鄂西鲕状赤铁矿还原焙烧—磁选工艺及机理研究
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摘要
本文针对我国鄂西鲕状赤铁矿难以利用的特点,首先对其开展了工艺矿物学的研究,着重研究了矿石中赤铁矿、褐铁矿及主要脉石矿物的矿石性质。采用还原焙烧-磁选工艺选别粗碎原矿,粒度为-3mm。在还原温度800℃,还原时间45min,还原剂配比为8%,磁选场强为0.14T的条件下,得到铁精矿品位57.28%、铁回收率为85.79%、铁精矿磷含量为0.69%的选矿指标。
在试验过程中发现-3mm粒级原矿中的细颗粒铁矿物经焙烧能够长大,因而本文对焙烧过程中赤铁矿转变成磁铁矿的晶粒长大现象进行了系统研究。将粗粒原矿细磨(-0.074mm占92.03%)后再进行焙烧,探讨出最佳焙烧磁选条件为：焙烧温度800℃,焙烧时间60min,还原剂配比8%,粗选场强0.14T,精选场强0.08T,得到精矿品位57.32%,综合铁回收率为82.60%,铁精矿磷含量0.43%。将细磨矿以及该最佳焙烧条件下得到的焙烧产物略微研磨后分别制作光片,做显微镜矿相分析,经镜下铁矿物粒度统计,发现在大粒度级别(如-105～+37μm),还原焙烧后的铁矿物在该粒级的“个数累积产率”为12.46%,而焙烧前仅有6.12%。证明赤铁矿还原焙烧变成磁铁矿的化学反应伴随着磁铁矿颗粒的长大。通过电子探针的Fe元素面扫描图像也可以证实,磁铁矿颗粒已经显著长大。
以铁红粉末作为赤铁矿的纯矿物进行还原焙烧试验,原本极细的铁红粉末(-0.500mm)在750℃、还原剂配比10%下焙烧45min,焙烧产物经XRD分析已经完全还原为Fe304,做粒度筛析得到+0.074mm占57.00%,显微镜矿相分析也得出Fe3O4颗粒明显长大的结论。
本文在鲕状赤铁矿还原焙烧-磁选试验过程中,探讨了常用的选矿流程,着重研究了铁矿物的相变化,并首先提出和论证了赤铁矿磁化焙烧过程中磁铁矿颗粒的长大现象。粗粒矿石的直接磁化焙烧,受鲕状环带结构制约,反应难以充分进行,铁矿物的迁移也受到限制,因此铁矿物的嵌布特性并无明显变化；若细磨后再焙烧,则铁矿物颗粒会明显的聚集长大。赤铁矿经还原焙烧转化为磁铁矿,其晶粒长大的机理有两点解释：一是六方晶系的赤铁矿转变成立方晶系的磁铁矿,晶格变化会导致晶粒膨胀约11%；二是晶粒“二次长大”：为降低体系表面能,小的磁铁矿颗粒不断合并成大的磁铁矿颗粒。
Oolitic hematite is a typical refractory iron ore resource in western Hubei province of China. This paper carried out its mineralogy studies, especially focused on the disseminated form of hematite, limonite and the main gangue minerals. Then chose the flow of magnetic roasting-magnetic separation to process this coarse grained ores. Proper conditions were as fallows, roasting temperature of800℃, roasting time of45min, reductant to ore ratio of8%, magnetic field strength0.14T. The iron concentrate grade was57.28%, and iron recovery rate was85.79%, with P content of0.69%.
In the magnetic roasting process of raw ores, it was been found that fine grain of iron minerals might grow up. In order to study this phenomena, ground the coarse raw ores to-0.074mm for92.03%, and then began roasting. The results showed that, under the condition of roasting at800℃for60min, reductant to ore ratio of8%, rough magnetic field strength0.14T, concentration magnetic field strength0.08T, the final concentrate grade was57.32%for iron grade,82.60%for iron recovery rate and0.43%of P content. Put the ground ores and the roasted ores to produce polished-section, and made microscope mineral analysis. By ccounting the size of iron ores, it was found that, in large particle levels, such as+37μm, the iron ores' cumulative productivity of the roasted ores was12.46%, while the ground ores's was6.12%. Thus, the magnetite particles will grow when hematite is reduction roasted to magnetite. The Fe-element area scanned images of EPMA also support this opinion.
Took red iron oxide powder as pure hematite to reduction roast under the condition of roasting temperature750℃for45min, reductant ratio of10%. With XRD analysis, it was confirmed that the product had been completely reduced to Fe3O4. By screening the product, got about+0.074mm account for57.00%. The microscope mineralogical analysis also confirmed the Fe3O4particles grew significantly.
This paper, on thee basis of reduction roasting-magnetic separation, studied the phase-trasiton of iron ores, and innovatively put forward and proved the magnetite's grain-growth in the process of hematite's reduction roasting. For the-3mm raw iron ore's reduction roasting, magnetite grain's growth is not so obvious, as the completed oolitic structure stops its growth. Besides, oolitic band structure also prevents the reduction reaction from fully reaction. By pre-grinding to destroy the oolitic structure, the iron minerals and reducing gas can fully touch and react, Thus, the magnetite grain's growth is more obvious in this condition. Concerning the reaction of reduction roasting from hematite to magnetite, the mechanism of magnetite grain's growth can be explained as follow: First, the lattice changes will lead to grain expansion of about11%from the hexagonal system of hematite to the cubic system of magnetite; Second, secondary grain growth (secondary recrystallization), which means, after primary recrystallization, in order to reduce the system surface energy, small magnetite particles continue to combine nearby small magnetite particles.
在试验过程中发现-3mm粒级原矿中的细颗粒铁矿物经焙烧能够长大,因而本文对焙烧过程中赤铁矿转变成磁铁矿的晶粒长大现象进行了系统研究。将粗粒原矿细磨(-0.074mm占92.03%)后再进行焙烧,探讨出最佳焙烧磁选条件为：焙烧温度800℃,焙烧时间60min,还原剂配比8%,粗选场强0.14T,精选场强0.08T,得到精矿品位57.32%,综合铁回收率为82.60%,铁精矿磷含量0.43%。将细磨矿以及该最佳焙烧条件下得到的焙烧产物略微研磨后分别制作光片,做显微镜矿相分析,经镜下铁矿物粒度统计,发现在大粒度级别(如-105～+37μm),还原焙烧后的铁矿物在该粒级的“个数累积产率”为12.46%,而焙烧前仅有6.12%。证明赤铁矿还原焙烧变成磁铁矿的化学反应伴随着磁铁矿颗粒的长大。通过电子探针的Fe元素面扫描图像也可以证实,磁铁矿颗粒已经显著长大。
以铁红粉末作为赤铁矿的纯矿物进行还原焙烧试验,原本极细的铁红粉末(-0.500mm)在750℃、还原剂配比10%下焙烧45min,焙烧产物经XRD分析已经完全还原为Fe304,做粒度筛析得到+0.074mm占57.00%,显微镜矿相分析也得出Fe3O4颗粒明显长大的结论。
本文在鲕状赤铁矿还原焙烧-磁选试验过程中,探讨了常用的选矿流程,着重研究了铁矿物的相变化,并首先提出和论证了赤铁矿磁化焙烧过程中磁铁矿颗粒的长大现象。粗粒矿石的直接磁化焙烧,受鲕状环带结构制约,反应难以充分进行,铁矿物的迁移也受到限制,因此铁矿物的嵌布特性并无明显变化；若细磨后再焙烧,则铁矿物颗粒会明显的聚集长大。赤铁矿经还原焙烧转化为磁铁矿,其晶粒长大的机理有两点解释：一是六方晶系的赤铁矿转变成立方晶系的磁铁矿,晶格变化会导致晶粒膨胀约11%；二是晶粒“二次长大”：为降低体系表面能,小的磁铁矿颗粒不断合并成大的磁铁矿颗粒。
Oolitic hematite is a typical refractory iron ore resource in western Hubei province of China. This paper carried out its mineralogy studies, especially focused on the disseminated form of hematite, limonite and the main gangue minerals. Then chose the flow of magnetic roasting-magnetic separation to process this coarse grained ores. Proper conditions were as fallows, roasting temperature of800℃, roasting time of45min, reductant to ore ratio of8%, magnetic field strength0.14T. The iron concentrate grade was57.28%, and iron recovery rate was85.79%, with P content of0.69%.
In the magnetic roasting process of raw ores, it was been found that fine grain of iron minerals might grow up. In order to study this phenomena, ground the coarse raw ores to-0.074mm for92.03%, and then began roasting. The results showed that, under the condition of roasting at800℃for60min, reductant to ore ratio of8%, rough magnetic field strength0.14T, concentration magnetic field strength0.08T, the final concentrate grade was57.32%for iron grade,82.60%for iron recovery rate and0.43%of P content. Put the ground ores and the roasted ores to produce polished-section, and made microscope mineral analysis. By ccounting the size of iron ores, it was found that, in large particle levels, such as+37μm, the iron ores' cumulative productivity of the roasted ores was12.46%, while the ground ores's was6.12%. Thus, the magnetite particles will grow when hematite is reduction roasted to magnetite. The Fe-element area scanned images of EPMA also support this opinion.
Took red iron oxide powder as pure hematite to reduction roast under the condition of roasting temperature750℃for45min, reductant ratio of10%. With XRD analysis, it was confirmed that the product had been completely reduced to Fe3O4. By screening the product, got about+0.074mm account for57.00%. The microscope mineralogical analysis also confirmed the Fe3O4particles grew significantly.
This paper, on thee basis of reduction roasting-magnetic separation, studied the phase-trasiton of iron ores, and innovatively put forward and proved the magnetite's grain-growth in the process of hematite's reduction roasting. For the-3mm raw iron ore's reduction roasting, magnetite grain's growth is not so obvious, as the completed oolitic structure stops its growth. Besides, oolitic band structure also prevents the reduction reaction from fully reaction. By pre-grinding to destroy the oolitic structure, the iron minerals and reducing gas can fully touch and react, Thus, the magnetite grain's growth is more obvious in this condition. Concerning the reaction of reduction roasting from hematite to magnetite, the mechanism of magnetite grain's growth can be explained as follow: First, the lattice changes will lead to grain expansion of about11%from the hexagonal system of hematite to the cubic system of magnetite; Second, secondary grain growth (secondary recrystallization), which means, after primary recrystallization, in order to reduce the system surface energy, small magnetite particles continue to combine nearby small magnetite particles.
引文
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