超高速数字分幅相机驱动电路与图像采集系统设计
摘要
超高速数字分幅相机目前广泛应用于等离子物理学、光谱学、光电子学、流体力学、动力学、爆炸研究、材料科学、非线性光学、激光物理学、弹道及射程研究、冲击波研究等工程与科技领域。因此,超高速数字分幅相机的研制具有重要意义,目前成为国内外学者研究的热点之一。
本文的工作就是围绕超高速数字分幅相机中驱动电路和图像采集系统的设计展开的,完成的主要研究工作如下:
1.完成了超高速数字分幅相机的总体方案的制定
超高速数字分幅相机由光学分幅系统、快门系统、CCD驱动电路系统、信号采集及处理系统、自动测试仪器通信系统五部分组成。通过光学分幅系统获取四路光信号;快门系统控制光信号的获取时间;CCD驱动电路产生CCD正常工作所需的脉冲信号;图像采集及处理系统把CCD产生的信号进行相应的处理后通过Camera Link接口上传到计算机;GPIB接口实现该相机在自动测试系统中的通信。
2.完成了超高速数字分幅相机驱动电路和图像采集系统设计在超高速数字分幅相机设计中,CCD的驱动和信号采集处理电路是超高速数字分幅相机系统设计中重要的组成部分。本文分析了SONY公司的行间转移型面阵CCD芯片ICX205AK的驱动时序,采用可编程逻辑器件(Xilinx的FPGA芯片XC3S1500)设计了CCD驱动时序电路;并用该可编程逻辑器件对图像的信息采集和处理后通过Camera Link接口上传到计算机。
3.完成了GPIB自动测试仪器通信系统设计
本文采用infineon的XC164CM单片机对NI公司的GPIB接口芯片进行配置实现除开控功能外的GPIB功能。该GPIB接口在自动测试系统中,能够用程控仪器标准命令SCPI实现仪器自检、复位、对CCD曝光时间调节、像素增益放大器(PxGA)和可编程增益放大器(VGA)放大倍数调节等功能。
该系统设计极大地提高了传统高速分幅相机的时间分辨率、空间分辨率和动态范围,也比目前国内相关报道的超高速分幅相机在时间分辨率和空间分辨率上有所提高;而且该相机具有可程控功能,便于在自动测试系统中使用。
The ultra-high-speed digital gated camera has been widely applied to a great many scientific fields, such as plasma physics, spectroscopy, optoelectronics, hydrodynamics, dynamics, dynamite research, material science, non-linear optics, laser physics, missile research, shock wave research and so on. Therefore, the development of the ultra-high speed digital gated camera is so significant that a great many countries have developed it for many years.
The main purpose of the dissertation is to develop CCD drive circuit, signal signal acquisition and processing circuit for the ultra-high-speed digital gated camera. The main contents and contributions include:
1. The designing scheme of the ultra-high-speed digital gated camera has been accomplished.
The camera is composed of the optical splitting system, the shutter circuit, CCD drive circuit, signal acquisition and processing circuit and automatic test equipment’s communication system. Four optical signal are gained through the optical splitting system, and the interval of pulse is controlled by the shuttle circuit, CCD timing driver is generated by CCD driving circuit, and the electronic signal generated by CCD is processed by the signal sampling and processing system, and the camera can be communicate with other devices in automatic test system by GPIB interface.
2. The task of making the design of ultra-high-speed digital framing camera driving circuit and image acquisition system has been accomplished.
In design of ultra-high-speed digital framing camera,CCD driving and signal acquisition and processing circuits are the most important parts in the design of ultra-high-speed digital framing camera system. This analyzed the SONY company’s interline transfer array-based CCD chip ICX205AK’s timing driver. The programmable logic device (Xilinx's FPGA chip XC3S1500) is adopted to design the CCD timing driving circuit, and the programmable logic device is used for image acquisition and information processing, then uploaded to the computer interface through the connection of Camera Link.
3. The designing of GPIB automatic test equipment’s communication system has been accomplished.
In this dissertation, the infineon XC164CM's Single-chip is used to implement the configuration of NI company’s GPIB interface chip, and accomplished the system controller functions apart from the GPIB control function. The camera can be controlled by SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) such as the ability of instrument self checking and reduction, adjusting the exposure time of CCD, Pixel Gain Amplifier (PxGA) and programmable gain amplifier (VGA) features, and so on.
The time resolution, spatial resolution and dynamic range are improved compared with traditional high-speed camera greatly. It has higher time resolution and spatial resolution than reported domestically high-speed camera. Furthermore, the camera has program-controlled function and can be easily used in automatic test system.
本文的工作就是围绕超高速数字分幅相机中驱动电路和图像采集系统的设计展开的,完成的主要研究工作如下:
1.完成了超高速数字分幅相机的总体方案的制定
超高速数字分幅相机由光学分幅系统、快门系统、CCD驱动电路系统、信号采集及处理系统、自动测试仪器通信系统五部分组成。通过光学分幅系统获取四路光信号;快门系统控制光信号的获取时间;CCD驱动电路产生CCD正常工作所需的脉冲信号;图像采集及处理系统把CCD产生的信号进行相应的处理后通过Camera Link接口上传到计算机;GPIB接口实现该相机在自动测试系统中的通信。
2.完成了超高速数字分幅相机驱动电路和图像采集系统设计在超高速数字分幅相机设计中,CCD的驱动和信号采集处理电路是超高速数字分幅相机系统设计中重要的组成部分。本文分析了SONY公司的行间转移型面阵CCD芯片ICX205AK的驱动时序,采用可编程逻辑器件(Xilinx的FPGA芯片XC3S1500)设计了CCD驱动时序电路;并用该可编程逻辑器件对图像的信息采集和处理后通过Camera Link接口上传到计算机。
3.完成了GPIB自动测试仪器通信系统设计
本文采用infineon的XC164CM单片机对NI公司的GPIB接口芯片进行配置实现除开控功能外的GPIB功能。该GPIB接口在自动测试系统中,能够用程控仪器标准命令SCPI实现仪器自检、复位、对CCD曝光时间调节、像素增益放大器(PxGA)和可编程增益放大器(VGA)放大倍数调节等功能。
该系统设计极大地提高了传统高速分幅相机的时间分辨率、空间分辨率和动态范围,也比目前国内相关报道的超高速分幅相机在时间分辨率和空间分辨率上有所提高;而且该相机具有可程控功能,便于在自动测试系统中使用。
The ultra-high-speed digital gated camera has been widely applied to a great many scientific fields, such as plasma physics, spectroscopy, optoelectronics, hydrodynamics, dynamics, dynamite research, material science, non-linear optics, laser physics, missile research, shock wave research and so on. Therefore, the development of the ultra-high speed digital gated camera is so significant that a great many countries have developed it for many years.
The main purpose of the dissertation is to develop CCD drive circuit, signal signal acquisition and processing circuit for the ultra-high-speed digital gated camera. The main contents and contributions include:
1. The designing scheme of the ultra-high-speed digital gated camera has been accomplished.
The camera is composed of the optical splitting system, the shutter circuit, CCD drive circuit, signal acquisition and processing circuit and automatic test equipment’s communication system. Four optical signal are gained through the optical splitting system, and the interval of pulse is controlled by the shuttle circuit, CCD timing driver is generated by CCD driving circuit, and the electronic signal generated by CCD is processed by the signal sampling and processing system, and the camera can be communicate with other devices in automatic test system by GPIB interface.
2. The task of making the design of ultra-high-speed digital framing camera driving circuit and image acquisition system has been accomplished.
In design of ultra-high-speed digital framing camera,CCD driving and signal acquisition and processing circuits are the most important parts in the design of ultra-high-speed digital framing camera system. This analyzed the SONY company’s interline transfer array-based CCD chip ICX205AK’s timing driver. The programmable logic device (Xilinx's FPGA chip XC3S1500) is adopted to design the CCD timing driving circuit, and the programmable logic device is used for image acquisition and information processing, then uploaded to the computer interface through the connection of Camera Link.
3. The designing of GPIB automatic test equipment’s communication system has been accomplished.
In this dissertation, the infineon XC164CM's Single-chip is used to implement the configuration of NI company’s GPIB interface chip, and accomplished the system controller functions apart from the GPIB control function. The camera can be controlled by SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) such as the ability of instrument self checking and reduction, adjusting the exposure time of CCD, Pixel Gain Amplifier (PxGA) and programmable gain amplifier (VGA) features, and so on.
The time resolution, spatial resolution and dynamic range are improved compared with traditional high-speed camera greatly. It has higher time resolution and spatial resolution than reported domestically high-speed camera. Furthermore, the camera has program-controlled function and can be easily used in automatic test system.
引文
[1] B. Stasicki, G. E. A. Meier. A computer controlled ultra high-speed video camera system[J]. SPIE. 1994, 2513:196
[2] Ito. Y, Katoh. Y, Kagata. M, Tomioka. S, Enoto. T. Analysis for improvement of simultaneity of shuttering in an ultra high-speed framing camera Magnetics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Volume 36, Issue 4, Part 1, July 2000:1774 - 1778
[3] Sekikawa.J, Kubono. T. Spectroscopic Imaging Observation of Break Arcs using a High-speed Camera[J]. Electrical contacts-2007.the 53rd ieee holm conference on 16-19 Sept. 2007:275 - 279
[4]谭显祥,黄福.转镜式高速相机在爆炸实验中的某些应用[J].光子学报, 1988(01):24-28
[5] Hartmut Renken, T. Bolik, C. Eigenbrod, J. Konig, H. J. Rath. Application of a digital high-speed camera system for combustion research by using UV laser diagnostic under microgravity at Bremen drop tower[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, Vol.2869, 1997:45-48
[6]肖正飞,李剑,刘宁文,畅里华. SpeedCam VISARIO高速数字相机在爆炸试验中的应用[J].爆轰波与冲击波,2005(4):36-39
[7] Hyun Woo Kim, ManSoo Choi, DaeHwa Jeong. Plannar laser light scattering technique for measurement of nonspherical particles[J]. SPIE. 2004,5602: 242-252
[8]谭显祥.我国转镜式高速相机的发展和应用[J].光子学报, 1987,(03),40-44
[9]许家隆.转镜式高速摄影.北京:科学出版社,1985.1-3.
[10] Liu Ningwen, Wu Yunfeng. Control system for several rotating mirror cameras synchronization operation[J]. SPIE. 1997, 2869:695
[11]吴云峰,叶玉堂,刘宁文,等.转镜式高速相机控制系统[J].仪器仪表学报,2004,25(1):134-137
[12] Tsutomu Mashimo and Akira Nakamura. A compact high-speed streak camera for impact-shock study of solids. Proceedings of SPIE Vol.1801(1993)
[13]满光明,叶玉堂,吴云峰,等.高速转镜相机转速测量的同步传感系统[J].强激光与粒子束, 2006, 18(1): 11-14
[14]邹翔,叶玉堂,吴云峰,等.高速转镜式条纹相机同步传感器和速度传感器[J].光电子技术与信息,2006,19(3):58-61
[15]汪伟,谭显祥,肖正飞,刘宁文,尚长水,李剑,畅里华.转镜式高速相机的计量技术[J].计量技术, 2006,(07)
[16]王庆有. CCD应用技术.天津:天津大学出版社,2000
[17]王庆有.图像传感器应用技术.北京:北京工业出版社,2003
[18]刘迎春.传感器原理设计和应用.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1995
[19] F. M. Li, A. Nathan.CCD image sensors in deep-ultraviolet. Berlin; New York : Springer, 2005
[20] Novy svet, Vladimir I, Charge-coupled devices and CCD systems, sponsored and published by SPIE, Fifth conference, 1-7 October 1995
[21] James R. Janesick, Scientific charge-coupled devices. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE Press, c2001
[22] Morley M.Blouke, Charge-coupled devices and solid state optical sensors V, Bellingham: SPIE, c1995
[23]李宁,汪骏发.基于Camera Link的高速数据采集系统[J ].红外,2005 ,6 (7) :31-37.
[24] Automated Imaging Association. Camera link Specification of the Camera Link Interface Standard for Digital Cameras and Frame Grabbers Version1.1. http://www.machinevisiononline.org
[25] Basler Vision Technologies, Camera Link Technology Brief Datasheet. http://www.basler-mvc.com
[26] Channel Link Moving and Shaping Information In Point-To-Point Application. http://www.national.com
[27] Introduction to LVDS. http://www.national.com/appinfo/lvds
[28] LVDS Owner’s Manual. http://www.national.com/appinfo/lvds
[29]张健,吴晓冰.LVDS技术原理和设计简介[J].电子技术应用.2000(5):68-69
[30]中华人民共和国国家标准GBn249.1-249.2-1985:可程控测量仪器的一种接口系统.1985
[31]陈长龄等编著.自动测试及接口技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.1
[32]杨安禄,陈长龄编著.电子仪器接口技术.成都:电子科技大学出版社,1994
[33]张世箕,杨安禄,陈长龄编著.自动测试系统.成都:电子科技大学出版社,1994
[34]中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 15946-1995:可程控测量设备的标准数字接口.1995
[35] IEEE Std 488-1978: IEEE Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation.IEEE Inc.New York,1978
[36] NI-488.2 Function Reference Manual.National Instruments Crop,January 1996 Edition Part Number 320702C-01.
[37] Diagonal 6mm (Type 1/3) Progressive Scan CCD Image Sensor with Square Pixel for B/WCameras ICX205AK datasheet.http://www.sony.com.cn
[38] CCD Vertical Clock Driver CXD1267AN datasheet. http://www.sony.com.cn
[39]佟首峰,阮锦,郝志航.CCD图像传感器降噪技术的研究[J].光学精密工程.2000,8(2):140-145.
[40] Analog Devices, Inc. Complete 14-bit 30MSPS CCD signal processor AD 9824 datasheet. http://www.analog.com/en.2002.
[41]潘峰,王利刚. CCD降噪技术研究[J].电子技术. 2002,10:24-26..
[42]张大海,姚大志等.高速科学CCD CAMERA系统设计[J].光电工程. 2005,32(11):87-92.
[43] National Instruments Corporation,ESP-488TL Software Reference Manual for TNT4882,May 1994.
[44] National Instruments Corporation,TNT4882 Single-chip IEEE 448.2 Talker/Listener ASIC datasheet,May 1994.
[45]黄崧,储飞黄等.基于TNT4882 GPIB接口设计[J].电子测量技术. 2002.5:1-2
[46]王一鸣,葛全喜. GPIB芯片TNT4882在多路程控电源中的应用[J].单片机与嵌入式应用. 2003.6: 63-67
[2] Ito. Y, Katoh. Y, Kagata. M, Tomioka. S, Enoto. T. Analysis for improvement of simultaneity of shuttering in an ultra high-speed framing camera Magnetics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Volume 36, Issue 4, Part 1, July 2000:1774 - 1778
[3] Sekikawa.J, Kubono. T. Spectroscopic Imaging Observation of Break Arcs using a High-speed Camera[J]. Electrical contacts-2007.the 53rd ieee holm conference on 16-19 Sept. 2007:275 - 279
[4]谭显祥,黄福.转镜式高速相机在爆炸实验中的某些应用[J].光子学报, 1988(01):24-28
[5] Hartmut Renken, T. Bolik, C. Eigenbrod, J. Konig, H. J. Rath. Application of a digital high-speed camera system for combustion research by using UV laser diagnostic under microgravity at Bremen drop tower[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, Vol.2869, 1997:45-48
[6]肖正飞,李剑,刘宁文,畅里华. SpeedCam VISARIO高速数字相机在爆炸试验中的应用[J].爆轰波与冲击波,2005(4):36-39
[7] Hyun Woo Kim, ManSoo Choi, DaeHwa Jeong. Plannar laser light scattering technique for measurement of nonspherical particles[J]. SPIE. 2004,5602: 242-252
[8]谭显祥.我国转镜式高速相机的发展和应用[J].光子学报, 1987,(03),40-44
[9]许家隆.转镜式高速摄影.北京:科学出版社,1985.1-3.
[10] Liu Ningwen, Wu Yunfeng. Control system for several rotating mirror cameras synchronization operation[J]. SPIE. 1997, 2869:695
[11]吴云峰,叶玉堂,刘宁文,等.转镜式高速相机控制系统[J].仪器仪表学报,2004,25(1):134-137
[12] Tsutomu Mashimo and Akira Nakamura. A compact high-speed streak camera for impact-shock study of solids. Proceedings of SPIE Vol.1801(1993)
[13]满光明,叶玉堂,吴云峰,等.高速转镜相机转速测量的同步传感系统[J].强激光与粒子束, 2006, 18(1): 11-14
[14]邹翔,叶玉堂,吴云峰,等.高速转镜式条纹相机同步传感器和速度传感器[J].光电子技术与信息,2006,19(3):58-61
[15]汪伟,谭显祥,肖正飞,刘宁文,尚长水,李剑,畅里华.转镜式高速相机的计量技术[J].计量技术, 2006,(07)
[16]王庆有. CCD应用技术.天津:天津大学出版社,2000
[17]王庆有.图像传感器应用技术.北京:北京工业出版社,2003
[18]刘迎春.传感器原理设计和应用.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1995
[19] F. M. Li, A. Nathan.CCD image sensors in deep-ultraviolet. Berlin; New York : Springer, 2005
[20] Novy svet, Vladimir I, Charge-coupled devices and CCD systems, sponsored and published by SPIE, Fifth conference, 1-7 October 1995
[21] James R. Janesick, Scientific charge-coupled devices. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE Press, c2001
[22] Morley M.Blouke, Charge-coupled devices and solid state optical sensors V, Bellingham: SPIE, c1995
[23]李宁,汪骏发.基于Camera Link的高速数据采集系统[J ].红外,2005 ,6 (7) :31-37.
[24] Automated Imaging Association. Camera link Specification of the Camera Link Interface Standard for Digital Cameras and Frame Grabbers Version1.1. http://www.machinevisiononline.org
[25] Basler Vision Technologies, Camera Link Technology Brief Datasheet. http://www.basler-mvc.com
[26] Channel Link Moving and Shaping Information In Point-To-Point Application. http://www.national.com
[27] Introduction to LVDS. http://www.national.com/appinfo/lvds
[28] LVDS Owner’s Manual. http://www.national.com/appinfo/lvds
[29]张健,吴晓冰.LVDS技术原理和设计简介[J].电子技术应用.2000(5):68-69
[30]中华人民共和国国家标准GBn249.1-249.2-1985:可程控测量仪器的一种接口系统.1985
[31]陈长龄等编著.自动测试及接口技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.1
[32]杨安禄,陈长龄编著.电子仪器接口技术.成都:电子科技大学出版社,1994
[33]张世箕,杨安禄,陈长龄编著.自动测试系统.成都:电子科技大学出版社,1994
[34]中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 15946-1995:可程控测量设备的标准数字接口.1995
[35] IEEE Std 488-1978: IEEE Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation.IEEE Inc.New York,1978
[36] NI-488.2 Function Reference Manual.National Instruments Crop,January 1996 Edition Part Number 320702C-01.
[37] Diagonal 6mm (Type 1/3) Progressive Scan CCD Image Sensor with Square Pixel for B/WCameras ICX205AK datasheet.http://www.sony.com.cn
[38] CCD Vertical Clock Driver CXD1267AN datasheet. http://www.sony.com.cn
[39]佟首峰,阮锦,郝志航.CCD图像传感器降噪技术的研究[J].光学精密工程.2000,8(2):140-145.
[40] Analog Devices, Inc. Complete 14-bit 30MSPS CCD signal processor AD 9824 datasheet. http://www.analog.com/en.2002.
[41]潘峰,王利刚. CCD降噪技术研究[J].电子技术. 2002,10:24-26..
[42]张大海,姚大志等.高速科学CCD CAMERA系统设计[J].光电工程. 2005,32(11):87-92.
[43] National Instruments Corporation,ESP-488TL Software Reference Manual for TNT4882,May 1994.
[44] National Instruments Corporation,TNT4882 Single-chip IEEE 448.2 Talker/Listener ASIC datasheet,May 1994.
[45]黄崧,储飞黄等.基于TNT4882 GPIB接口设计[J].电子测量技术. 2002.5:1-2
[46]王一鸣,葛全喜. GPIB芯片TNT4882在多路程控电源中的应用[J].单片机与嵌入式应用. 2003.6: 63-67
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