. 307:192-196
[33]娄小冬.智能纸币清分机系统设计及其实现策略研究. [硕士学位论文],浙江,浙江大学,2005, (20): 17-19
[34]赵曙光,郭万有.可编程逻辑器件原理、开发与应用,西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,2000, (4): 5-13
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